Zvakachengeteka here Kushandisa Sodium Cyanide muMigodhi?

ziviso

Cyanide sodium, kemikari inozivikanwa nekunyanyisa kwayo muchetura, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudyara Mining Indasitiri kwemakumi emakore, kunyanya mukuchera goridhe. Kugona kwayo kunyungudutsa goridhe nedzimwe simbi dzinokosha kubva mumatombo kwaita kuti ive chishandiso chakakosha kuvacheri. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe cyanide sodium yakasimudzawo kunetseka kwakanyanya pamusoro pekuchengetedza, kune vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa uye nharaunda. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mubvunzo uyu: Zvakachengeteka here kushandisa cyanide sodium mumigodhi?

Chii chinonzi Sodium Cyanide?

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine fomula NaCN. Inowanzoita sechena crystalline yakasimba, kazhinji iri muchimiro chepellets kana hupfu. Chimwe chezvimiro zvayo zvinonyanya kukosha kunhuhwirira kwayo, kunhuhwirira kwealmond, kunogona kuita sechiratidzo chekuvapo kwayo, kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anogona kuona kunhuhwirira uku.

Mushonga uyu unonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, uye mumhinduro dzine aqueous, uno hydrolyzes kugadzira hydrocyanic acid (HCN), gasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura zvakanyanya. Sodium cyanide inozivikanwa nekutyisa kwayo; inogona kukonzera chepfu inokurumidza uye yakakomba muvanhu nemhuka. Kunyange chiyero cheminiti, chikamwiwa, kufemerwa, kana kunyudzwa neganda, chinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emuviri wenguva dzose uye kutungamirira kurufu. Iyo meshini yekuseri kwayo inouraya iri mukukwanisa kwayo kukanganisa kufema kwemasero. Kana yangove mukati memuviri, maion cyanide anosunga ku cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakakosha padanho rekupedzisira reketani yekutakura maerekitironi mumaseru. Nekuita izvi, inovhara kufambiswa kwemaerekitironi, ichidzivirira masero kubva kushandisa oxygen zvinobudirira, pakupedzisira zvichikonzera sero asphyxiation uye tishu hypoxia.

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Mune metallurgy, kunyanya mumigodhi yegoridhe, inoita basa repakati. Iyo cyanide leaching process, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa Sodium Cyanide mhinduro, inzira yakajairika yekuchera goridhe nemamwe masimbi anokosha kubva mumatombo. Iyo inoumba yakagadzikana yakaoma negoridhe, ichibvumira simbi kuti iparadzwe uye iparadzaniswe kubva padombo rakapoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, inowana maapplications mu electroplating, kwainobatsira kuisa simbi yakatetepa pamusoro, uye mumakemikari synthesis, inoshanda sechivakwa chekugadzira akawanda organic uye inorganic makomisheni, anosanganisira mishonga, mishonga yezvipembenene, uye dhayi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya, kubata kwayo uye kushandiswa kunoda kuomesesa kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye kutevedza kwemitemo.

Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muMigodhi

Mining Process

Kushandiswa sodium cyanide mumigodhi, kunyanya mukucherwa kwegoridhe, kunosanganisira kutevedzana kwemaitiro akanyatsodzorwa. Chekutanga, ore yacho inowanzopwanywa uye inogayiwa kuita hupfu hwakatsetseka kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yayo, zvichiita kuti ibatane zvirinani nemushonga wecyanide. Ore yakaputswa iyi inobva yasanganiswa ne dilute Sodium cyanide mhinduro mumatangi makuru kana mavhati. Iyo cyanide inoumba yakaoma negoridhe iripo mune ore, ichibvumira kunyungudika. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se cyanidation kana leaching, inogona kutora maawa akawanda kusvika kumazuva, zvichienderana nemhando ye ore.

Mushure mekuita leaching, mhinduro yegoridhe inoparadzaniswa kubva kune yakasara tsvina yakasimba, iyo inozivikanwa semiswe. Iyo goridhe inozodzoserwa kubva mumhinduro uchishandisa nzira dzakaita sekabhoni adsorption, uko activated kabhoni inokwezva uye inosunga goridhe macomplexes. Neimwe nzira, kunaya kwe zinc kunogona kushandiswa, uko zinc poda inowedzerwa kune mhinduro, zvichiita kuti goridhe ripere. Goridhe rakadzoserwa rinocheneswa zvakare kuburikidza nemaitiro akaita sekunyungudutsa kuti uwane mabharu egoridhe akachena kana mamwe mafomu akakodzera kumusika.

Advantages

Imwe yemabhenefiti ekutanga ekushandisa sodium cyanide mumigodhi kugona kwayo kwakanyanya mukubvisa goridhe. Inogona kunyungudutsa goridhe kunyangwe kubva mugiredhi rakaderera, ichiita kuti ishande kune zvemari kumigodhi yaizove isina pundutso. Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira, dzakaita sekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti kana kutenderera, cyanidation inowanzowana mwero wepamusoro wekupora, dzimwe nguva uchipfuura 90% yegoridhe riripo mune ore.

Kubva pakuona kwehupfumi, kudhura-kushanda kwe sodium cyanide chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Mutengo wakaderera wekemikari, wakasanganiswa nekugona kwayo kugadzira mavhoriyamu makuru e ore, unobatsira mukupunduka kwese kwe Mining Mashandiro. Inobvumirawo kushandiswa kwemadhipoziti madiki uye akapararira, kuwedzera zvingangobva mukugadzirwa kwegoridhe.

Kudzivirirwa Kunetseka

Muchetura Njodzi

Iyo yakanyanyisa chepfu yesodium cyanide inokonzeresa njodzi kuhutano hwemigodhi. Kufemba kana kubata ganda kunyangwe zvidiki zve cyanide zvinogona kutungamirira kune chepfu yakanyanya. Zviratidzo zvacho zvinogona kubva padzungu, kutemwa nemusoro, kusvotwa, uye kupera simba kusvika pakurasika pfungwa uye kufa. Pave nezviitiko zvakawanda zvinosiririsa apo vashandi vemumigodhi, nekuda kwekubata zvisina kunaka kana kuratidzwa netsaona, vakatambura nerufu. Semuenzaniso, mune kumwe kucherwa kwegoridhe zvisiri pamutemo munzvimbo dziri kure, vashandi vemigodhi vasina midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera uye kudzidziswa vakafema gasi recyanide, zvichikonzera kusashanda uye, kazhinji, kufa ipapo ipapo.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kana sodium cyanide ichishandiswa mumigodhi, pane njodzi huru yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana isina kutarisirwa zvakanaka, cyanide inogona kusvibisa miviri yemvura, zvichitungamirira kurufu rwehupenyu hwemvura. Hove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kune cyanide, uye kunyangwe huwandu hwekutsvaga hunogona kukanganisa maitiro avo ekufema uye kukonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, mvura ine cyanide-yakasvibiswa inogona kupinda muvhu, ichikanganisa kubereka kwevhu uye inogona kusvibisa mvura yepasi, inova nzvimbo yakakosha yemvura yekunwa munharaunda zhinji. Mhedzisiro yenguva refu yezvakatipoteredza inogona kuva inoparadza, kukanganisa zvisikwa zvose uye zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuyenzaniso, munzvimbo dzine migodhi yegoridhe ine cyanide yakatekeshera, nzizi nemadziva ari pedyo zvakaona kuderera kukuru kwehove, uye zvinomera zvakatenderedza zvakakanganiswawo nekuda kwekuparara kwevhu.

Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza uye Mitemo

Mining Company Maitiro

Makambani emigodhi anoshandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuita matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza. Chekutanga, akakodzera masystem emhepo akakosha. Munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa, kubatwa, kana kushandiswa cyanide, senge ore kugadzira zvidyarwa uye nzvimbo dzekutsvaira, kufefetera kwakakwana kunovimbisa kuti chero inogona kuvakwa yehydrogen cyanide gasi inoderedzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa mafeni ane simba ekupopota uye kudhiraivha kuti urambe uchiburitsa mweya nekuitsiva nemweya mutsva.

Zvidziviriro zvemunhu (PPE) hazvigone kutaurirana. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupihwa uye kudikanwa kupfeka masutu ekudzivirira akazara akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kemikari kudzivirira kubata kweganda. Dziviriro yekufema, semasiki egasi ane mafirita akakodzera anokwanisa kubata mhute yecyanide, yakakosha. Magurovhosi uye magirazi ekuchengetedza zvakare anoumba chikamu cheyakajairwa PPE ensemble.

Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa ndiwo musimboti wekuchengeteka. Vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa mune chero chikamu chekubata cyanide vanofanirwa kudzidziswa zvizere. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvekemikari, muchetura, uye maitirwo ekushandiswa kwawo. Vanofanira kudzidziswa kuita zvechimbichimbi, sekuti vangapa rubatsiro rwekutanga sei kana paine chepfu yecyanide uye kuti vangabuda sei zvisina njodzi kana pakateuka kana kubuda.

Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakosha. Matangi, mapaipi, mavharuvhu, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoshandiswa mukuita cyanide zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuitira zviratidzo zvekuora, kudonha, kana kumwe kukuvadza. Chero midziyo yakashata inofanira kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa nekukasira kudzivirira kuburitswa netsaona.

Zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo uye zvichidzokororwa nguva nenguva. Kana cyanide ichiteuka kana kubuda, panofanirwa kuve negwara rakajeka rekubvisa vashandi, rine kurasika, uye kutanga nzira dzekuchenesa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuva nezvikwata zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi panzvimbo-saiti zvakashongedzerwa maturusi anodiwa uye zvinhu, senge mapedhi anonwisa, maajenti ekubvisa, uye mvura yekubvisa tsvina.

Regulatory Standards

Masangano ese enyika nepasirese anodzora akagadzira nhungamiro yakasimba yekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumigodhi. Iyi mirau inovhara chikamu chese chehupenyu hwayo, kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakuraswa.

Munyika dzakawanda, kugadzirwa kwesodium cyanide kunogumira kune mashoma ane mvumo zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kutevedzera kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba uye zvakatipoteredza zviyero. Zvidyarwa izvi zvinogara zvichiongororwa nevane masimba kuti vaone kuteererwa.

Mitemo yezvekufambisa inoraira kuti kutakura kwecyanide kunyorwe zvakajeka sezvinhu zvine njodzi. Midziyo yakasarudzika uye mota, dzakashongedzerwa zvinhu zvekuchengetedza senge spill midziyo masisitimu uye emergency mhinduro kits, inodiwa. Vatyairi nevafambisi vezvifambiso vanofanirwa kuve nedzidziso chaiyo uye marezinesi ekubata zvinhu zvine njodzi zvakadaro.

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide dzinofanirwa kusangana nemaitiro akaomarara. Dzinofanirwa kunge dziri kure nenzvimbo dzine vanhu uye zvitubu zvemvura, dziine fenzi yakachengeteka, zvidhinha zvekupinda, uye masisitimu ekutarisa. Zvivakwa zvekuchengetera zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kuvuza uye kurasika, ine pasi isingapindiki uye chechipiri chemukati masisitimu.

Nezve kushandiswa kwayo mumigodhi, pane kazhinji kacho miganhu yekuisa uye huwandu hwe cyanide inogona kushandiswa. Makambani emigodhi anofanirwawo kuendesa yakadzama yekuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza uye manejimendi zvirongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira matanho ekudzivirira uye kudzikisira chero angangoita cyanide kuburitswa.

Zvibvumirano zvepasi rose nezvibvumirano, zvakaita sezviya zvine chekuita nekusvibiswa kwemukati memiganhu uye kutonga kwemarara ane njodzi, zvinowedzera kutonga kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti nyika dzinoshanda pamwe chete kudzivirira kupararira kwekusvibiswa kwecyanide kumiganhu nekusimudzira tsika dzezvicherwa pasi rose.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide mumigodhi inyaya yakaoma inoda kuenzanisa pakati Zvemari Kubatsirwa uye nezvekuchengeteka. Nepo huchetura hwayo uye mukana wekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza haugone kufuratirwa, kana nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakafanira dzichiitwa nemakambani emigodhi uye mitemo yakasimba inotevedzwa, njodzi dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwayo dzinogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya.

Mabasa emigodhi anoshandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuona kuchengetedzeka sechikamu chakakosha chebhizinesi ravo modhi. Nekudyara mune yemazuva-ye-iyo-inofemesa masisitimu, ichipa yakazara PPE, uye kugara ichidzidzisa uye kugadzirisa michina, vanogona kudzivirira vashandi vavo kubva kunjodzi dzekubuda kwecyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, kutevedzera mirairo ine chekuita nekuchengetwa, kutakurwa, uye kuraswa kwemarara kunobatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda nenharaunda dzakatenderedza.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi yedzimwe nzira dzekuchera goridhe uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita zvakatipoteredza zvinopa tariro yeramangwana apo indasitiri yezvicherwa inogona kuderedza kuvimba kwayo nemakemikari ane muchetura zvakanyanya sesodium cyanide. Kusvikira panguva iyo, nekuenderera mberi nekuchenjerera uye kuzvipira kune kuchengeteka, kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide mumigodhi inogona kutarisirwa nenzira inoderedza kukuvadza uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwehupfumi hunopa.