Hurukuro pamusoro peTekinoroji yekuchera Goridhe neSodium Cyanide

ziviso

Ndarama, simbi inokosha inokosheswa zvikuru nokuda kwokushaikwa kwayo, kusanduka, uye kusaora, yave iri chiratidzo chepfuma uye nzira yokutsinhana nayo kwemazana emakore. Kubviswa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ayo inzira yakaoma yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Pakati penzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kushandiswa kwe Sodium cyanide in Kuchera goridhe, inozivikanwa secyanidation, ndiyo yave iri nzira huru kubvira kuma1970. Iyi blog positi inoongorora zvakadzama nezvehunyanzvi uhu, misimboti yekushanda, zvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza kufunga, uye tarisiro yeramangwana.

Basa reCyanide muKuchera Goridhe

Maitirwo eCyanide neGoridhe

Cyanide, chinhu chine makemikari kabhoni uye nitrogen, zvinoumba complex inonyunguduka ine goridhe kana paine okisijeni. Mhinduro yacho inogona kumiririrwa ne equation yemakemikari inotevera:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Mukuita uku, goridhe rinoiswa oxidized uye rinogadzira yakagadzikana, inonyungudika yakaoma, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Izvi zvinobvumira goridhe kuti riparadzaniswe kubva kune ore matrix uye kudzoreredzwa kuburikidza nemaitiro anotevera.

Mamiriro eKushanda Cyanidation

Kuti iyo cyanidation process ishande, mamiriro akati wandei anofanira kusangana. The concentration of Sodium Cyanide mukugadzirisa mhinduro inowanzobva pa100 ppm kusvika pa500 ppm (0.01% - 0.05%). Iyo pH level yakakodzera, kazhinji yakatenderedza 10 - 11. inochengetwa kudzivirira kuumbwa kwehydrogen cyanide gasi, iyo ine chepfu yakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvepo kweokisijeni kwakakosha, sezvo ichiita senge oxidizing mukuita. Nekudaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko, nekuda kwekunetsekana kwemitengo, kuiswa kweokisijeni yekuwedzera kukurumidzira nzira yekuregedza haisi nguva dzose inoitwa mumagiyo.

Iyo Cyanide Leaching process

Kugadzirira kweOre

Pamberi pecyanide leaching, iyo goridhe-inotakura ore inoda kugadzirirwa. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kupwanya nekukuya simbi kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yayo. Kana zvidimbu zveore zvakatsvinda, ndipo panobva pafumurwa goridhe iri kumushonga wecyanide, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kweLeaching. Mushure mekupwanya nekukuya, simbi inogona kugadziridzwa zvakare kuburikidza nekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti kana kutenderera kuti ibvise mamwe emaminerari e gangue uye kuisa chikamu chinotakura goridhe.

Heap Leaching

Heap leaching inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukucherwa kwegoridhe kwakakura. Mukuita uku, ore yakagadzirirwa inoturikidzwa mumirwi mikuru pane liner isingapindiki. A dilute solution ye sodium cyanide inobva yapfapfaidzwa kana kudonhedzwa pamurwi wesimbi. Sezvo mhinduro yacho ichitenderera nemurwi, inopindirana negoridhe iri muore, ichigadzira goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Aya macomplexes anounganidzwa pazasi pemurwi mudziva kana hurongwa hwekuunganidza.

Heap leaching inodhura - inoshanda, kunyanya kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Nekudaro, zvinoda manejimendi akangwarira kudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide - ine mhinduro mukati menharaunda.

Vat Leaching (Mairi Anodzora)

Vat leaching, inozivikanwawo se vat cyanidation kana agitation leaching, inowanzoitwa muchigayo chakasarudzika panzvimbo yemugodhi. Nenzira iyi, ore yakapwanyika inoiswa mumavheti kana matangi. A cyanide - ine mhinduro inowedzerwa, uye musanganiswa unozunguzwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati pesimbi nemhinduro. Iyo okisijeni mumhepo kana dzimwe nguva yakawedzera okisijeni inounzwa kuti ifambise maitiro.

zvichienzaniswa Heap leaching, vat leaching inobvumira kudzora kurinani kwemamiriro ekudonha, senge tembiricha, pH, uye kukurumidza kwekumhanyisa. Nekudaro, kazhinji inodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudiwa kwemidziyo yakasarudzika uye mashandisiro emagetsi epamusoro.

Kudzoreredzwa kweGoridhe kubva kuCyanide Solutions

Kana goridhe ranyungudutswa mumushonga wecyanide, inoda kudzoserwa. Pane nzira mbiri huru dzeizvi:

1. Carbon - in - Leach (CIL) uye Carbon - in - Pulp (CIP): Mukuita kweCIL, activated carbon inowedzerwa zvakananga kune cyanide - leached pulp. Iyo goridhe - cyanide complexes inoshambadzirwa pamusoro peiyo activated kabhoni nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yepamusoro uye yakasimba adsorption zvivakwa. Muchirongwa cheCIP, pulp inotanga kuparadzaniswa kubva kune mhinduro, uye zvino mhinduro yacho inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nematehwe ematangi akazadzwa ne activated carbon. Mushure mekudsorption, iyo kabhoni yakatakurwa negoridhe inobviswa kubva muhurongwa uye inogadziriswazve kuti itorezve goridhe.

2. Zinc Precipitation: Zinc guruva kana zinc shavings inogona kuwedzerwa kune goridhe - cyanide mhinduro. Zinc inowedzera electropositive kupfuura goridhe, saka inobvisa goridhe kubva kugoridhe - cyanide yakaoma. Mhinduro yacho ndeiyi:

2Na[Au(CN)₂] + Zn → 2Au + Na₂[Zn(CN)₄]

Iyo goridhe yakanaya inogona kubva yapatsanurwa kubva kune mhinduro nekusefa kana sedimentation.

Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Toxicity yeCyanide

Cyanide ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvinogona kuuraya vanhu, mhuka, uye upenyu hwemumvura. Muchirevo chekucherwa kwegoridhe, chinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti inogona kuburitswa yecyanide mumhepo, kunyanya mumvura yepamusoro. Hove dzinonyanya kunzwa nezve cyanide, uye kunyange mazinga akaderera e cyanide mumvura anogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pane zvipenyu zvemvura.

Environmental Management

Kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushandiswa kwecyanide mukuchera goridhe, matanho akati wandei anotorwa. Migodhi inofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba maererano nekuburitswa kwecyanide - ine mhinduro. Zvivakwa zveTailings, uko yakasara cyanide - ine zvigadziriso uye zvinhu zvemarara zvakachengetwa, zvakagadzirirwa neasingapindi liner kudzivirira kubuda. Uyezve, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa dzinoshandiswa kuderedza kana kubvisa cyanide kubva mumhinduro isati yabudiswa. Nzira idzi dzinosanganisira makemikari oxidation, biological treatment, uye kushandisa ultraviolet chiedza kuputsa cyanide.

Mazhinji mashandiro emigodhi anovavarirawo kudzoreredza uye kushandisa zvakare yasara cyanide mumaseketi ekugadzirisa kuderedza kushandiswa kwese kwecyanide.

Matanho ekuchengetedza evashandi

Vashandi vemumigodhi vari panjodzi yekusangana nehuturu hwe cyanide. Kuchengetedza vashandi, migodhi inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa otomatiki kuderedza kusangana kwevanhu necyanide - ine zvinhu, kupa vashandi zvipfeko zvakakodzera zvekudzivirira, senge magirovhosi, maapuroni, uye zvinofema, uye kuita zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa kuchengetedza nguva dzose.

Zvichaitika mune ramangwana

Zvisinei nekushandiswa kwakapararira, nzira yekuchera goridhe ine cyanide inotarisana nematambudziko nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza kunetseka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune kufarira kuri kukura mukugadzira dzimwe nzira, dzinoenderana nenharaunda nzira dzekuchera goridhe. Mamwe eaya maitiro ari kubuda anosanganisira kushandisa thiosulfate, bromide, kana ionic zvinwiwa seimwe lixiviants. Nekudaro, nzira idzi dzichiri muchikamu chekuyedza kana chekutanga - nhanho yekutengeserana uye dzine zvadzinogumira maererano nemutengo - kushanda nesimba uye kugona.

Zvichakadaro, indasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe icharamba ichitarisa mukuvandudza kuchengetedzwa uye kwezvakatipoteredza kuita kwecyanide - leaching process. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kukwenenzvera kushandiswa kwecyanide, kusimudzira nzira dzekurapa dzecyanide - ine tsvina, uye kusimbisa kutevedza kwemitemo.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukuchera goridhe kwave kuri musimboti weindasitiri yemazuva ano yekuchera goridhe kwemakumi emakore. Iyo inopa yakanyatsoshanda uye inodhura - inoshanda nzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva kune akasiyana ores. Nekudaro, chepfu yecyanide uye inogona kukanganisa nharaunda haigone kufuratirwa. Sezvo indasitiri inofambira mberi, chiyero chinofanira kubatwa pakati pezvibatsiro zvehupfumi zvekuchera goridhe uye kudiwa kwekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kunyangwe kuburikidza nekuvandudza maitiro aripo ecyanide-based kana kugadzira hutsva, mamwe matekinoroji, ramangwana rekuchera goridhe riri mukutsvaga nzira dzakasimba uye dzakachengeteka.