Inoshanda Kudzoreredza Goridhe Uchishandisa Sodium Cyanide: Carbon Slurry Process Overview

Cyanide kucherwa kwegoridhe kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumigodhi yegoridhe nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kune ores, kugona kugadzira goridhe pa-saiti, uye yakakwirira kudzoreredza mitengo. Nekudaro, nekuda kwenyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, matanho ari kutorwa kuchenesa mvura yetsvina isati yasvika uye mushure mekuchengetwa kuti ibude zero, kana kushandisa yakaderera-cyanide kana zvinhu zvinobvisa cyanide kudzivirira nharaunda yenharaunda. Chinyorwa chino chinosuma mashandiro ecyanide ne kabhoni-in-pulp (CIP) goridhe, nechinangwa chekunzwisisa misimboti yekubvisa goridhe uku uchibvisa kusvibiswa uye kuenda kukuchera goridhe kusina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza.

Cyanide Gold Extraction

Zvinhu zvekushanda zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwecyanide uye oxygen, tembiricha, saizi uye chimiro chezvikamu zvegoridhe muore, pulp density, slurry content, firimu repamusoro pane zvimedu zvegoridhe, uye nguva yekudonha.

Kana iyo cyanide concentration yakaderera, kunyungudika kweokisijeni kunenge kwakakwira, uye kunyungudika kwegoridhe kunoenderana neiyo cyanide concentration; kana iyo cyanide yakakwira, chiyero chekunyungudika chegoridhe chinotemerwa chete nehuwandu hweokisijeni, kazhinji kubva pa0.03% kusvika 0.05%. Mamwe maoxidants, leaching aids, kana akananga jekiseni reokisijeni anowanzo wedzerwa kuvandudza zvakanyanya leaching mashandiro. Mune imwe kabhoni-in-pulp chirimwa, kutsiva mweya neokisijeni-yakapfuma gasi (inopfuura 90% okisijeni) mutangi reLeaching kwakawedzera chiyero cheleaching ne0.89 muzana. Mune chimwe chirimwa, kuwedzera 0.1 kg/tani ye98% lead acetate kune yekutanga leaching tank zvakakonzera kudzikira kwegiredhi regoridhe kubva pa0.218 g/ton kusvika 0.209 g/ton. Kunyunguduka kwegoridhe mumushonga wecyanide kunowedzera nekupisa, kazhinji kunochengetwa pakati pe10°C ne20°C; pasi pe 1.34°C, goridhe rinopenya, ndosaka zvirimwa zvekuchamhembe zvichiwanzoshandisa mabheji ekunyungudutsa pombi dzakavharika muchando. Pamusoro pe34.7°C, goridhe rinova mvura, kazhinji richiburitsa gasi. Kudzikamisa uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemakemikari, huwandu hwakakodzera hwealkali hunowedzerwa kukurudzira kuita kune hydrolysis; alkali iyi inonzi inodzivirira alkali.

Zvimedu zvegoridhe zvakatsetseka zvine nzvimbo yakakura yakavhurika, zvichiita kuti inyungudika nyore mucyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, goridhe rakatsetseka, zvidimbu zvidiki zvegoridhe, uye zvimedu zvegoridhe zvine pores dzemukati zvakare zvinonyungudika zviri nyore. Kudzikira kwe pulp density kunoguma nekudzikira viscosity, zvichiita kuti cyanide ion uye oxygen zvipararire nekukasira pamusoro pezvimedu zvegoridhe, zvichikonzera kunyungudika nekukurumidza uye kukwira kwemazinga. Nekudaro, iyo yakaderera yekumisikidza inogona kuwedzera vhoriyamu yepulp, kusimudza michina uye reagent mutengo. Iyo yakakodzera pulp density inowanzo 40% kusvika 50%, asi muzviitiko zvine yakakwira madhaka uye yakaoma zvivakwa, inofanirwa kudzorwa pa20% kusvika 30%. Kusachena kunogona kuumba mafirimu akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezvikamu zvegoridhe, zvichikanganisa goridhe leaching. Maminerari anosanganisirwa anoita neokisijeni, cyanide, uye alkali, zvichitadzisa kutorwa kwegoridhe. Sezvo nguva yeLeaching ichiwedzera, chiyero cheLeaching chinovandudza kusvika kune imwe muganhu, mushure mezvo chiyero chinodzikira nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwehuwandu uye saizi yegoridhe, kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pecyanide, yakanyungudika okisijeni, uye goridhe macomplexes, nepo tsvina ichiungana kuita inokuvadza leaching mafirimu. "Kunamira" kweiyo leaching tank agitator kunowanzo kukonzeresa kukwirisa, kuderera kwakadzika, uye kusakwana kwemhepo, pamwe nepakati pechimiro pakati peiyo yakaderera impeller uye tangi pasi. Mune imwe shopu yecyanide, pashure pokunge tangi ramira, kupindira nemaoko kwaidiwa, kushandisa pfuti dzemvura dzine simba guru, pfuti dzomumhepo, uye simbi refu kubvisa pombi dzakavharika. Izvo zvakazoonekwa kuti mukaha pakati peiyo yakaderera impeller uye tangi pasi yaive yakapetwa kana yakajairika saizi, uye kana yangogadziriswa, dambudziko rakagadziriswa.

Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Kuchera Goridhe

Zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinosanganisira Yakagadziriswa Carbon kunyudzwa kwemvura, kubviswa kwemvura uye electrolysis, uye kugadzurwa kwekabhoni.

Usati washandisa activated carbon, inofanira "kurodzwa uye kubviswa-guruva" kuburikidza ne-pre-grinding. Paunenge uchitenga kabhoni, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti ese adsorption kugona uye simba zvakanakisa, ine density yekuzadza ye 0.50 kg/L kusvika 0.55 kg/L. Saizi yechidimbu inofanira kunge yakafanana, kazhinji pakati pe6 mesh kusvika 12 mesh kana 6 mesh kusvika 16 mesh, uye madota emukati uye undersized zvinhu hazvifanirwe kudarika 3%. Mune imwe kabhoni pulp chirimwa, iyo yakakwira yehupfu kabhoni yakakonzera kuti muswe wegoridhe giredhi ipfuure yakajairika nhanho nekanopfuura kagumi nenhanhatu, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwegoridhe, zvichizoda kutsiva kwakazara kwekabhoni. Kuwanda kwekabhoni mutangi readsorption kunowedzera mune gradient; tichifunga kuchembera, kazhinji kabhoni kutsiva kunobatsira pakudzoreredza goridhe. Mune imwe kabhoni pulp chirimwa, iyo kabhoni inotsiva kutenderera yakashandurwa kubva pamazuva matatu ega ega kuenda kune rimwe zuva rega rega, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwe16% mukugadzirwa.

Kurasika kwekabhoni panguva yekufashukira kunozotungamira mukurasikirwa kwegoridhe, zvakanyanya kukonzerwa nekuvharika kwekabhoni yekuparadzanisa skrini. Izvo zvinodikanwa kufanobvisa marara mushure meiyo classifier uye dutu. Iyo kabhoni yekuparadzanisa skrini inofanirwa kushandisa yakachinjika cylindrical skrini, uye nyaya dzinogona kugadziriswa nekudzikisa slurry concentration kana kugadzirisa pasi kabhoni density uye kuyerera kwemhepo mudivi remhepo duct yekuparadzanisa skrini. Nyaya inonyanya kunetsa ndeyekudonha kwekabhoni kubva kune adsorption tailing tank; 40-mesh yekuchengetedza skrini pane tailings yekusanganisa tank inotamba yakakosha "kuchengeta gedhi", uye inofanirwa kugara ichitariswa nekuchengetwa kuti ive nechokwadi kuti haina kusimba. Kuti uderedze kupfeka kabhoni, kumhanyisa-kumhanya kunowanzo kushandiswa.

Desorption uye electrolysis inoitwa mune mhinduro ye1% sodium hydroxide uye Sodium cyanide pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe 0.35 MPa kusvika ku 0.39 MPa, kuwana desorption pakupisa kwe135 ° C kusvika 160 ° C, iyo iri pamusoro pekubikira kwemhinduro. Iyo yegoridhe giredhi mune yakapera kabhoni iri pazasi 50 g/t, uye parizvino, isiri-cyanide desorption uye electrolysis inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

Kuvandudza kabhoni, 3% kusvika 5% dilute nitric acid kana hydrochloric acid solution inoshandiswa kunyura kwe0.5 kusvika 1 awa (zvimwechetezvo zvinoshanda pazasi), paine manual intermittent kubvongodza. Mushure mekunyura, kabhoni inogezwa nemvura kuti ibvise asidi, inoteverwa nekunyura mu1% sodium hydroxide solution yekumisa chero acid yasara. Pakupedzisira, kabhoni inoshambidzwa ne2 kusvika ku3 nguva yehuwandu hwemvura maererano nekabhoni bed.

Cyanide Concentration, Alkalinity, uye Carbon Density

Mushure mekuyera kuwanda kwe slurry, sefa uchishandisa funnel ine sefa bepa. Tora imwe vhoriyamu (mu milliliters) muconical flask, wedzera 3-5 madonhwe emethyl orange, uye mhinduro icharatidza chiedza chero ruvara. Titrate neyakajairwa sirivheri nitrate mhinduro kusvikira ruvara rwepingi rwaonekwa; iyo vhoriyamu yesirivha nitrate inopedzwa mu acid titration chubhu inoratidza cyanide yemukati, iyo inoenderana neiyo cyanide concentration. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekuchinja kuyerera kweiyo Sodium Cyanide mhinduro. Mumhinduro iyi, wedzera 1-2 madonhwe e phenolphthalein, ayo anozoshanduka pink, uye titrate neyakajairwa acetic acid mhinduro kusvikira iyo pink color yanyangarika. Musiyano muyero yemeniscus pane iyo acid titration chubhu isati yasvika uye mushure mekuti titration inoratidza huwandu hweacetic asidhi inopedzwa (mumilliliters), iyo inoenderana neirimu yemukati. Dzimwe nguva, oxalic acid inoshandiswa pakuita titration, kutonga pH ye slurry kuva pakati pe10 ne12. Iyo calcium oxide inowanikwa mu slurry inenge 0.01% kusvika 0.02%. Alkalinity inogonawo kugadziriswa nekuchinja huwandu hwe lime yakawedzerwa. Semuenzaniso, mune dhisiki-rudzi lime feeder, huwandu hunogona kudzorwa nekugadzirisa chinzvimbo chebhefa.

1-litre cylindrical carbon poto, ine mubato wakagadzirwa δ8 rebar, ine mubato murefu unosvika 75% yehudzamu hwetangi. Kumusoro kwemubato kunobatanidzwa nechivharo chesimbi chakavhurika chepoto newaya yesimbi yakanaka kana tambo yenaironi. Nokusimbisa kana kusunungura tambo kana tambo, carbon slurry inogona kupinda muhari. Mushure mekubvisa hari kubva mutangi, dururira kabhoni slurry mumuenzaniso wesefa, wonyatsoigeza nemvura yakachena, uye bvisa chero madonhwe emvura usati wayera huwandu hwekabhoni, izvo zvinopa iyo carbon density yechiyero ichi, inoratidzwa mumagiramu parita. Samples inotorwa kubva kumusoro, yepakati, uye yakaderera zvikamu zvetangi, uye avhareji kukosha inotorwa seiyo carbon density yetangi. Maitiro ekubvisa kabhoni, jekiseni, kuburitsa, uye kugeza asidhi zvese zvave otomatiki uchishandisa kumanikidza mvura jetting. Naizvozvo, kugadziridzwa kwekabhoni density mune adsorption tangi inogona kutarisirwa kuburikidza nemhepo-yakasimudzwa kabhoni uye giravhiti-yakadyiswa kabhoni zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuona.

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