Mafotokozedwe Wamba ndi Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, ngakhale kuti ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ndi chinthu choyera, cholimba cha kristalo chomwe chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Nkhaniyi ifufuza momwe sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Malingaliro Amodzi

Ukhondo Milingo

• 98% Chiyero : Iyi ndi kalasi yomwe imapezeka pamsika. Pa Sodium Cyanide yolimba , pamlingo uwu wa chiyero, gawo lalikulu, Sodium cyanide (NaCN), liyenera kukhalapo osachepera 98.0%. Pamodzi ndi izi, magawo ena monga kuchuluka kwa NaOH ayenera kukhala ≤0.3%, Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, chinyezi ≤0.2%, ndi zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi ≤0.01%. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana komwe kumafunika chiyero chapamwamba koma osati molondola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'njira zina zotsukira zitsulo, 98% pure sodium cyanide iyi imatha kuchotsa bwino ma oxides ndi zodetsa pamwamba.

• 99% Chiyero : Poyimira mtundu wapamwamba, sodium cyanide yolimba yokhala ndi chiyero cha 99% ili ndi zofunikira zokhwima kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa NaCN kuyenera kukhala ≥99.0%, ndi chinyezi ≤0.5%, zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi ≤0.01%, cyanide ≤0.01%, chloride ≤0.20%, ndi sulfate ≤0.07%. Mtundu wapamwamba uwu wa chiyero nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito komwe kukhalapo kwa zonyansa kungasokoneze zochita za mankhwala. Pakupanga njira zina zapamwamba kwambiri zokonzera magetsi, 99% sodium cyanide yoyera imathandiza kupeza chophimba chachitsulo chofanana komanso chapamwamba kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe Athupi

• Cholimba : Sodium cyanide imapezeka kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe olimba, omwe amatha kukhala ngati mabuloko, tinthu ta kristalo, kapena ufa. Mitundu yolimba ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti isungidwe mosavuta komanso kunyamulidwa patali. Mtundu wolimbawu sungatayike kwambiri panthawi yoyenda poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'matumba otsekedwa kawiri mkati mwa bokosi lamatabwa, nthawi zambiri yolemera pafupifupi tani imodzi. Sodium cyanide yolimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga migodi pochotsa golide. Ma briquette, omwe ndi oyera pafupifupi 98% ndipo amawoneka oyera, amafanana ndi ma briquette a makala ndipo ndi osavuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito pantchito zazikulu zofukula migodi.

• Madzi : Sodium cyanide yamadzimadzi, ngakhale kuti si yofala kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zoyendera ndi kusunga, ikupezekanso. Kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yamadzimadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magwiritsidwe ena ndi 30%. Mu mawonekedwe awa, kuchuluka kwa NaCN kuyenera kukhala ≥30.0%, ndi NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, NaCl ≤0.027%, ndi NaCOOH ≤0.60%, ndi APHA (muyeso wa mtundu) ≤100. Sodium cyanide yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena komwe kumafunika mtundu wofanana komanso wosavuta kufalikira wa mankhwala, monga njira zina zochotsera migodi.

Ma Scenarios ofunsira

Makampani Amigodi

• Kutulutsa Golide ndi Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali : Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukumba golide ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali. Njira imeneyi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyanide leaching kapena gold cyanidation, imagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya golide (I) ku cyanide. Pakakhala mpweya (oxygen) ndi madzi, golide wachitsulo umasungunuka ndikusungunuka, ndikupanga golide wa cyanide (kapena golide wa sodium cyanide) ndi sodium hydroxide. Machitidwe a mankhwala amatha kuimiridwa motere: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ma ores otsika amatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yotsika mtengo yotulutsira golide. Mtundu wolimba wa sodium cyanide, makamaka 98% briquettes zoyera, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zazikulu zokumba chifukwa cha kusavuta kwawo kugwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa chogwiritsira ntchito.

Makampani Amisiri

• Kupanga kwa Nitriles : Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poyambitsa kupanga nitriles. Cyanide ion (CN⁻) mu sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati nucleophile, kupereka ma electron awiri kuti apange mgwirizano wa mankhwala. Nitriles ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, acrylonitrile, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa monga acrylic komanso popanga mapulasitiki, imatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati gawo lofunikira.

• Kupanga Hydrocyanic Acid ndi Zina Za Cyanides : Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydrocyanic acid (HCN), yomwe ndi njira yoyambira mankhwala ena ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za cyanides monga potassium cyanide (KCN), cyanuric chloride, ndi cyanogen chloride. Ma Cyanides amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa electroplating mpaka kupanga mankhwala.

Metal Processing

• Kuyeretsa Zitsulo : Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira zitsulo. Imatha kuchotsa bwino ma oxide pamwamba ndi dothi kuchokera ku zitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chitsulocho pakhale bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zomwe pamwamba pa chitsulo pamafunika kuti pakhale njira zochiritsira monga kupaka utoto, kuphimba, kapena kusungunula. Kuthekera kwa sodium cyanide kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma oxide achitsulo ndikusungunula kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pokonzekera pamwamba pa chitsulo.

• Kupaka Ma Electroplating : Pakuyika ma electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zoyika ma electroplating. Imathandiza kuyika chitsulo chopyapyala pa substrate, kukonza mawonekedwe, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kuwonongeka kwa chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyika ma siliva, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bafa lopaka ma plating kuti ithandize kuyika ma ayoni asiliva ofanana pa chinthu chomwe chikupakidwa. Kuyera kwa sodium cyanide, makamaka 99% grade, ndikofunikira pakuyika ma electroplating kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitsulocho chili ndi utoto wapamwamba komanso wokhazikika.

Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala

• Pakati pa Kupanga Mankhwala : Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakati pa kupanga mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (ochepetsa ululu) ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito pakupanga mankhwala omwe amapanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwalawa. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wake woopsa, njira zodzitetezera zimatsatiridwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.

Mapulogalamu Ena

• Pakupanga utoto : Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto. Imagwira ntchito mu zochita za mankhwala zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma chromophores (gawo la molekyulu yomwe imapereka mtundu) mu utoto. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto, monga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga nsalu, ingafunike sodium cyanide popanga utoto.

• Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ngakhale kuti si ofala kwambiri) : M'mbuyomu, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wake waukulu kwa zamoyo zomwe sizili m'gulu la anthu, komanso kuthekera kowononga chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwachepa kwambiri.

Zilingaliro Za Chitetezo

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Zitha kupha munthu ngati atazikoka, atamwa pakhungu, kapena kumumeza. Ngakhale pang'ono, osachepera 5 mg / kg kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu 70 - kg, akhoza kupha. Ikakhudzana ndi mpweya wonyowa kapena madzi, imatulutsa mpweya wowononga, woyaka, komanso wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chokhazikika chiyenera kutsatiridwa pogwira, kusunga, ndi kunyamula sodium cyanide. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kupatsidwa zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, komanso mpweya wabwino uyenera kukhalapo kuti asapangike - mpweya wapoizoni.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, ngakhale ili ndi poizoni wambiri, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera. Zodziwika bwino za 98% ndi 99% zoyera mumitundu yolimba ndi yamadzimadzi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani osiyanasiyana. Kuyambira migodi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mpaka kupanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala, ntchito zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwachitetezo chokhazikika komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire kukhala bwino kwa ogwira ntchito ndi chilengedwe.