Iko activation uye passivation mhedzisiro ye lead salt pane yegoridhe cyanidation process

ziviso

Goridhe cyanidation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvicherwa yekuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo ayo. Kuwedzerwa kwemamwe makemikari kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwemaitiro aya. Pakati pezvinowedzera izvi, Lead Salts vakaratidza mhedzisiro yakaoma, zvese activation uye deactivation, pa Gold Cyanidation reaction. Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro iyi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa Kuchera Goridhe maitiro, kuderedza mari, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Iyo Goridhe Cyanidation Maitiro Basics

Goridhe cyanidation, inozivikanwawo seMacArthur-Forrest process, inosanganisira kuita kwegoridhe ne cyanide ions muhupo hweokisijeni. Iyi kemikari inoita inogonesa goridhe kunyungudika kubva kune ore matrix kupinda mumhinduro, ichibvumira kupora kwayo kunotevera. Nekudaro, kuvepo kwekusvibiswa kwakasiyana muore uye maitiro ekuita zvinogona kukanganisa kuti goridhe rinonyungudika nekukurumidza uye rakazara sei.

Activation Migumisiro yeLead Salts

Mechanism of Activation

Catalytic Basa muElectrochemical Reactions

Lead salt inogona kuita sezvinokonzeresa mune yegoridhe cyanidation process. Munzvimbo yakaderera yakawandisa (- 0.35 V vs. Ag / AgCl), kuwedzera munyu wekutungamirira kwakaratidzwa kukurumidza kugadzirwa kwegoridhe mukugadzirisa cyanide. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) zviedzo zvinoratidza kuti lead inotora chikamu mukuitika kwe electrochemical kunoitika pamusoro pegoridhe. Pasi pemamiriro ecyanidation, goridhe rinogadzira alloys ane lead. Aya ma alloys anogadzira madiki e electrochemical masero pamusoro pegoridhe, uko oxidation uye kuderedza maitiro kunoitika panguva imwe chete. Iyo oxidation reaction pakusangana kwegoridhe - alloy inosimudzira kuparara kwegoridhe, nepo kudzikisira kuita kunosanganisira oxygen kana zvimwe oxidizing zvinhu mumhinduro. Ichi chiito che electrochemical chinomhanyisa zvakanyanya mwero wese wekuparara kwegoridhe.

Kudzivisa Kusachena Kwekuita

Mumatombo ane mhangura nezvimwe zvisina tsvina, munyu womutobvu unobatsira. Mhangura zvicherwa muore inogona kudya cyanide uye oksijeni, ichikwikwidza negoridhe - cyanidation reaction. Muto wemunyu unopindirana necopper ions kana mhangura - inotakura zvicherwa, ichigadzira zvisinganyunguriki zvinodzivirira zvicherwa zvemhangura kubva pakunyungudika. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwe cyanide inopedzwa nemhangura, ichisiya yakawanda cyanide iripo yegoridhe - cyanidation reaction uye nekudaro kuwedzera goridhe leaching rate. Mune yakakwira - yendarira yegoridhe - inotakura ores, kuwedzera lead munyu kwave kucherechedzwa kudzikisa huwandu hwemhangura yakanyungudika mumushonga wecyanide, kuchengetedza chiyero chakanaka chekunyungudika kwegoridhe.

Kuedza Umboo hweActivation

Ose ma laboratori uye maindasitiri zvidzidzo zvakasimbisa iyo Activation Effects yemunyu womutobvu. Mune imwe ongororo yegoridhe - inotakura ore ine 0.25% galena, kuwedzera muto wemunyu kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwegoridhe. Maitiro eindasitiri anotsigirawo zvakawanikwa izvi. Mune mimwe migodhi yegoridhe, kana uchigadzira mamwe marudzi e ores, kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemunyu unoderedza kushandiswa kwe Sodium Cyanide kubva pamusoro pe12 kg/t kusvika yakaderera se5 kg/t uye yakawedzera mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe kusvika pamusoro pe98%.

Deactivation Migumisiro yeLead Salts

Conditions for Deactivation

Kuvapo kweSilicate uye Imwe Lead - Kutakura Zvicherwa

Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyanya pamberi pesilicate uye chaiyo lead - inotakura zvicherwa, kuwedzera lead kunogona kudzikamisa oxidation yegoridhe. Pakukwanisa kwe - 0.35 V (vs. Ag / AgCl), chiyero chekunyungudika kwegoridhe chinoderera. Chikonzero chaicho chakaoma, asi chinogona kusanganisira kuumbwa kwemafirimu epamusoro kana kupindirana kwezvinhu zvinotungamirira nepamusoro pegoridhe, izvo zvinovhara maion cyanide uye oxygen kubva kune goridhe. Semuyenzaniso, mamwe maminerari anotakura mutobvu anopindirana nemushonga wecyanide kuumba makomboni anovhara pamusoro pegoridhe, zvichitadzisa kufambira mberi kweiyo cyanidation reaction.

High - Sulfur Ores

Mune yakakwira - sulfur ores, kuwedzera lead kunogona kusabatsira uye kunogona kutotungamira mukudzima. Kana iyo sarufa yemukati mune ore yakakwira, zvicherwa zve sulfide zvinoiswa oxidized kune elemental sulfur panguva yekuita cyanidation. Iyi elemental sulfur inoumba dhiri pamusoro pegoridhe rinoidzivirira kuti isaita necyanide - oxygen solution. Mutobvu unogona kusimudzira oxidation yemaminerari esulfide kuita sarufa, zvichiwedzera kuvharidzira kuita kwegoridhe cyanidation uye kukonzera kudonha kwakakosha muyero yekunyungudika kwegoridhe.

Analytical Evidence yeDeactivation

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ongororo inopa humbowo hweiyo deactivation mhedzisiro. Mumasampuli kubva kumusoro - sulfur ore cyanidation maitiro ane lead yekuwedzera, XPS spectra inoratidza kuvapo kwesarufa - ine zvinhu pamusoro pegoridhe, zvichiratidza kuumbwa kweiyo passivating sulfur layer. Electrochemical tests inosimbisawo kuti chiyero chegoridhe oxidation chinodzikira pamberi pesilicate uye lead - inotakura zvicherwa.

Zvinhu Zvinokurudzira Kuyera pakati peActivation uye Deactivation

Kuiswa kweLead Salts

Huwandu hwemunyu we lead wakawedzerwa kune cyanidation system hwakakosha. Pakudzika kwakadzikira, muto wemunyu unowanzo kuve nekuita, unokurudzira kunyungudika kwegoridhe. Asi kana iyo yekumisikidza yakawandisa, inogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwezvakanyanya kuita zvigadzirwa zvinokonzeresa deactivation. Semuyenzaniso, kuwandisa kwakawandisa kwemaion e lead kunogona kukonzera kunaya kwemutobvu - cyanide complexes inofukidza pamusoro pegoridhe uye kumisa kuita kwecyanidation.

Ore Composition

Kuumbwa kwe ore, kusanganisira mhando uye huwandu hwemaminerari e sulfide, silicates, uye kumwe kusvibiswa, zvinotarisa kana muto wemunyu uchiita sezvinobatisa kana kuti zvinomisa. Ores ine yakakwira yemamwe maminerari esulfide, senge pyrite mune yakakwira - sulfur ores, anogona kusangana nekudzima kana lead yawedzerwa. Sezvineiwo, ores ane huwandu hwakakura hwemaminerari emhangura anogona kubatsirwa kubva kune activation mhedzisiro ye lead salt.

Reaction Conditions

Mamiriro ekuita senge tembiricha, pH, uye kuwanda kweokisijeni uye cyanide mumhinduro zvakare zvinokanganisa activation uye deactivation mhedzisiro ye lead salt. Tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukurumidza kuita zvese zvinobatsira uye zvinokuvadza zvine chekuita nemutobvu. Iyo pH yemushonga inokanganisa kuti lead uye mamwe maion simbi aripo sei, zvichipesvedzera kudyidzana kwavo negoridhe nemamwe mamineral. Kukwana kweokisijeni kwakaringana kunodiwa kuti goridhe - cyanidation reaction ienderere mberi, uye muto wemunyu unogona kudyidzana neokisijeni nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kungave kuwedzera kana kuvharidzira kuita.

mhedziso

Lead salt ine zvese activation uye deactivation mhedzisiro pane yegoridhe cyanidation process. Iyo activation mhedzisiro, senge catalyzing electrochemical reactions uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwetsvina, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwegoridhe. Nekudaro, pasi pemamwe mamiriro, senge pamberi pesilicate, chaiyo lead - inotakura zvicherwa, kana yakakwira - sulfur ores, lead salt inogona kukonzera deactivation nekudzikamisa goridhe oxidation kana kugadzira inovharira matanda pamusoro pegoridhe. Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinopesvedzera izvi mhedzisiro, zvinosanganisira lead salt concentration, ore kuumbwa, uye maitiro ekuita, zvakakosha pakushandisa lead salt zvinobudirira mugoridhe cyanidation. Nekunyatso kudzora zvinhu izvi, indasitiri yezvicherwa inogona kukwidziridza kutorwa kwegoridhe, kuderedza kushandiswa kweiyo reagent, kuwedzera pundutso, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inogona kutarisa mukugadzira mamwe mamodheru ekufanotaura kutungamira kwemunyu maitiro mune akasiyana ore - kugadzirisa mamiriro uye kutsvaga nzira nyowani dzekumisa mhedzisiro.