Chifukwa chiyani Sodium Cyanide Imawonedwa Mwapang'onopang'ono?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yakhala nkhani yosangalatsa komanso yodetsa nkhawa kwanthawi yayitali m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'makampani.

Poizoni: Chiwopsezo chakupha

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, pang'ono ngati 5% ya supuni ya tiyi, ikhoza kupha. Ikalowa m'thupi la munthu, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ma cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ma ion awa ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wachitsulo mu cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yofunikira pamayendedwe a ma elekitironi pakupuma kwa ma cell. Pomanga chitsulo, ayoni a cyanide amalepheretsa ntchito ya enzyme, kutsekereza kusamutsidwa kwa ma electron ndipo pamapeto pake kusokoneza mphamvu ya thupi kupanga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a ATP. Izi zimabweretsa kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma cell, lactic acidosis (ma cell amasintha kukhala anaerobic metabolism), kenako kufa. Zizindikiro za sodium cyanide Poyizoni zimaphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kukomoka, kukomoka, ndi kumangidwa kwa mtima. Poganizira zakupha kwambiri izi, kuwonekera kulikonse komwe kungachitike Sodium Cyanide, kaya ndi ngozi zamakampani kapena zochitika zina, nthawi yomweyo zimadzutsa nkhawa za thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu.

Kufalikira kwa Industrial Applications

Migodi Yagolide

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide ali mu mgodi wagolide makampani. Golide wochuluka wa padziko lapansi sapezeka m’matangadza aakulu koma ngati tinthu ting’onoting’ono tomwe timamwazikana m’miyala. Pofuna kuchotsa golide ku miyalayi, njira yotchedwa cyanidation imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ore akakumbidwa ndikugayidwa kukhala ufa wabwino, amawonjezeredwa ku yankho la sodium cyanide. Golide amapanga zomangira zolimba ndi mamolekyu a cyanide, kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Ma complexes amatha kupatulidwa ndi mchere wina uliwonse mu ore, chifukwa amasungunuka m'madzi. Pambuyo pake, zinc imawonjezedwa ku yankho, lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi golide - ma cyanide complexes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide atuluke ngati olimba. Kenako amasungunula kuti golide woyengayo asamakhalepo. Kufunika kwa golide padziko lonse lapansi, motsogozedwa ndi zinthu monga kupanga zodzikongoletsera, ndalama, ndi ntchito mafakitale, zikutanthauza kuti sodium cyanide wambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba golide padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, nkhani zilizonse zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide m'nkhaniyi, monga kusamalira bwino, kusungirako, ndi zoyendetsa, zimakopa chidwi chachikulu chifukwa cha kufunikira kwachuma kwa makampani.

Ntchito Zina Zamakampani

Sodium cyanide imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ena. M'munda wa electroplating, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chigawo chimodzi m'malo osambira. Imathandiza kukwaniritsa zokutira zosalala komanso zofananira zazitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki pamagawo osiyanasiyana. Popanga mankhwala achilengedwe, sodium cyanide imakhala ngati chinthu chofunikira poyambira. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala enaake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa gulu la cyano (-CN) mu mamolekyu achilengedwe, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti apange mankhwala ambiri ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa, mapulasitiki, ndi utoto. M'makampani opanga utoto, imakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu monga (cyanuric chloride), yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga utoto wokhazikika komanso imagwira ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zowunikira. Poganizira kufunika kwake m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, kusokonekera kulikonse pakupereka, kasamalidwe, kapena chitetezo cha sodium cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu zachuma.

Zochitika ndi Zotsatira Zake

Zochitika zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide zathandiziranso kutchuka kwake pamaso pa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa Tianjin mu 2015 kunali chochitika chomvetsa chisoni chomwe chinabweretsa sodium cyanide powonekera. Pamalo ophulikawo, anapeza kuti pali matani 700 a sodium cyanide, omwe anali oposa 70 malire ovomerezeka. Kuphulikaku kunadzetsa nkhawa za kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiriwa m'chilengedwe. Ngati sodium cyanide ikanatulutsidwa ndikukumana ndi madzi kapena kutentha kwambiri, ikanapanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, chinthu chowopsa komanso chosasunthika. Hydrogen cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ikakokedwa ndipo imatha kufalikira mwachangu mumlengalenga, ndikuyika miyoyo ya anthu oyandikana nawo pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale akuluakulu aku China adachitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti athetse vutoli, monga kuchiritsa kutaya ndi hydrogen peroxide kuti achepetse kupangika kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri, zomwe zidachitikazi zidawonetsabe kuopsa kwakukulu kokhudzana ndi kusungidwa ndi kusamalira sodium cyanide. Kuzindikira kwa anthu za kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide kunakula kwambiri, ndipo zinapangitsa kuti anthu aziwunika kwambiri malamulo a chitetezo ndi machitidwe m'mafakitale omwe amagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide ndi mkulu poizoni, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ofunika kwambiri monga migodi ya golide ndi kupanga mankhwala, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zazikulu zonse zimathandizira kuti ikhale ngati mankhwala omwe amawonedwa kwambiri. Kufunika kogwirizanitsa ntchito zake zamafakitale ndi njira zotetezeka zotetezera thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri.