Kodi mumadziwa bwanji magwero a cyanides?

Cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Kumvetsetsa komwe kumachokera, zotsatira zake, ndi njira zotetezera ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa kuwonetseredwa ndikuwonetsetsa kukhala bwino.

Magwero a Cyanide

Mapulogalamu a Industrial

Cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale monga electroplating, penti, kupanga utoto, ndi kupanga mphira ali ndi mwayi wowonekera. Mu electroplating, mwachitsanzo, Cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira kwa zokutira zachitsulo. Komabe, kusagwira bwino komanso kusowa kwa chitetezo m'mafakitalewa kungayambitse cyanide kutayikira ndi kumasulidwa ku chilengedwe.

Zochitika Zachilengedwe mu Chakudya

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti cyanide imapezekanso muzakudya zina zodziwika bwino. Zipatso monga mapichesi, plums, apricots, ndi 枇杷 zili ndi hydrogen cyanide. Pakati pawo, ma amondi owawa amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chinangwa, chomwe ndi chakudya chambiri m'madera ambiri otentha, chilinso ndi hydrogen cyanide. Izi zachilengedwe - zikuchitika cyanides Nthawi zambiri amamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a cyanogenic glycosides. Zinthuzi zikalowetsedwa m'thupi, ma enzymes m'thupi amatha kuwaphwanya, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa cyanide yaulere.

Biological Production

M'chilengedwe, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) imatha kupangidwa kudzera mu hydrolysis ya amygdalin ndi enzyme amygdalinase. Ngakhale kuti HCN palibe zambiri m'zamoyo, imatha kupangidwa pansi pa zochitika zina za enzymatic. Cyanide imagwirizana kwambiri ndi maatomu achitsulo ndipo imatha kupanga ma complex okhazikika. Katunduyu amalola kuti amangirire mosavuta zitsulo - zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa ntchito zawo. Makamaka, cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme yofunikira mu unyolo wopumira, imatha kuletsedwa mwamphamvu ngakhale pamlingo wochepera 10 - 4M, zomwe zimabweretsa kutha kwa kupuma.

Zowopsa za Cyanide

Zowopsa za cyanide m'thupi la munthu zimawonekera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: zowopsa komanso zosatha. Kukhudzana kwambiri ndi cyanide kumatha kuwopseza moyo. Ma cyanide ions (CN -) otulutsidwa amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a cell pomanga ma enzymes ofunikira omwe amakhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Izi zimasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga kupuma mofulumira, chizungulire, mutu, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kutaya chidziwitso ndi imfa. Kuwonekera kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale sizodziwikiratu nthawi yomweyo, kungayambitsenso mavuto azaumoyo kwanthawi yayitali, kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, kupuma, ndi chithokomiro.

Kusamala ndi Mayankho Adzidzidzi

Kusamala Pantchito

Kumalo ogwirira ntchito komwe cyanide imapangidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga cyanide - mankhwala okhudzana ndi cyanide, malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kusuta ndi kudya ndizoletsedwa m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito cyanide. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kupatsidwa zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kuphatikiza magolovesi, masks, ndi zovala zodzitetezera kuti cyanide isaipitse khungu lawo ndi kulowa m'thupi mwawo powameza kapena pokoka mpweya. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitika pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi cyanide zasungidwa, kunyamulidwa, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Maphunziro okhudzana ndi chitetezo amayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kuti athandizire kuzindikira kwa ogwira ntchito pazangozi zomwe zingachitike komanso kuthekera koyankha mwadzidzidzi.

Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi ku Poizoni Woopsa

Pakachitika ngozi yapoizoni ya cyanide, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandizira - kugwiritsa ntchito amyl nitrite. Tengani 1 - 2 ampoules a amyl nitrite, kukulunga mu mpango, ndi kuwaphwanya. Kenako, gwirani ma ampoules osweka pafupi ndi mphuno ndi pakamwa pa wodwalayo kuti mupume mpweya, panthawi imodzimodziyo mukuchita kupuma kochita kupanga. Muuzeni wodwalayo kuti apume mpweya kwa masekondi 15 - 30 mphindi 1 - 2 zilizonse. Chiwerengero cha ma inhalation chiyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambachi, wodwalayo ayenera kuthamangira kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo chamankhwala, chomwe chitha kuphatikizapo kupatsidwa mankhwala enaake monga sodium nitrite ndi sodium thiosulfate.

Pomaliza, cyanide, yokhala ndi magwero osiyanasiyana komanso zoopsa zake, imafuna chisamaliro chathu chonse. Kaya m'mafakitale kapena m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kudziwa za kukhalapo kwake, kutenga njira zodzitetezera, komanso kudziwa momwe mungayankhire pakakhala kuwonekera ndikofunikira pakuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi chitetezo.