Kusiyana pakati pePotassium Hydroxide neSodium Hydroxide

Munzvimbo yemakemikari, zvose zviri zviviri Potassium hydroxide (KOH) uye sodium hydroxide (NaOH), inowanzozivikanwa se caustic potash uye caustic soda zvichiteerana, inotamba mabasa akakosha. Pasinei nekugovana zvimwe zvakafanana semabhesi akasimba, vane hunhu hwakasiyana hunovasiyanisa mune dzakasiyana siyana. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekupa tarisiro yakazara yemusiyano uripo pakati pe potassium hydroxide ne sodium hydroxide.

Kemikari uye Panyama Zvivakwa

Molecular Structure uye Maumbirwo

Potassium hydroxide ine potassium imwe (K) atomu, imwe okisijeni (O) atomu, uye imwe yehydrogen (H) atomu, ine kemikari formula KOH. Sodium hydroxide, kune rumwe rutivi, inoumbwa neatomu imwe yesodium (Na), imwe atomu yeokisijeni, uye imwe atomu yehydrogen, inoratidzwa seNaOH. Musiyano wesimbi cation (potassium vs. sodium) inokosha uye inobatsira kune dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzadzo.

Kuonekwa Kwemuviri uye Solubility

Mishonga miviri michena, hygroscopic solids patembiricha yekamuri, inotora unyoro kubva mumhepo zviri nyore. Nekudaro, ivo vanoratidza misiyano mukunyungudika. Potassium hydroxide yakanyanya kunyungudika mumvura, ichiburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa panguva yekunyungudika, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mhinduro ive yakanyanya kupisa. Iyo zvakare inonyungudika mu ethanol uye methanol. Sodium hydroxide inonyungudika zvakaenzana mumvura, inoperekedzwa neinozivikanwa exothermic reaction. Asi kana tichienzanisa, potassium hydroxide kazhinji ine yakanyanya kunyungudika mune mamwe organic solvents, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzika mune mamwe maitiro emakemikari akasarudzika.

Kunyungudika uye Kubikira Points

Potassium hydroxide ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka inoita 360 °C (680 °F) uye inofashaira inosvika 1.324 °C (2.415 °F). Sodium hydroxide, ukuwo, ine nzvimbo yakakwira zvishoma yekunyungudika inosvika 318 °C (604 °F) uye inofashaira pa1.388 °C (2.530 °F). Iyi misiyano yekunyunguduka uye yekubikira mapoinzi inogona kukanganisa mashandisiro adzo mukupisa-kupisa kwepamusoro, uye imwe neimwe ichisarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa tembiricha yemaitiro.

Kugadzirira Nzira

Industrial Kugadzirwa kwePotassium Hydroxide

Muindasitiri, potassium hydroxide inonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza ne electrolysis ye potassium chloride (KCl) mhinduro, maitiro anozivikanwa se chloralkali process. Nenzira iyi, magetsi anopfuudzwa kuburikidza ne potassium chloride solution mune electrolytic cell. Paanode, chloride ions inoiswa oxidized kuti iite chlorine gasi, nepo pacathode, mvura inoderedzwa, ichigadzira hydrogen gasi uye hydroxide ions. Iyo potassium ions inosanganiswa ne hydroxide ions kuita potassium hydroxide.

Industrial Production yeSodium Hydrooxide

Sodium hydroxide inogadzirwa zvakare kuburikidza neiyo chloralkali process, asi uchishandisa sodium chloride (NaCl) sechinhu chekutanga. Zvakafanana nekugadzirwa kwe potassium hydroxide, electrolysis ye sodium chloride solution inotungamira pakuumbwa kwe sodium hydroxide pa cathode, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwe chlorine gasi pane anode uye hydrogen gasi pa cathode. Musiyano mukuru mukugadzirira uri mumidziyo inoshandiswa, ine potassium hydroxide kugadzirwa ichitsamira pa potassium - ine munyu uye sodium hydroxide kugadzirwa pane sodium - ine munyu.

Applications

Mukugadzira Chemical

Mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari, potassium hydroxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwe potassium - based chemicals yakadai se potassium phosphates, iyo inokosha fetiraiza. Inoshandiswawo mukubatanidza mamwe mapolymers uye sechinhu chinokonzeresa mune mamwe maitiro eorganic. Sodium hydroxide, kune rumwe rutivi, chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira sipo nemishonga. Kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi saponification, inopindirana nemafuta nemafuta kugadzira sipo mamorekuru uye glycerol. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandiswa mukugadzira bepa, uko inobatsira mukupuruzira kuputsa lignin, kupatsanura cellulose fiber kugadzira mapepa.

MuElectroplating uye Metal Processing

Potassium hydroxide inowana kushandiswa mumabhati e electroplating, kunyanya yekuisa mamwe simbi se zinc. Kugona kwayo kunyungudutsa simbi oxides uye kuchengetedza alkaline nharaunda inobatsira kuwana yakatsetseka uye yakafanana simbi coating. Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa mukuchenesa simbi uye maitiro ekurapa pamusoro. Inogona kubvisa girisi, oiri, uye ngura kubva panzvimbo dzesimbi, ichizvigadzirira kuti iwedzere kugadziridzwa senge pendi kana plating.

MuChikafu neVatengi Zvigadzirwa

Potassium hydroxide ine mashoma asi chaiwo mashandisiro muindasitiri yezvekudya. Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwecocoa kugadzirisa pH, inokanganisa kunaka uye ruvara rwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira mapretzels akapfava kugadzira hunhu hwekucheka hunhu. Sodium hydroxide, kune rumwe rutivi, inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa maorivhi kubvisa kuvava kwayo. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvekudya - giredhi thickeners uye stabilizers.

Kudzivirirwa uye Kubata

Zvose potassium hydroxide uye sodium hydroxide zvinhu zvinoparadza zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya paganda, maziso, uye nzira yekufema pakubata. Pakubata makemikari aya, midziyo yekudzivirira yakafanira (PPE) yakadai semagirovhosi, magirazi uye majasi erabhoritari anofanira kupfekwa. Muchiitiko chekusangana neganda kana maziso, nekukurumidza uye kwenguva refu kuputika nemvura yakawanda kunokosha. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusiyana kwekuita kwavo zvakare uye kunyungudika, hunhu hwenjodzi dzinogona kusiyana zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, potassium hydroxide yakakwira solubility mune zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zvinoreva kuti inogona kupararira nekukurumidza mune dzimwe nzvimbo, ichiwedzera njodzi yekusangana netsaona mune dzimwe nguva.

Mukupedzisa, nepo potassium hydroxide uye sodium hydroxide vachigovana maitiro akajairika ekuve mabhesi akasimba, mutsauko wavo mumakemikari uye emuviri zvimiro, nzira dzekugadzirira, mashandisiro, uye kuchengetedza kufunga kunoita kuti zvikodzere zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uyu kwakakosha kune vemakemikari, mainjiniya, uye vashandi vemumaindasitiri kuti vashandise makemikari aya nemazvo uye zvakachengeteka mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.