Mafotokozedwe Wamba ndi Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, ngakhale ali ndi poizoni kwambiri. Ndi yoyera, yolimba ya crystalline yomwe imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Nkhaniyi ifufuza zomwe zimafanana sodium cyanide ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Malingaliro Amodzi

Ukhondo Milingo

• 98% Chiyero: Iyi ndi giredi yomwe imapezeka pamsika. Kwa olimba Sodium Cyanide, pamlingo uwu wachiyero, gawo lalikulu, Sodium cyanide (NaCN), iyenera kukhalapo osachepera 98.0%. Pamodzi ndi izi, magawo ena monga NaOH okhutira ayenera kukhala ≤0.3%, Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, chinyezi ≤0.2%, ndi zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi ≤0.01%. Kalasiyi ndi yoyenera pazantchito zambiri zamakampani komwe kumayenera kukhala koyera kwambiri koma osati kulondola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'njira zina zoyeretsera zitsulo, 98% ya sodium cyanide yoyera imatha kuchotsa bwino ma oxide ndi zowononga.

• 99% Chiyero: Kuyimira kalasi yapamwamba, sodium cyanide yolimba yokhala ndi 99% yoyera imakhala ndi njira zolimba kwambiri. Zomwe zili mu NaCN ziyenera kukhala ≥99.0%, ndi chinyezi ≤0.5%, zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi ≤0.01%, cyanide ≤0.01%, chloride ≤0.20%, ndi sulfate ≤0.07%. Kuyera kwapamwamba kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe kukhalapo kwa zonyansa kumatha kusokoneza machitidwe amankhwala. Popanga njira zina zapamwamba za electroplating, 99% yoyera ya sodium cyanide imathandizira kukwaniritsa zokutira zachitsulo zofananira komanso zapamwamba kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe Athupi

• olimba: Sodium cyanide imapezeka mu mawonekedwe olimba, omwe amatha kukhala ngati midadada, crystalline particles, kapena ufa. Mafomu olimba amawakonda kuti asungidwe mosavuta komanso aziyenda mtunda wautali. Mawonekedwe olimba sangatayike panthawi yaulendo poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri amanyamula m'matumba osindikizidwa kawiri mkati mwa matabwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amalemera pafupifupi tani imodzi. Solid sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya makampani a migodi za kuchotsa golide. Ma briquette, omwe ali pafupifupi 98% oyera komanso owoneka ngati oyera, amafanana ndi malasha ndipo ndi osavuta kugwiridwa ndi ntchito zazikulu zamigodi.

• Zamadzi: Madzi amadzimadzi a sodium cyanide, ngakhale kuti sapezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zovuta zoyendetsa ndi kusunga, amapezekanso. Mulingo wamba wa sodium cyanide womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina ndi 30%. Mu fomu iyi, zomwe zili mu NaCN ziyenera kukhala ≥30.0%, ndi NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, NaCl ≤0.027%, ndi NaCOOH ≤0.60%, ndi APHA (muyeso wa mtundu) mtengo ≤100. Madzi amadzimadzi a sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena pomwe pamafunika mawonekedwe osakanikirana komanso omwazika mosavuta, monga m'njira zina zochotsera migodi.

Ma Scenarios ofunsira

Makampani Amigodi

• Golide ndi Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali: Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokumba golide ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali. Izi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti cyanide leaching kapena golide cyanidation, zimatengera mwayi wolumikizana kwambiri ndi golide (I) kupita ku cyanide. Pamaso pa mpweya (oxygen) ndi madzi, golide zitsulo oxidize ndi dissolves, kupanga golide cyanide (kapena golide sodium cyanide) ndi sodium hydroxide. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kuyimiridwa motere: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ores otsika amatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala njira yotsika mtengo yochotsera golide. Mtundu wolimba wa sodium cyanide, makamaka 98% wa mabriquette oyera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochita migodi yayikulu chifukwa cha kusavuta kugwira komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira.

Makampani Amisiri

• Kuphatikizika kwa Nitriles: Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira poyambira pakupanga ma nitriles. Cyanide ion (CN⁻) mu sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati nucleophile, kupereka ma electron awiri kuti apange mgwirizano wa mankhwala. Nitriles ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri mu mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, acrylonitrile, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa ngati acrylic komanso kupanga mapulasitiki, imatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati chinthu chapakati.

• Kupanga kwa Hydrocyanic Acid ndi Ma Cyanides Ena: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydrocyanic acid (HCN), yomwe ndi kalambulabwalo wa mankhwala ena ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana cyanides monga potaziyamu cyanide (KCN), cyanuric chloride, ndi cyanogen chloride. Izi Cyanides pezani ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku electroplating kupita ku chemical synthesis.

Metal Processing

• Kuyeretsa Zitsulo: Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira zitsulo. Imatha kuchotsa bwino ma oxides apamtunda ndi dothi kuchokera kuzitsulo, ndikuwongolera chitsulo pamwamba. Izi ndizofunikira m'njira zomwe zitsulo zoyera zimafunikira pazithandizo zotsatiridwa monga kujambula, zokutira, kapena soldering. Kutha kwa sodium cyanide kuchitapo kanthu ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndikuzisungunula kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pokonzekera zitsulo.

• Pachikuz: Mu electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mayankho a electroplating. Zimathandizira kuyika chitsulo chochepa kwambiri pagawo, kukonza mawonekedwe, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kwa chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, mu plating ya siliva, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito posamba kuti athandizire kuyika yunifolomu ya ayoni asiliva pa chinthu chomwe chikukutidwa. Kuyera kwa sodium cyanide, makamaka kalasi ya 99%, ndikofunikira pakupanga ma electroplating kuti muwonetsetse zokutira zachitsulo zapamwamba komanso zosasinthika.

Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala

• Wapakatikati mu Kuphatikizika Kwamankhwala: Sodium cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wapakatikati mu synthesis mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (ochepetsa ululu) ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito popanga mankhwala omwe amapanga zitsulo zazikulu zopangira mankhwalawa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, malamulo okhwima otetezedwa amatsatiridwa panthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.

Mapulogalamu Ena

• Popanga utoto: Sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto. Imagwira nawo ntchito zamakhemikhali zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma chromophores (gawo la molekyulu yomwe imapereka utoto) mu utoto. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto, monga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga nsalu, ingafunike sodium cyanide pakupanga kwawo.

• Monga rodenticide (ngakhale zochepa): M'mbuyomu, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rodenticide. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake kwambiri kwa zamoyo zomwe sazifuna komanso anthu, komanso kuthekera kowononga chilengedwe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati rodenticide kwachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Zilingaliro Za Chitetezo

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Zitha kupha munthu ngati atazikoka, atamwa pakhungu, kapena kumumeza. Ngakhale pang'ono, osachepera 5 mg / kg kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu 70 - kg, akhoza kupha. Ikakhudzana ndi mpweya wonyowa kapena madzi, imatulutsa mpweya wowononga, woyaka, komanso wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chokhazikika chiyenera kutsatiridwa pogwira, kusunga, ndi kunyamula sodium cyanide. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kupatsidwa zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, komanso mpweya wabwino uyenera kukhalapo kuti asapangike - mpweya wapoizoni.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, ngakhale ili ndi poizoni wambiri, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera. Zodziwika bwino za 98% ndi 99% zoyera mumitundu yolimba ndi yamadzimadzi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani osiyanasiyana. Kuyambira migodi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mpaka kupanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala, ntchito zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwachitetezo chokhazikika komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire kukhala bwino kwa ogwira ntchito ndi chilengedwe.