Kodi mukudziwa za ntchito ya sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide, ndi formula ya mankhwala NaCN, ndi gulu lomwe latenga chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri. Komabe, imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa Sodium cyanide m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

1. Makampani Ogulitsa Migodi

Kutulutsa Golide ndi Siliva

Mmodzi mwa odziwika kwambiri Mapulogalamu of Sodium Cyanide ali m’kutulutsa golidi ndi siliva m’miyendo yawo. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyanidation, imadalira kuthekera kwa ayoni a cyanide kupanga zolimba zokhala ndi golidi ndi siliva. Pamaso pa okosijeni ndi madzi, chitsulo cha golide chimatulutsa okosijeni ndikusungunuka mu njira ya cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale golide - cyanide complex. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri ndipo yakhala muyeso wa migodi ya golide ndi siliva kwa zaka zambiri. Imathandiza kubwezanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali, zomwe sizingakhale zopindulitsa pachuma kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, migodi ikuluikulu ya golide padziko lonse lapansi. sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira kutulutsa golide. M’migodi ina ya mu Afirika ndi ku South America, matani masauzande ambiri a miyala yamtengo wapatali amathiridwa ndi mankhwala a cyanide tsiku lililonse kuti apeze golide wochepa.

Other Metal Processing

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito polekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zina monga mkuwa, zinki, ndi faifi tambala. Pazigawozi, cyanide imatha kumangiriza ndi zitsulo zina, zomwe zimalola kupatukana ndi zonyansa kapena zitsulo zina mu ore. Mwachitsanzo, mu copper - Makampani opanga migodi, cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa mkuwa ndi zitsulo zina zogwirizana mu thupi la ore. Izi zimatheka posintha pH ndi ndende ya cyanide yankho kuti igwirizane ndi zitsulo zenizeni - cyanide complex formations.

2. Kusintha kwamagetsi

Mu Pachikuz mafakitale, sodium cyanide ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamba kwamadzi. Imathandizira kuyika kwazitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Ma cyanide ions mu plating solution amagwira ntchito ngati zovuta. Amapanga ma complexes okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo, omwe amathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwachitsulo. Chotsatira chake, yunifolomu yowonjezereka komanso yotsatizana yophimba zitsulo imapindula pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chimakutidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba, electroplating ndi siliva kapena golide nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide - based plating solutions. Kukhalapo kwa sodium cyanide kumatsimikizira kuti chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chimayikidwa mofanana, kupatsa zodzikongoletsera kukhala zosalala komanso zonyezimira. M'makampani amagalimoto, magawo monga ma bumpers ndi zokongoletsa zokongoletsera nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi cyanide - okhala ndi mayankho owongolera mawonekedwe awo komanso kukana dzimbiri.

3. Chemical Synthesis

Kupanga kwa Organic Compounds

Sodium cyanide ndi reagent yofunika kwambiri mu kaphatikizidwe ka organic. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa gulu la cyano (-CN) kukhala mamolekyu achilengedwe. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza ma nitriles, omwe amamanga mosiyanasiyana mu chemistry. Mwachitsanzo, popanga acrylonitrile, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa ngati acrylic ndi modacrylic, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito munjira imodzi. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa organic halide ndi sodium cyanide zimatsogolera ku mapangidwe a nitrile kudzera mu nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Kaphatikizidwe wa Mankhwala ndi Agrochemicals

M'makampani opanga mankhwala, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala angapo. Mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito yopanga mankhwala enaake opha tizilombo, mavitamini, ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa. Mu synthesis ya vitamini B12. cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zazikulu zapakatikati. M'munda wa agrochemical, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi herbicides. Mankhwala ena ophera tizirombo ndi mafangasi amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku zochita za sodium cyanide. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo ndi matenda, motero amawonjezera zokolola zaulimi.

4. Ntchito Zina

Kuwongolera Makoswe

Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rodenticide. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makoswe, mbewa, ndi makoswe ena. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'nkhaniyi kumayendetsedwa bwino chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zingabweretse kwa mitundu yomwe siili ndi cholinga komanso chilengedwe. M'madera ena kumene matenda a makoswe ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo njira zina zodzitetezera zakhala zosagwira ntchito, nyambo za sodium cyanide zingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyang'aniridwa bwino. Makoswe amadya nyamboyo, ndipo cyanide imagwira ntchito mwachangu pamanjenje, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa.

Kuyeretsa ndi Kupukuta Zitsulo

Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa zitsulo ndi kupukuta. Zimathandizira kuchotsa ma oxides ndi zonyansa zina zapamtunda kuzitsulo. Pankhani ya zitsulo zina, cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zonyansa zapamtunda, kupanga zovuta zosungunuka zomwe zimatha kutsukidwa mosavuta. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pokonzekera zitsulo kuti zipitirire kukonzanso, monga kujambula kapena kumanga. Mwachitsanzo, m’makampani opanga zinthu zakuthambo, zitsulo zina zisanapentidwe kapena kulumikizidwa pamodzi, zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi sodium cyanide kuti pakhale malo oyera komanso osalala.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide, ngakhale kawopsedwe, imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pakuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mumigodi mpaka kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ofunikira, ntchito zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake, malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ndi chilengedwe ali m'malo kuti awonetsetse kuti akugwiridwa bwino, kusungidwa, ndi kutaya.