Cyanide-Ine Wastewater Kuchenesa Nzira uye Maitiro kubva kuCyanide Tailings

Muindasitiri yezvicherwa, kutorwa kwesimbi dzinokosha kunowanzobatanidza kushandiswa kwe cyanide, iyo inogadzira huwandu hwakakosha hwemvura ine tsvina ine cyanide kubva cyanide miswe. Mvura yetsvina iyi ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inokonzeresa njodzi kunharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu kana ikasabatwa nemazvo. Naizvozvo, nzira dzekurapa dzinoshanda uye maitiro akakosha pakuona budiriro inoenderera muchikamu chemigodhi. Ichi chinyorwa chichazivisa zvizere nzira dzekurapa uye maitiro ecyanide-ine tsvina yemvura kubva kune cyanide tailings.

1. Kukosha Kwekurapa Cyanide-Ine Mvura Yakasviba kubva kuCyanide Tailings

Cyanide chinhu chine muchetura chakanyanya chinogona kutadzisa mashandiro emasero ekufema ma enzymes, zvichikonzera kufa kwesero. Kunyangwe pakudzika kwakadzika, cyanide inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu zvemumvura, ichikanganisa kuenzana kwezvisikwa zvemitumbi yemvura. Kana cyanide ine tsvina ine cyanide ikapinda muvhu kana pasi pevhu, inogona kusvibisa zvitubu zvemvura zvakakosha pakunwa kwevanhu uye kudiridza kwekurima, zvichiisa mungozi hutano hwevanhu nekurima. Kunyatsobata iyi tsvina haingori chinodikanwa chemitemo yekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza asiwo chiyero chinodiwa chekushanda kwakasimba kwemabhizinesi emigodhi.

2. Kazhinji Kurapa Nzira

2.1 Kemikari Oxidation

• Chlorination Oxidation: Iyi ndeimwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzemakemikari ekuoxidation. Zvinoshandiswa nechlorine, zvakaita sesodium hypochlorite necalcium hypochlorite, zvinowedzerwa mumvura yakasviba. Chlorine inosangana nemaion ecyanide kuti ioxide kuita cyanate isina chepfu kutanga, uye yozowedzera oxide cyanate mu kabhoni dioxide, nitrogen, nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina njodzi. Maitiro ekuita izvi anokurumidza, asi anofanira kudzora mwero we oxidant nemazvo kudzivirira kushandiswa kwe chlorine yakawandisa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza.

• Ozone Oxidation: Ozone ine yakasimba oxidizing zvivakwa. Kana yakashandiswa kurapa cyanide-ine tsvina yemvura, ozone inogona kuita zvakananga ne cyanide kuti iparadze iyo isiri-chepfu zvinhu. Ozone oxidation ine zvakanakira kusasvibiswa kwechipiri uye nepamusoro oxidation kunyatsoshanda. Nekudaro, mutengo wayo wekudyara wemidziyo wakakwira, uye kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweozone kunoda mamiriro ekushanda akasimba.

• Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide inogona zvakare oxidize cyanide mune mamwe mamiriro. Inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nezvinokonzeresa, senge iron salt, kuvandudza mwero weoxidation. Iyi nzira ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza, asi nguva yekuita inogona kunge yakareba, uye kusarudzwa kwezvinokonzera zvakakodzera uye maitiro ekuita zvakakosha pakubudirira kwekurapa.

2.2 Biological Treatment

Nzira dzekurapa dzeBiological dzinoshandisa tupukanana kusvibisa cyanide. Mamwe mabhakitiriya chaiwo anogona kushandisa cyanide sekabhoni sosi uye nitrogen sosi yekukura uye metabolism. Mukuita kwebiology kurapwa, mvura yetsvina inoda kucheneswa kuti ibvise zvinhu zvinokuvadza tupukanana, uyezve mvura yetsvina inounzwa mubiological treatment system, senge activated sludge system kana biofilm reactor. Iyo yakakwana nharaunda yekukura kwema microorganisms, anosanganisira tembiricha, pH kukosha, yakanyungudika okisijeni, nezvimwewo, inoda kuchengetedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwavo uye kuparara kwecyanide. Biological kurapwa ine zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera uye kushoma kwechipiri kusvibiswa, asi inotarisisa kunaka kwemvura yetsvina uye inoda kutenderera kwenguva refu.

2.3 Muviri-Chemical Nzira

• Ion Exchange: Ion inotsinhanisa maresheni ane chaiwo mabasa anogona kusarudza adsorb cyanide ions mumvura ine tsvina. Aya maresheni ane mapoka anoshanda anogona kuwirirana ne cyanide ions. Mushure mekunge maresheni akazara ne cyanide ions, anogona kuvandudzwa neakakodzera ekuzvarwa patsva, uye iyo cyanide ions inogona kudzoserwa kana kuwedzera kurapwa. Ion exchange ine high selectivity uye kurapa kwakanaka, asi mutengo we resin uye regeneration agents unofanirwa kutariswa, uye kurapwa kwemarara ekuvandudza kunodawo kutariswa.

• Membrane Separation: Membrane separation tekinoroji, senge reverse osmosis uye nanofiltration, inogona kupatsanura cyanide ions kubva mumvura ine tsvina nekushandisa yakasarudzika permeability ye membranes. Iyi nzira inogona kunyatso bvisa cyanide nezvimwe zvinosvibisa, uye mvura yakagadziriswa mhando yakanaka. Nekudaro, kupatsanurwa kwemembrane kunowanzoitika kune matambudziko ekutambisa membrane, ayo anoda kugara achicheneswa uye kugadzirisa ma membrane, achiwedzera mutengo wekushanda.

3. General Treatment Process

3.1 Kurapwa

Pamberi pekurapwa, iyo cyanide ine tsvina ine cyanide tailings inoda kugadzirwa. Danho iri rinonyanya kusanganisira kubvisa mahombe akamiswa, kugadzirisa pH kukosha kwemvura yakasviba, uye kusashanda zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro anotevera ekurapa. Semuyenzaniso, kushandiswa kwematangi ekudhakisa kunogona kubvisa zvakaturikwa zvakasimba, uye kuwedzera adhidhi yakakodzera kana alkali inogona kugadzirisa pH kukosha kwemvura yakasviba kusvika kune yakafanira kurapwa kunotevera.

3.2 Main Kurapa

Zvinoenderana neakasarudzwa nzira yekurapa, iyo pretreated tsvina inopinda muchikamu chikuru chekurapa. Kana ukashandisa kemikari oxidation, iyo inoenderana oxidant inowedzerwa zvinoenderana neyakaverengerwa dosi, uye mabatiro anoitwa mutangi rekuita nekukurudzira kwakakodzera kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kwakakwana pakati peiyo oxidant uye cyanide. Panyaya yekurapa kwebhaibheri, mvura yetsvina inounzwa mubiological treatment mudziyo, uye mashandisirwo emaparamita emuchina anogadziridzwa kuti achengetedze yakanyatsokura yenzvimbo yekukura kwema microorganisms. Kune nzira dzemuviri-kemikari, mvura yetsvina inopfuura nepainotsinhana makoramu kana membrane yekuparadzanisa michina kuti iwane kupatsanurwa uye kubviswa kwecyanide.

3.3 Mushure mekurapwa

Mushure mekurapa kukuru, mushure mekurapa kunodiwa kuti uwedzere kuchenesa mvura yakagadziriswa uye kuve nechokwadi kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekubuda. Kurapa mushure mekurapa kunogona kusanganisira maitiro akadai sekuwedzera kubviswa kwezvakasara zvinosvibisa, kugadzirisa kwemhando yemvura (senge pH kugadzirisa zvakare, kuderedzwa kwemakemikari okisijeni kudiwa), uye disinfection. Mvura yakacheneswa inoda kuyedzwa uye kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhando yayo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

4. Mafungiro Akakosha uye Mafambiro Emangwana

Munguva yekurapa maitiro, zvakakosha kubhadhara kune kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi kudzivirira cyanide chepfu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusarudzwa kwenzira dzekurapa uye maitiro anofanirwa kutarisisa zvizere zvinhu zvakaita semutengo wekurapa, kugona kurapwa, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mune ramangwana, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi, hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, uye inodhura-inodhura cyanide-ine tsvina yekuchenesa tekinoroji ichave maitiro ekusimudzira. Semuenzaniso, kusanganiswa kwemaitiro akawanda ekurapa, kugadzirwa kwezvinokonzeresa uye zvinhu zvemakemikari oxidation, uye optimization yebiological kurapwa maitiro kuvandudza kuparara kwecyanide.

Mukupedzisa, kurapwa kwecyanide-ine tsvina yemvura kubva kune cyanide tailings ibasa rakaoma asi rakakosha. Nekunzwisisa nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa nemaitiro, uye nekuramba tichiongorora uye nekuvandudza, tinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwecyanide, kuchengetedza nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza, uye kukurudzira budiriro yakadzikama yeindasitiri yezvicherwa.