Ruzivo rwako rwe sodium cyanide rwakakwana here?

Sodium cyanide , ine fomura yemakemikari NaCN, chinhu chinokwezva kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana, mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, uye chepfu yakanyanya. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekupa ruzivo rwakadzama nezveSodium cyanide , kuongorora chimiro chayo, hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari, nzira dzekugadzira, mashandisirwo ayo, uye zvinobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza uye nharaunda.

Kemikari Mamiriro uye Zvivakwa

Sodium cyanide imusanganiswa weionic unoumbwa ne sodium cations (Na+) uye cyanide anions (CN-). Iyo cyanide ion ine chimiro chakarongeka, ine atomu yeCarbon ine triple-bonded kune atomu yenitrogen. Chimiro ichi chinokanganisa reactivity yemusanganiswa uye chepfu.

Proper Properties

• Chitarisiko : Kazhinji, Sodium Cyanide inoonekwa sechinhu chena, chakasimba, asi inogonawo kuwanikwa muchimiro cheupfu kana bundu.

• Kunyungudika : Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, ine magiramu angangoita mazana mana anokwanisa kunyungudika mu litre imwe yemvura pa25°C. Kunyungudika uku kwakanyanya kunoita kuti ishande mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri, asi zvakare zvinomutsa kushushikana nezvekudururwa kwemvura netsaona uye kusabatwa zvakanaka.

• Nzvimbo dzekunyunguduka nedzekufashaira : Sodium cyanide ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira ye563.7°C uye nzvimbo yekufashaira ye1496°C, izvo zvinoratidza simba rezvisungo zveionic zvinobata chinhu ichi pamwe chete.

• Kuwanda kwayo : Kuwanda kwayo kunosvika 1.6 gramu pa cubic centimeter, kwakakura kupfuura kwemvura, zvichiita kuti inyure mumvura.

Chemical Zvivakwa

• Kushanda : Sodium cyanide ihwaro hwakasimba zvine mwero. Kana iri mumvura, inonyungudika. Maitiro aya anogadzira ma hydroxide ions (OH-), zvichiita kuti mvura ive alkaline.

• Kushanda kwesimbi : Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ne sodium cyanide ndiko kushanda kwayo nesimba musimbi. Mumaindasitiri akaita segoridhe , kana paine okisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inodyidzana negoridhe. Kuita uku kunogadzira soluble gold cyanide complex, zvichiita kuti goridhe rikwanise kuburitswa mumatombo.

• Kusangana neAcids : Sodium cyanide inobata zvine simba nemaacids kugadzira hydrogen cyanide, gasi rine chepfu yakawanda. Kunyangwe maacids asina simba anogona kukonzera kusangana uku, saka zvakakosha kubata sodium cyanide nekungwarira kwakanyanya pamusoro pezvinhu zvine acidic.

• Kusanganiswa kweOxidation uye Kuderedzwa kweMaitiro : Sodium cyanide inogona kutora chikamu mukusanganiswa kweoxidation uye kuderedza maitiro. Mishonga yakasimba ye oxidation inogona kuisanganisa kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu, nepo pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kushanda semushonga wekuderedza maitiro emakemikari.

Nzira dzekugadzira

Kugadzirwa kwe sodium cyanide kunosanganisira akati wandei makemikari maitiro, neAndrussow process uye Castner process iriyo yakanyanya kuwanda.

Iyo Andrussow Process

Iyi ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri yekugadzira sodium cyanide. Zvinosanganisira kuita methane, ammonia, uye oxygen pamusoro peplatinamu catalyst pakupisa kwakanyanya, kunosvika 1000°C. Mhepo yehydrogen cyanide inobva yasangana ne sodium hydroxide kuumba sodium cyanide.

Iyo Castner process

MuCasner process, sodium amide inopindirana nekabhoni pakupisa kwakanyanya, kunosvika 800 - 1000°C, kugadzira sodium cyanide uye hydrogen gasi. Zvisinei, iyi nzira haisati yanyanya kushandiswa mazuva ano nokuti inoda simba rakawanda uye inogadzira chigadzirwa chine kuchena kwakaderera kana ichienzaniswa neAndrussow process.

Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, kunyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwemakemikari zvimiro.

Goridhe neSilver Mining

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide ndeyekubvisa goridhe nesirivha kubva mu ores. Kuita, kunonzi cyanidation, kunosanganisira kunyungudutsa masimbi anokosha musodium cyanide solution kana okisijeni iripo. Izvi zvinogadzira soluble metal cyanide complexes iyo inogona kupatsanurwa kubva kune ore uye zvakare kugadziriswa kuti iwane goridhe rakachena kana sirivheri. Cyanidation inoshanda zvakanyanya pakubvisa simbi dzakakosha kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores, zvichiita kuti ive nzira yakakosha muindasitiri yezvicherwa.

Kemikari Synthesis

Sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha kuvaka musanganiswa weakasiyana makemikari makomisheni. Inoshandiswa mukugadzira nitriles, iyo inoshanda seyakakosha yepakati mukugadzira mishonga yemishonga, mapurasitiki, uye ekugadzira fibers. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile, yakakosha monomer yekugadzira polyacrylonitrile fibers inoshandiswa mumachira uye kabhoni fiber kugadzirwa, sodium cyanide inoshanda seyakagadziriswa.

electroplating

Muindasitiri yeElectroplating , sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mune mamwe ma plating baths kuti iwedzere kunaka uye kunamira kwesimbi. Inobatsira kuisa simbi dzakadai semhangura, sirivha, negoridhe pane dzimwe substrates, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakafanana uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, nekuda kwechepfu yayo, maitiro ekuwedzera asiri cyanide plating ari kugadzirwa uye ari kushandiswa.

Kuderedza Pest

Sodium cyanide yakashandiswa se rodenticide uye zvipembenene munguva yakapfuura. Hunhu hwayo hwakanyanya hunoita kuti hubudirire mukudzora twupukanana. Asi nyika zhinji dzakarambidza kushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo iyi nekuda kwenjodzi dzinogona kukonzeresa hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.

Laboratory Applications

Mumagadzirirwo emurabhoritari, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa se reagent mune akasiyana makemikari maitiro. Inowanzo shandiswa muorganic synthesis kuunza boka recyanide (-CN) mumakomisheni eorganic, ayo anogona kuzogadziridzwa zvakare kugadzira akawanda ezvigadzirwa.

Chepfu uye Chengetedzo Kufunga

Sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.

Toxicity Mechanism

Kana sodium cyanide ichipinda mumuviri, inoputsika kuburitsa cyanide ions (CN-). Aya maion anosunga kuatomu resimbi mu cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme inobatanidzwa muketani yekutakura maerekitironi. Kusunga uku kunokanganisa kushanda kwe enzyme, kudzivirira masero kubva kushandisa oxygen nemazvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maseru haakwanise kugadzira simba kuburikidza nekufema kweaerobic, zvichitungamira kurufu rwesero uye, muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kufa kwechisikwa.

Nzira dzeKufumura

• Kufema : Kufema guruva kana utsi hwesodium cyanide kunogona kukonzera chepfu nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe kufema zvishoma kunogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi.

• Kumedza : Kumedza sodium cyanide kune njodzi huru. Dosi diki, rinowanzova pasi pe50 - 100 milligrams kumunhu mukuru, rinogona kuuraya.

• Kubata ganda : Kubata ganda ne sodium cyanide kunogona kubvumira chinhu ichi kupinda mumuviri, kunyanya kana paine mavanga kana mavanga. Kubata ganda kwenguva refu kana kakawanda kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda, kutsva, uye kuchetura mumuviri.

Zviratidzo zvePoisoning

Zviratidzo zvesodium cyanide chepfu zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana negwara uye chiyero chekuratidzwa. Zviratidzo zvokutanga zvinogona kusanganisira musoro, dzungu, kupera simba, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kukurumidza kufema, uye kunzwa kuoma muchipfuva. Zviratidzo zvepamberi zvinogona kuva pfari, kurasikirwa nezivo, kutadza kufema zvakanaka, uye kusungwa kwemoyo. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, rufu runogona kuitika mukati memaminitsi ekuonekwa.

Safety Tsaona

Nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanyisa, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuteverwa kana uchibata sodium cyanide. Vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukubata kwayo, kuchengetedza, kana kufambisa vanofanira kuwana kudzidziswa kwakakwana pamusoro pezvivakwa zvayo, njodzi, uye mabatiro akachengeteka. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka zvinhu zvinovadzivirira zvakakodzera, zvinosanganisira magirovhosi asingaurayiwi nemakemikari, magirovhosi, zvinofema, uye zvipfeko zvinodzivirira. Nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanira kunge dziine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka kuderedza njodzi yekufema utsi kana huruva. Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa yakachengeteka munzvimbo ine mhepo inofefetera kure nemaasidhi, oxidizing agents, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingaenderani. Kana pakadeuka, kuchengetedza kwakaringana uye nzira dzekuchenesa dzinofanirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza kudzivirira kuburitswa kwehutsi hune muchetura. Zvivako zvinoshandisa kana kuchengeta sodium cyanide zvinofanirwa kunge zvine hurongwa hwemhinduro dzechimbichimbi, kusanganisira nzira dzekubata nekuparara, kubuda pachena, uye njodzi dzekurapa. First aid kits uye antidotes, zvakadai sehydroxocobalamin kana sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate, zvinofanira kuwanikwa zviri nyore pakurapa chepfu yecyanide.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kuburitswa kwesodium cyanide munharaunda kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaoma. Kana ikapinda mumvura, inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemvura. Maion e<em>cyanide ane muchetura kuhove, mhuka dzisina vertebrate, nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura, zvinokanganisa magariro emumvura. Uyezve, kana sodium cyanide yanyura mumvura, inogona kubudisa gasi rehydrogen cyanide, rinogona kupinda mumhepo yakatenderedza pasi richikonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kuteuka kweSodium cyanide panyika kunogona kusvibisa ivhu, zvichiita kuti risakodzere kukura kwechirimwa. Iyo cyanide inogona kusunga kune ivhu uye inogona kuramba iri mumhoteredzo kwenguva yakareba, zvichienderana nemamiriro evhu uye kuvapo kwehutachiona hunogona kuputsa. Sezvambotaurwa, sodium cyanide painopindirana nemaasidhi kana mwando mumhepo, inogona kuburitsa gasi rehydrogen cyanide, chinosvibisa mhepo chine muchetura chinogona kukuvadza vanhu, mhuka, uye zvirimwa zviri pedyo.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide isanganiswa ine yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro zvinoita kuti ishande mune akasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwakanyanyisa uye mukana wekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza haugone kufuratirwa. Izvo zvakakosha kune ese maindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide kuita akasimba ekuchengetedza matanho ekuchengetedza vashandi, veruzhinji, uye nharaunda. Zvakare, kuedza kunoenderera kunofanirwa kuitwa kugadzira dzimwe nzira uye makomisheni anogona kuzadzisa zvibodzwa zvakafanana zveindasitiri pasina njodzi dzakabatana dze sodium cyanide. Nekunzwisisa zvimiro zvayo, mashandisiro, uye njodzi, tinogona kushandira kudzikisa kuipa kwayo tichiri kushandisa zvivakwa zvayo zvakakosha kana zvichidikanwa.