Sodium Cyanide: Toxicity uye First Aid Matanho

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) chinhu chine muchetura inorganic compound iyo inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwehupfu hwayo uye yakakosha Matanho erubatsiro rwekutanga kana yaonekwa.

Kunzwisisa Toxicity yeSodium Cyanide

Mechanism yeToxicity

Sodium cyanide inoburitsa cyanide ions (CN-) kana yasangana nemvura kana maasidhi. Aya ma cyanide ions ane hukama hwakanyanya hwesimbi mu cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakakosha kune cheni yekufambisa maelectron mumaseru. Nekusunga ku cytochrome oxidase, cyanide inovhiringa kuyerera kwakajairika kwemaerekitironi, zvinobudirira kumisa kufema kweaerobic. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero haakwanise kushandisa oxygen kugadzira simba nenzira yeadenosine triphosphate (ATP), zvichiita kuti kukurumidza kufa kwesero.

Nzira dzeKufumura

1. Inhalation: Inhalation yecyanide gasi, inogona kugadzirwa kana Sodium cyanide rinosangana nemaasidhi kana kupisa, ndiyo imwe yenzira dzine njodzi yekuratidzwa. Kunyangwe chidimbu chidiki che cyanide inofemerwa inogona kukurumidza kupinda muropa kuburikidza nemapapu uye kukonzera systemic toxicity.

2. Kuisa: Kumedza Sodium Cyanide muchimiro chipi nechipi, chingave chakasimba, chakanyungudutswa mumvura, kana muzvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana kuti zvinwiwa, zvinogonawo kutungamirira kuchepfu yakakomba. Iyo acidic nharaunda yemudumbu inogona kukurumidzira kuburitswa kweiyo cyanide ions, ichiwedzera kukurumidza kunyura mumuviri.

3. Dermal Contact: Kunyange zvazvo ganda rinopa imwe dziviriro, kwenguva refu kana yakakura kusangana nayo sodium cyanide inogona kubvumira kemikari kupinda mukati meganda uye kupinda muropa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana ganda rakaputsika, rakaputika, kana rave richisangana nemvura, sezvo rinogona kuwedzera kubatwa kwe cyanide.

Acute Toxicity Zviratidzo

1. Zviratidzo Zvokutanga: Vakabatwa vanogona kukurumidza kutanga zviratidzo, kutanga nemusoro, dzungu, kupera simba, uye kuvhiringidzika. Vanogonawo kunzwa kutadza kufema, kukurumidza kufema, uye kukurumidza kurova kwemwoyo. Panogona kunge paine hunhu hwe "almond - senge" hwema pakufema, kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anogona kuona kunhuhwirira uku.

2. Kufambira mberi Kwezviratidzo: Sezvo muchetura unowedzera, zviratidzo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya. Kupwanya, kurasikirwa nezivo, uye kutadza kufema kunogona kuitika. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kusungwa kwemwoyo kunogona kutevera, zvichiita kuti ufe mukati memaminitsi kusvika kumaawa ekuonekwa, zvichienderana nehuwandu uye nzira yekuratidzwa.

Matanho ekutanga ekubatsira kweSodium Cyanide Exposure

Zviito Zvekare PaChiitiko

1. Iva nechokwadi chekuchengeteka: Asati apa chero rubatsiro rwekutanga, muponesi anofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwavo. Pfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira yakafanira, senge magirovhosi, magirovhosi, uye mask yekufema, kudzivirira kuratidzwa kechipiri kune cyanide. Kana kuratidzwa kwakaitika munzvimbo yakavharwa, bvisa nzvimbo yacho pakarepo uye enda kumhepo itsva.

2. Dana kune Emergency Medical Services: Dzvanya nhamba yenzvimbo yechimbichimbi (semuenzaniso, 911 muUnited States) nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Ipa ruzivo rwakajeka nezve chimiro chekufumurwa, huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwe sodium cyanide inosanganisirwa, uye mamiriro azvino emunhu akabatwa.

Rubatsiro rwekutanga rweKufemerwa

1. Enda kune Mhepo Mutsva: Kana munhu wacho akafema cyanide, kurumidza kuiendesa kunzvimbo ine mweya mutsva. Sunungura chero mbatya dzakasimba pamutsipa, pachipfuva, kana muchiuno kuti uvandudze kufema. Chengetedza munhu wacho achidziya uye akasununguka.

2. Monitor Kufema: Ramba uchitarisa kufema kwemunhu anenge abatwa. Kana kufema kwakamira kana kuti kukanganiswa zvakanyanya, tanga kudzorera mwoyo yemwoyo (CPR) pakarepo kana wakadzidziswa kuita kudaro. Shandisa chinodzivirira, chakaita sechidzitiro chechiso, kudzivirira kubata nemuromo nemhino zvemunhu anenge abatwa.

Rubatsiro rwekutanga rweKupinza Kuratidzwa

1. Usaite Kurutsa: Kusiyana nehumwe humwe muchetura, kuita kuti kurutsa hakukurudzirwe kudyiwa kwe sodium cyanide. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kurutsa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekushuvira kwecyanide - ine zvinhu mumapapu, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho.

2. Sukurudza Muromo: Kana munhu wacho achiziva, nyatsogeza muromo wavo nemvura kuti ubvise chero sodium cyanide yasara. Usape munhu anenge abirwa chero chinhu chekudya kana chekunwa kunze kwekunge arairwa nevanorapa.

Rubatsiro rwekutanga kune Dermal Exposure

1. Bvisa Zvipfeko Zvakasvibiswa: Bvisa pakarepo chero zvipfeko zvakasangana nesodium cyanide. Chenjerera kuti usaparadzira kusvibiswa kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri kana kune muponesi.

2. Geza Ganda: Geza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yeganda nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kweinenge 15 - 20 maminitsi. Shandisa sipo yakapfava kana iripo, asi dzivisa kukwesha ganda zvine simba sezvo izvi zvichigona kuwedzera kunyura. Mushure mekugeza, vhara nzvimbo yacho nemucheka wakachena, wakaoma.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kufungidzirwa kuratidzwa kunoda chiito nekukurumidza. Nekunzwisisa huturu hwayo uye kujairana nematanho akakodzera erubatsiro rwekutanga, tinogona kuponesa hupenyu muchiitiko chenjodzi.