Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala. Komabe, kusamalidwa bwino ndi kutayidwa kwake kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe ndikuyika chiwopsezo chachikulu paumoyo wa anthu komanso machitidwe azachilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ogwira mtima Sodium cyanideKuwongolera zanyumba matekinoloje akhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza ndi machitidwe.

Njira Zachikhalidwe Zochizira Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Alkaline Chlorination

Alkaline chlorination ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochizira cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa. Pochita izi, chlorine kapena klorini - yokhala ndi mankhwala (monga sodium hypochlorite) amawonjezeredwa kumadzi otayidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere. Zimene zimachitika mu masitepe awiri. Choyamba, cyanide imapangidwa ndi okosijeni kukhala cyanogen chloride, ndiyeno cyanogen chloride hydrolyzes kupanga cyanate. Pomaliza, ayoni a cyanate amapangidwanso ndi hydrolyzed kuti apange ammonia ndi carbonates. Njira yachikhalidwe yothira chlorination ya alkaline nthawi zambiri imafunikira pH yokwera pafupifupi 10.5 komanso mphamvu yochepetsera oxidation (ORP) ya + 600 mV. Komabe, ndi njira yopangira mankhwala, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi magaloni 23 a 12.5% ​​sodium hypochlorite solution amafunikira kuti awononge gawo limodzi la cyanide.

Chithandizo cha Zamoyo

Tizilombo mankhwala cyanide - munali madzi oipa kumafuna ntchito yeniyeni tizilombo. Mabakiteriya a Aerobic monga Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, ndi Achromobacteria amatha oxidize cyanide kuti cyanate. Pambuyo pake, ion ya cyanate imasinthidwa kukhala ammonia ndi bicarbonate. Njirayi ndi yothandiza pamene cyanide ndende m'madzi oipa ndi yotsika. Komabe, pamafunika kuwongolera mosamala za chilengedwe monga kutentha, pH, ndi kukhalapo kwa zakudya zoyenera kuti zitsimikizire kukula ndi ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Njira ya Acidification

Njira ya acidification ndi njira yachikhalidwe yochizira cyanide yapamwamba - yokhala ndi madzi otayira m'mafakitale monga migodi ya golide ndi cyanide electroplating. Mwanjira iyi, madzi otayira amasinthidwa kukhala acid kuti atulutse mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe utha kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuthandizidwanso. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wokhoza kubwezeretsa cyanide kuchokera m'madzi otayira, koma pamafunika kusamalira mosamala mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide wotulutsidwa kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe ndikuonetsetsa chitetezo.

Matekinoloje Atsopano a Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Njira zotsogola za okosijeni, monga ozoni oxidation ndi ultraviolet (UV) - catalyzed oxidation, zawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakuchiza Sodium Cyanide - madzi oipitsidwa. Ozoni oxidation imatha kuwola bwino cyanide kukhala zinthu zochepa zovulaza. Molekyu ya ozoni imagwira ntchito ndi cyanide, ndikuphwanya zomangira zamakemikolo ndikuzisintha kukhala zinthu zokhazikika. UV - catalyzed oxidation, Komano, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira kuphatikiza ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi okosijeni monga hydrogen peroxide. Mwachitsanzo, mu UV - H₂O₂ system, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumayambitsa hydrogen peroxide, kupanga ma hydroxyl radicals omwe amatha kuwononga cyanide mwachangu. Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zotsalira zotsalira za cyanide poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe.

Njira za Nanotechnology - Zokhazikitsidwa ndi Njira

Nanotechnology ikuwoneka ngati gawo lodalirika pakuwongolera kuwongolera kuwononga kwa cyanide. Nanomaterials, monga ma nanocatalysts, amatha kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe owonongeka a cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ma nanocatalysts ena azitsulo amatha kulimbikitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a cyanide m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nanofiltration nembanemba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa cyanide ndi zonyansa zina ndi madzi. Ma nembanembawa amakhala ndi pores mumtundu wa nanometer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achotse mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi ayoni, kuphatikiza cyanide, ndikusunga zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa.

Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

M'makampani a Migodi

Mu migodi golide, kuti sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide, njira zowongolera kuwononga chilengedwe ndizofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zina zazikulu za migodi zatengera kuphatikiza kwa alkaline chlorination ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe. Choyamba, njira ya alkaline chlorination imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayirira mpaka pamlingo wina. Kenako, madzi otayirawo amayeretsedwanso mwachilengedwe kuti akwaniritse miyezo yokhazikika yotulutsira chilengedwe. Nthawi zina, matekinoloje atsopano monga UV - catalyzed oxidation akuyesedwanso. Migodi yomwe ili m'malo omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochepetsera kuwononga chilengedwe pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Mu Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Mafakitale opangira ma electroplating omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo osambira opangidwa ndi cyanide amatulutsanso sianidi wambiri - wokhala ndi madzi oipa. Zomera zambiri zamakono za electroplating zayika pa - malo opangira madzi otayira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zothandizira, kuyambira ndi mvula yazitsulo zolemera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi cyanide complexes, zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa cyanide yaulere pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga alkaline chlorination kapena njira zowonjezera makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zomera zina zakhazikitsanso njira zowunikira mosalekeza kuti madzi otayira oyeretsedwawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe amawongolera asanatulutsidwe mumsewu kapena m'madzi apamtunda.

Zovuta ndi Zowona Zamtsogolo

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zamakono zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa sodium cyanide, pali mavuto angapo. Limodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kogwirizana ndi njira zamakono zochiritsira, makamaka zamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala a cyanide ovuta - okhala ndi madzi otayira, omwe angakhale ndi osakaniza a cyanide mankhwala ndi zonyansa zina, amafuna njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima komanso zosunthika.

Kuyang'ana zam'tsogolo, kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko ndizofunikira kuti zitheke bwino komanso zotsika mtengo zaukadaulo womwe ulipo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukhathamiritsa kwa momwe zinthu zimachitikira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zolimbikitsa zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima, komanso kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa malingaliro atsopano komanso opangira chithandizo chamankhwala, monga kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonjezere kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zochotsa sianidi, zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chowongolera kuyipitsa kwa sodium cyanide pakapita nthawi.

Pomaliza, kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje owongolera kuwononga kwa sodium cyanide ndikofunikira pakuteteza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Kuwongolera kosalekeza ndi kutsogozedwa kwa matekinoloje amenewa kudzathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika cha mafakitale ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.