Sodium Cyanide: Mankhwala Amphamvu Okhala ndi Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana Zamakampani

Introduction

Sodium cyanide , yomwe imayimiridwa ndi mankhwala monga NaCN, ndi chinthu choyera cha kristalo chomwe chili ndi malo ofunikira m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera. Ngakhale kuti imadziwika kuti ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga migodi, kupanga mankhwala, ndi electroplating. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za makhalidwe, ntchito zamafakitale , zoopsa, ndi njira zotetezera zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Sodium Cyanide.

Zakudya Zamakono

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chosapangidwa chomwe chili m'gulu la cyanides . Chimapangidwa kudzera mu reaction ya sodium hydroxide ndi hydrogen cyanide. Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchitochi chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndipo reactivity yake ndi ma acid ndi yofunika kwambiri. Sodium cyanide ikachita reaction ndi ma acid, imatha kupanga mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide.

Sodium cyanide imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi zitsulo zina. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, pakakhala mpweya, imatha kusungunula golide ndi siliva, ndikupanga mankhwala ovuta a cyanide. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga migodi ya golide.

Mapulogalamu a Industrial

Migodi Yagolide

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide ndi ntchito yamigodi ya golide. Njira ya "cyanide leaching process" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide m'miyala. Pochita izi, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula tinthu tating'ono ta golide mu ore, kupanga zosungunuka zagolide za cyanide. Ma complex awa amatha kupatulidwa ndi matrix ore ndikukonzedwanso kuti apeze golide weniweni. Njira yochotsera cyanide ndiyothandiza kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yodziwika bwino pakukumba golide padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, zimabweretsanso nkhawa zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ka sodium cyanide.

Chemical Synthesis

Sodium cyanide amagwira ntchito ngati kalambulabwalo wofunikira pakupanga mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotumphukira zingapo zomwe zimapeza ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, mankhwala opangidwa ndi cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala monga penicillin, vitamini B6. ndi kupatsidwa folic acid. M'makampani agrochemical, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yopanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga glyphosate ndi cyanofenphos. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kupanga utoto ndi utoto, monga indigo ndi phthalocyanine blue.

Pachikuz

Mu electroplating, sodium cyanide ndi gawo lofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka zitsulo monga golidi, siliva, mkuwa, ndi zinki pamwamba pa zitsulo zina. Sodium cyanide imathandizira kupanga yunifolomu ndi zokutira zachitsulo pothandizira kuyika kwa ayoni zitsulo kuchokera ku electrolyte kupita ku gawo lapansi. Zimathandizanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma deposition ndikuwongolera mtundu wa mbande zopukutidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, njira zina zopanda cyanide electroplating zikupangidwa ndikutengera nthawi zina.

Zowopsa ndi Njira Zachitetezo

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide kumabwera ndi zoopsa zazikulu chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri. Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi sodium cyanide kapena mankhwala ake akhoza kupha. Ikalowa m'thupi, sodium cyanide imalekanitsa kutulutsa ayoni a cyanide. Ma ions awa amamangiriza ku enzyme yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kupuma kwa ma cell, ndikulepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa enzyme. Izi zimalepheretsa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimatsogolera ku hypoxia ya minofu ndipo pamapeto pake imfa.

Kuonetsetsa chitetezo pogwira sodium cyanide, ndondomeko zokhwima ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Ogwira ntchito popanga, kuyendetsa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mozama za kuopsa kwake ndi njira zoyendetsera bwino. Zida zodzitetezera (PPE), kuphatikizapo magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma, ziyenera kuvalidwa nthawi zonse. Malo osungiramo sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, wotetezedwa, komanso wokonzedwa kuti asatayike komanso kuti asatayike. Pakatayikira kapena kutulutsa, njira zoyenera zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi, monga kuletsa ndi kusalowerera ndale pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera monga sodium thiosulfate, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mphamvu Zachilengedwe

Kutaya kosayenera kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe. Ngati itatulutsidwa m'madzi, sodium cyanide imatha kusungunuka ndi kutulutsa ayoni a cyanide, omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri ku zamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale pamalo otsika kwambiri, cyanide imatha kuvulaza nsomba, zamoyo zopanda msana, ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi, ndikusokoneza zamoyo zam'madzi. M'nthaka, sodium cyanide imathanso kuwononga tizirombo ta m'nthaka komanso kukula kwa mbewu.

Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide amayenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe. Malamulowa amayang'anira kasungidwe, kasamalidwe, ndi kutaya kwa sodium cyanide kuti achepetse kutulutsidwa kwake ku chilengedwe. Njira zochiritsira za cyanide - zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi otayira, monga okosijeni wamankhwala, chithandizo chachilengedwe, ndi kusinthana kwa ayoni, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kapena kutulutsa cyanide madzi onyansa asanatulutsidwe.

Zowongolera

Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, sodium cyanide imatsatiridwa ndi malamulo okhwima padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko, ndi zigawo. Malamulowa amakhudza mbali zonse za sodium cyanide, kuchokera pakupanga ndi kunyamula kupita ku kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutaya kwake. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) akhazikitsa malamulo owonetsetsa kuti sodium cyanide ikugwira ntchito bwino. Mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kutsatira malamulowa, omwe amaphatikizanso zofunikira pakulemba zilembo zoyenera, kusungirako, komanso kukonzekera kuyankha mwadzidzidzi.

Njira zina za Sodium Cyanide

Chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide, pali chidwi chokulirapo pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina. M'makampani a migodi ya golide, mwachitsanzo, thiosulfate leaching ikufufuzidwa ngati m'malo mwa cyanide leaching. Thiosulfate ndi reagent yochepa poizoni yomwe ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa golide mu miyala. Komabe, thiosulfate leaching ili ndi zovuta zake, monga kukwera mtengo kwa reagent komanso kuwongolera njira zovuta. Njira zina zomwe zikufufuzidwa ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito njira za bioleaching, zomwe zimadalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti titulutse zitsulo kuchokera ku ore, ndi mankhwala omwe si a cyanide monga njira za halide.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe ake apadera amakina amachititsa kuti ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pamigodi ya golide, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala, ndi electroplating. Komabe, kawopsedwe kake kwambiri komanso kuthekera kowononga chilengedwe kumafuna njira zotetezedwa komanso kutsata malamulo. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kufunafuna njira zina zochiritsira komanso zotetezeka, kafukufuku wokhudza kuchotsa sodium cyanide ndi zinthu zosaopsa kwambiri akupitirirabe. Pakali pano, kagwiridwe koyenera, kasungidwe, ndi kutaya sodium cyanide n’kofunika kwambiri kuti kuchepetsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe.