Kodi zofunika kwambiri ziyenera kutsatiridwa bwanji ponyamula sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide ndi zofunika zofunika mankhwala zopangira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake kwambiri, kutayikira kulikonse kapena kusagwira bwino nthawi thiransipoti zingawononge kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Choncho, mayendedwe a Sodium Cyanide ayenera kutsatira zofunika kwambiri.

1. Kutsata Kovomerezeka

1.1 Ndondomeko Yazamalamulo

M'mayiko ambiri, mayendedwe a sodium cyanide imayendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, Dipatimenti Yoona za Mayendedwe (DOT) ili ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane mu Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Mutu 49. Malamulowa akukhudza zinthu monga kulongedza katundu, kulemba zilembo, kuika zikwangwani, ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito zamayendedwe. Ku China, "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" imafotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira zoyendetsera chitetezo pakunyamula mankhwala oopsa kwambiri monga. Sodium cyanide. Ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kupeza zilolezo zogulitsa mankhwala olamulidwa ndi maboma adziko asanatumize, ndipo chikalata chomaliza chogwiritsira ntchito chimafunikira kuti apeze chilolezo chotumizira kunja.

1.2 Zilolezo ndi Zilolezo

Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe amayenera kupeza zilolezo ndi ziphaso zenizeni zonyamula sodium cyanide. Zilolezozi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi madipatimenti aboma oyenerera pambuyo powunikiranso mwatsatanetsatane kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha kampani, zida zamayendedwe, ndi ziyeneretso za ogwira nawo ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ponyamula katundu woopsa ku European Union, makampani akuyenera kutsatira malamulo a ADR (European Agreement concerning International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) ndikupeza ziphaso zofunikira za ADR.

2. Kuyika ndi Kulemba zilembo

2.1 Zida Zoyikira

• Solid Sodium Cyanide: Solid sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri amanyamulidwa mu ng'oma zachitsulo zolemera 50 kg. Ma ng'oma awa ali ndi matumba amkati a PE kuti asatayike. Mabokosi a plywood okhala ndi ukonde wolemera makilogalamu 1000, okhala ndi matumba amkati a PE ndi PP, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Zida zoyikamo ziyenera kukhala zokhala ndi dzimbiri - zosagwira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti zithe kupirira kugwiridwa bwino komanso kugwedezeka kwamayendedwe.

• Sodium Cyanide Solution: Aqueous sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri amanyamulidwa mu "zolimba - kudzaza" (zotsekedwa - loop). Pamayendedwe a njanji, imakwezedwa kapena kutsitsa m'magalimoto a njanji kudzera pamapaipi amankhwala kapena PTFE - mikono yonyamula. Magalimoto akasinja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula sodium cyanide solution akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za DOT, monga MC 307 kapena zotengera za ISO za mankhwala otsika kwambiri. Ma trailer onse ayenera kukhala ndi ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika, ndipo omwe ali ndi malo otsika ayenera kukhala ndi ma valve oyimitsa akutali.

2.2 Kulemba ndi Kulemba

• Chenjezo Labels: Maphukusi onse okhala ndi sodium cyanide ayenera kulembedwa momveka bwino ndi zilembo zochenjeza. Zolemba zimenezi ziyenera kusonyeza dzina la mankhwalawo, poizoni wake, ndi machenjezo ofunikira owopsa, monga “Poizoni,” “Poizoni Wokoka Pokoka mpweya,” ndi “Ngozi: Ingayambitse Imfa.” Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala m'chinenero chosavuta kumva m'dera lamayendedwe.

• Makabati: Magalimoto onyamula sodium cyanide ayenera kusonyeza zikwangwani zoyenera mbali zonse zinayi. Zikwangwanizi ndi zazikulu, zooneka ngati diamondi zomwe zimadziwika bwino kuti katunduyo ndi woopsa. Kwa sodium cyanide, placard idzawonetsa nambala ya UN (UN1689 ya sodium cyanide yolimba ndi UN3414 ya sodium cyanide solution), kalasi (Kalasi 6.1. yoimira zinthu zapoizoni), ndi chizindikiro choyenera choopsa.

3. Zida Zoyendera ndi Zofunikira

3.1 Zofunikira zamagalimoto

• Mayendedwe a Sitima: Sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri imatumizidwa mu 26.000 - galoni DOT - 111 magalimoto otsekedwa kapena osatsekedwa ndi ma valve otetezeka. Magalimoto a njanji ali ndi mainchesi akunja pafupifupi 9 mapazi ndi kutalika konse kwa 45 - 55 mapazi, ndi 6 'x 6' pakati kutsegulira kapena kutsekereza mabokosi owonongeka. Magalimoto ama tanki amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti aone ngati akuwonongeka, kutayikira, kapena kuwonongeka.

• Mayendedwe Amayendedwe: Magalimoto amatanki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zotetezeka. Ayenera kukhala ndi zida zachitetezo monga zotsekera mwadzidzidzi - ma valve, ma geji othamanga, ndi chitetezo cha anti-rollover. Magalimoto amayeneranso kukhala ndi mabuleki odalirika komanso osamalidwa bwino kuti azitha kuyenda bwino pamsewu.

• Kutengerapo Kwadongosolo: Ponyamula sodium cyanide ndi mpweya, kusamala kwapadera kumafunika. Mwachitsanzo, pomwe matani 25.7 a cyanide amafunikira kunyamulidwa kuchokera ku Xi'an kupita ku Mongolia, wonyamulayo adatenga njira zingapo zotetezera. Katunduyo anali atanyamula "chikwama chosindikizidwa chamkati + phukusi lakunja lachitsulo". Ng'oma zachitsulo zodzazidwa ndi sodium cyanide zidakhazikika pa tray yokakamiza kuti zisagundane komanso kuyenda pakuuluka. Oyendetsa ndege nthawi zambiri amagawira anthu odziwa bwino ntchito za ndege zonyamula katundu.

3.2 Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe

• Kuwongolera Kutentha ndi Chinyezi: Sodium cyanide iyenera kunyamulidwa pamalo omwe amapewa kutentha komanso chinyezi. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwamankhwala, ndipo chinyezi chingapangitse kuti sodium cyanide yolimba itenge chinyezi ndikutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide. Magalimoto ndi malo osungira ayenera kukhala ndi zida zoyenera zowongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi ngati kuli kofunikira.

• Kupewa Kugwedezeka ndi Kugwedezeka: Poyenda, galimotoyo iyenera kupewa kugwedezeka kwambiri komanso kugwedezeka. Kuyendetsa movutikira, monga kutsika mabuleki modzidzimutsa pafupipafupi komanso kutembenukira chakuthwa, kumatha kupangitsa kuti mapaketiwo agundane ndikuwononga zotengerazo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitayike. Choncho, madalaivala ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuyendetsa bwino komanso kupewa zinthu ngati zimenezi.

4. Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito ndi Njira Zachitetezo

4.1 Zofunikira pa Maphunziro

• General Awareness Training: Onse ogwira nawo ntchito pamayendedwe a sodium cyanide, kuphatikiza madalaivala, onyamula katundu, ndi oyang'anira, ayenera kulandira maphunziro odziwitsa za zinthu zowopsa. Maphunzirowa akuphatikizapo kudziwa za sodium cyanide, zoopsa zomwe zingabweretse, komanso njira zotetezera zoyenera kutsatira.

• Ntchito - Maphunziro Okhazikika: Ogwira ntchito akuyeneranso kulandira ntchito - maphunziro apadera okhudzana ndi udindo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, madalaivala ayenera kudziwa momwe angayankhire pakagwa mwadzidzidzi panthawi yamayendedwe, monga kutaya kapena ngozi yagalimoto. Onyamula katundu ayenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zoyenera zopatsira ndi kutsitsa kuti katundu ndi iwowo akhale otetezeka.

• Maphunziro Obwerezabwereza: Maphunziro obwerezabwereza ndi ofunikira kuti chidziwitso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito likhalepo. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse amadziwa malamulo atsopano otetezeka komanso njira zabwino zoyendetsera sodium cyanide.

4.2 Njira Zachitetezo

• Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE): Pogwira sodium cyanide, ogwira ntchito onse ayenera kuvala PPE yoyenera. Izi zikuphatikizapo magolovesi amphira, ma apuloni, nsapato, magalasi, ndi fumbi - masks otsimikizira kapena gasi. PPE imathandiza kupewa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mankhwala komanso pokoka mpweya wake wapoizoni.

• magawanidwe: Malo okweza ndi kutsitsa, komanso mkati mwa magalimoto oyendera, ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Mpweya wabwino ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wapoizoni mumlengalenga ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chokoka mpweya ndi ogwira ntchito. M'madera omwe sodium cyanide imayendetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, makina opangira mpweya wabwino ayenera kuikidwa.

• Mapulani Oyankhira Mwadzidzidzi: Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe amayenera kukhala ndi mapulani atsatanetsatane adzidzidzi. Mapulaniwa ayenera kufotokoza ndondomeko zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ngati kutaya, kutaya, kapena zina zadzidzidzi. Mapulaniwo ayenera kukhala ndi mauthenga okhudzana ndi mabungwe okhudzidwa ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi, monga madipatimenti ozimitsa moto, mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe, ndi malo oletsa poizoni.

5. Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi ndi Kuwongolera Kutayika

5.1 Dongosolo Loyankhira Mwadzidzidzi

• Njira zomwe zidakonzedweratu: Pakachitika ngozi kapena kutayika kwa sodium cyanide, ndondomeko yoyankhirako mwadzidzidzi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Dongosololi liyenera kutsata ndondomeko zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika pofuna kuteteza moyo wa anthu, kupewa kufalikira kwa kutayikira, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, iyenera kufotokoza momwe mungatulukire malo ozungulira, momwe mungakhalire ndi kutaya, komanso momwe mungachepetsere sodium cyanide.

• Communication: Kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi kothandiza ndikofunikira pakagwa ngozi. Kampani ya zamayendedwe iyenera kudziwitsa mwachangu mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi, komanso akuluakulu oyang'anira. Kuonjezera apo, njira zoyankhulirana ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi anthu oyandikana nawo kuti awadziwitse za momwe zinthu zilili komanso njira zopulumutsira kapena chitetezo.

5.2 Kuwongolera Kutaya

• Chotulukapo: Pamene kutaya kwatayika, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kukhala ndi sodium cyanide kuti isafalikire. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyamwa, monga mchenga kapena kutayikira kwapadera - kuwongolera ma boom. Malo ozungulira malo otayirawo ayenera kukhala otchingidwa kuti asalowemo mosaloledwa.

• Kusalowerera ndale: Madzi a hydrogen cyanide (opangidwa pamene sodium cyanide imachita ndi madzi) ndi sodium cyanide yotsalayo iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, oxidizing amphamvu monga hydrogen peroxide kapena sodium thiosulfate angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira ya neutralization iyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa motsatira njira zotetezera.

• Kuyeretsa ndi Kutaya: Pambuyo pa neutralization, zipangizo zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo zowonongeka ndi nthaka kapena madzi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutaya, ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikutayidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatengera kutengera zinthuzo kumalo otayirako zinyalala zangozi zomwe zili ndi chilolezo kuti zithetsedwe bwino.

Pomaliza, kayendedwe ka sodium cyanide ndi ntchito yoyendetsedwa bwino komanso yotetezeka - yofunika kwambiri. Potsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira zonse zokhudzana ndi Kutsatira Koyang'anira, kulongedza katundu, zipangizo zoyendetsera ntchito, maphunziro a anthu ogwira ntchito, ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi, kuopsa kwa kunyamula mankhwala oopsa kwambiri kungathe kuchepetsedwa bwino, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu ndi chilengedwe.