Nzwisisa basa re sodium cyanide mune yegoridhe ore leaching process

Munyika yakaoma ye Kuchera goridhe, kubviswa kwesimbi iyi inokosha kubva musimbi yayo inzira yakazadzwa noungwaru hwesayenzi uye hutsva hworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Imwe kemikari inomira pachena mukuita uku Sodium cyanide, komboni yave yakakosha kuindasitiri yekuchera goridhe kweanopfuura makore zana. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora basa re Sodium Cyanide mukuchera goridhe, kunyanya mukuita leaching, kuongorora maitiro emakemikari ayo, mashandisirwo, uye matanho anotorwa kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwayo kwakachengeteka uye kwakasimba.

Iyo Chemical Reactivity yeSodium Cyanide ine Goridhe

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ichena, ine crystalline yakasimba inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Muchirevo chekucherwa kwegoridhe, pfuma yaro inonyanya kukosha kugona kwayo kuita negoridhe pamberi peokisijeni kuumba goridhe rinonyungudika. Kuita uku ndiko kunobva ku Cyanidation nzira, iyo yanga iri nzira huru yekuchera goridhe kubva kuma1890s.

Iyo kemikari equation yekuita pakati pegoridhe, sodium cyanide, okisijeni, uye mvura zvinotevera:

4 Au + 8 NaCN + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4 NaOH

Mukuita uku, goridhe rinoiswa oxidized uye rinogadzira yakaoma neiyo cyanide ions. Iyo okisijeni inoshanda seanoxidizing agent, inofambisa kupera kwegoridhe. Iyo inokonzeresa yakaoma, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN) ₂]), inonyungudika mumvura, ichibvumira goridhe kuti riparadzaniswe kubva kune ore matrix.

Iyo yakanyanya solubility ye sodium cyanide mumvura yakakosha pakubudirira kwayo mukuita leaching. Inogonesa kukurumidza kupararira kweiyo cyanide ion kuburikidza neore, ichiwedzera kusangana pakati peiyo reagent uye zvimedu zvegoridhe. Izvi, zvakare, zvinowedzera mwero wekuita uye zvinonatsiridza kugona kwese kwekutorwa kwegoridhe.

Zvishandiso mune Akasiyana Goridhe Leaching Maitiro

Heap Leaching

Heap leaching inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira yakaderera-giredhi goridhe ores. Mukuita uku, simbi inopwanywa yoiswa mumirwi mikuru patambo isingapindiki. Mushonga wesodium cyanide wakadirwa, kazhinji uri pakati pe0.01% kusvika 0.05%, wobva wapfapfaidzwa pamusoro pemurwi. Iyo cyanide solution inoputika kuburikidza neore, ichiita negoridhe nekuinyungudutsa. Mushonga une pamuviri, une goridhe rakanyungudutswa, unounganidzwa pazasi pemurwi uye wozogadziridzwa kuti utorezve goridhe.

Heap leaching inzira isingadhuri yekurapa mavhoriyamu makuru echeki-giredhi ore. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukuita uku kunobvumira kubviswa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ayo angadai asina hupfumi kugadzirisa. Nekudaro, inodawo kungwarira manejimendi kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, sezvo cyanide mhinduro inogona kupinda muvhu rakapoterera nemvura kana isina kunyatsoiswa.

Carbon-in-Leach (CIL) uye Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Maitiro

Iyo CIL neCIP maitiro anowanzo shandiswa kugadzirisa epamusoro-giredhi goridhe ores kana goridhe rinonangana. Mune maitiro aya, ore ndiyo yekutanga pasi uye yozosanganiswa nesodium cyanide mhinduro munhevedzano yematangi akatsamwa. Iyo goridhe inonyungudika mune cyanide mhinduro, ichigadzira iyo yakanyungudika yegoridhe yakaoma.

Mune iyo CIL maitiro, activated kabhoni inowedzerwa zvakananga kune leach matangi. Iyo kabhoni inoshambadza iyo goridhe yakaoma, inonyatso kuparadzanisa goridhe kubva kune mhinduro. Kabhoni yakatakurwa inobva yabviswa mumatangi yozogadziriswazve kuti iwanezve goridhe. Muchirongwa cheCIP, iyo leached slurry inotanga kupatsanurwa kubva kune mhinduro, uyezve mhinduro inopfuudzwa kuburikidza neakatevedzana makoramu ekabhoni, uko goridhe rinoshambadzirwa pane kabhoni.

Ese maCIL neCIP maitiro anopa yakakwira goridhe kudzoreredza mareti uye ane hunyanzvi maererano nekushandisa reagent. Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumaitiro aya kunobvumira kunyungudutswa kwegoridhe kwakasarudzika, kuderedza kubviswa kweimwe simbi iripo mu ore.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda kweSodium Cyanide muLeaching

Kubudirira kwe sodium cyanide mu Gold leaching process inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda:

1. Ore Hunhu: Rudzi uye kuumbwa kweore inoita basa rakakosha mukuita leaching. Ores ine goridhe rakawanda uye ine yakanaka mineralogy, senge iyo ine yakaderera sulfide yemukati, inowanzopa yakakwira goridhe kudzoreredza mitengo. Pamusoro pezvo, saizi yechidimbu cheore inokanganisa nzvimbo yepasi inowanikwa kuti iite. Zvicherwa zvakacheneswa zvinowanzo konzera kukwenenzvera kudonha.

2. Cyanide Concentration: Iko kusanganiswa kwe sodium cyanide mune leaching mhinduro ndiyo yakakosha parameter. Iyo yakakwira cyanide yekumisikidza inogona kuwedzera mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe, asi zvakare inowedzera mutengo weiyo reagent uye njodzi inogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza. Kugadzirisa iyo cyanide kusungirirwa kwakakosha kuenzanisa kugona kwekuchera goridhe uye nehupfumi uye nharaunda kufunga.

3. Oxygen Kuwanikwa: Sezvo okisijeni ichidikanwa paiyo oxidation yegoridhe, kuwanikwa kwayo muleaching system kwakakosha. Yakakwana aeration kana kuwedzerwa kweoxidizing agents kunogona kusimudzira maitiro ekusiya. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mamwe oxidants akadai sehydrogen peroxide kana ozone anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kugona kwekuita.

4. pH ye Solution: Iyo pH yemhinduro yeleaching inokanganisa kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ion uye kunyungudika kweiyo goridhe yakaoma. A zvishoma alkaline pH, kazhinji iri pakati pegumi kusvika 10. ndiyo yakanakira iyo cyanidation process. Kugadzirisa pH kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira hydrolysis ye cyanide uye kuve nechokwadi chekuparara kwegoridhe.

Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura, uye kushandiswa kwayo mumigodhi yegoridhe kunoda matanho akasimba ezvakatipoteredza uye ekuchengetedza kuti avepo:

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kunyanya kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwakabatana nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumigodhi yegoridhe ndiyo mukana wekuburitswa kwecyanide munzvimbo. Cyanide inogona kuva muchetura kuhupenyu hwemumvura, zvirimwa, uye mhuka kana ikapinda mumvura kana muvhu. Kudzikamisa njodzi iyi, mabasa emigodhi anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kushandisa madhamu ane mitsetse ane mitsetse ine cyanide-bearing solutions, kurapwa kwetsvina kuderedza cyanide level, uye kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekuongorora kuona chero kungave kudonha kana kurasika.

Matanho ekuchengetedza evashandi

Vashandi vari kuita basa rekuchera goridhe, kunyanya vanobata sodium cyanide, vari panjodzi yekusangana nekemikari ine muchetura iyi. Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwavo, makambani emigodhi anoshandisa mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa vashandi zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, zvakaita semagirovhosi, magirovhosi, uye zvinofemesa, uye kuvadzidzisa mabatiro nemachengeterwo esodium cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu ekuchengetedza ari munzvimbo yekudzivirira kurasika netsaona uye kupindura nekukurumidza kana pakaitika njodzi.

Yemutemo Sisitimu

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukuchera goridhe kunoiswa pasi pekutonga kwakasimba munyika zhinji. Mitemo inotonga kugadzirwa, kutakura, kuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide, pamwe nekutonga kwemarara ane cyanide. Makambani anochera zvicherwa anosungirwa kutevedzera mitemo iyi kuitira kuti migodhi yavo ishande zvakanaka uye ienderere mberi.

Zvimwe kune Sodium Cyanide

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuwedzera kufarira mukugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekuchera goridhe dzisingavimbi nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide. Dzimwe dzedzimwe nzira dzinogona kusarudzwa dzinosanganisira:

Thiosulfate Leaching

Thiosulfate leaching inzira inoshandisa thiosulfate ions, senge sodium thiosulfate, kunyungudutsa goridhe. Iyi nzira inopa mabhenefiti akati wandei pamusoro pecyanidation, kusanganisira yakaderera muchetura, kukurumidza leaching mitengo, uye kugona kugadzira ores inonetsa kurapa necyanide. Nekudaro, thiosulfate leaching inewo matambudziko ayo, sekuda kwekungwarira kudzora mamiriro eleaching uye mutengo wepamusoro weiyo reagent.

Bioleaching

Bioleaching inzira yehupenyu inoshandisa tupukanana kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Iyi nzira inoenderana nenharaunda uye inogona kushandiswa kurapa yakaderera-giredhi ores. Zvisinei, bioleaching inzira inononoka, uye kushandiswa kwayo ikozvino kunogumira kune mamwe marudzi e ores.

Mamwe Emerging Technologies

Kune zvakare mamwe matekinoroji ari kusimukira, akadai sekushandisa zvinwiwa zveionic uye zvinwiwa zvakanyanyisa, zvinoratidza vimbiso yekutorwa kwegoridhe. Aya matekinoroji achiri muchikamu chekuyedza, asi ane mukana wekupa mamwe anoshanda uye ane hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza dzimwe nzira dzechinyakare cyanidation nzira.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide yakaita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe kweanopfuura zana, zvichigonesa kutorwa kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ayo. Kugona kwayo kugadzira soluble complexes negoridhe pamberi peokisijeni inoita kuti ive reagent inoshanda zvakanyanya mukuita leaching. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kunouyawo nematambudziko akakosha ezvakatipoteredza uye chengetedzo, izvo zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro akasimba ekudzora uye kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekubvisa goridhe.

Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe iri kuramba ichishanduka, zvingangoita kuti tichaona kukoshesa kukuru pakuvandudzwa uye kugamuchirwa kwemichina yakagadzikana uye inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Nekudaro, kune ramangwana rinofanoona, sodium cyanide ingangoramba iri chikamu chakakosha chekutora goridhe maitiro, kunyangwe nekuwedzera kuongororwa uye kuisirwa kwekuvandudza kwezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza matanho.