Cyanidation Gold Extraction: A Kutarisa paPercolation Cyanidation Process

ziviso

Ndarama yagara ichikosha zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu, kwete chete pakushandiswa kwayo muzvishongo asiwo mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana akadai semagetsi, mazino, uye ndege. Kubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo ayo inzira yakaoma, uye cyanidation iri imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Cyanidation Kubvisa goridhe kunosanganisira kushandisa cyanide solutions kunyungudutsa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Maitiro aya anoshanda nekuti goridhe rine kugona kugadzira complexes dzakagadzikana necyanide ions. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zvakadzama maitiro ecyanidation, kunyanya paPercolation Cyanidation method.

Kunzwisisa Cyanidation Gold Extraction

Nheyo yeCyanidation

Nheyo yakakosha yecyanidation yakavakirwa pakuita kwegoridhe necyanide pamberi peokisijeni. Kana goridhe rasangana nemushonga wecyanide uye pave neokisijeni iripo, kemikari inoitika. Kuburikidza nekuita uku, goridhe rinoiswa oxidized uye rinogadzira soluble complex. Iyo cyanide ions inoita basa rakakosha mukuita uku nekusunga neiyoni yegoridhe, ichiita kuti inyunguduke mumhinduro. Kunyungudika uku kunobvumira kupatsanurwa kwegoridhe kubva kune ore matrix, inova nhanho yekutanga mukubvisa goridhe kubva kune mbishi ore.

General Process yeCyanidation

Iyo cyanidation process inowanzo ine akati wandei matanho akakosha:

1. Kugadzirira Matombo : Matombo anopwanywa otanga aitwa zvidimbu zvakaenzana. Danho iri rinokosha sezvo richiwedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro pematombo, zvichiita kuti pave nekusangana kwakanaka ne cyanide solution. Maitiro aya anogona kusanganisira matanho akawanda ekupwanywa nekukuyiwa kuti pave nekunaka kwaunoda.

2. Kubvisa Cyanide : Kana dombo ragadzirwa, rinobviswa ne cyanide solution. Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa, dzine mhando mbiri huru dziri agitation cyanidation uye percolation cyanidation. Mu agitation cyanidation, dombo rinosanganiswa ne cyanide solution mumatangi akatsamwa. Percolation cyanidation, inova ndiyo nyaya huru yechinyorwa chino, inosanganisira cyanide solution inobuda nepakati pedombo.

3. Kupatsanurwa kweGoridhe - Mhinduro yeBearing : Kana nzira yekuburitsa goridhe yapera, mhinduro yebearing yegoridhe inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune zvakasara zvakasimba. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai sekusefa kana sedimentation.

4. Kudzoreredzwa kweGoridhe : Mushure mekupatsanura mhinduro yegoridhe, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kudzoreredza goridhe kubva mairi. Nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira zinc precipitation, apo zinc inowedzerwa mumushonga wekubvisa goridhe kubva mucomplex, zvichiita zvidimbu zvegoridhe rakasimba. Imwe nzira ndeye activated Carbon adsorption, apo Activated Carbon inoshandiswa kudhonza goridhe kubva mumushonga, iyo inozogadziriswazve kuti iwane goridhe rakachena.

Percolation Cyanidation Maitiro

Iyo Percolation Cyanidation Inoshanda

Percolation cyanidation inzira iyo dilute cyanide mhinduro inotenderwa kutenderera kuburikidza nemubhedha weakapwanyika kana agglomerated ore. Chicherwa chinowanzoiswa mumudziyo muhombe, senge vheti inonyudza kana murwi. Mushonga we cyanide unogoverwa zvakaenzana pamusoro pemubhedha weore uye wobva wadzika zvishoma nezvishoma uchidzika nepasi nekuda kwegiravhiti. Sezvo mhinduro ichipfuura nepakati pesimbi, cyanide inopindirana negoridhe riripo muore, ichiita goridhe rinonyunguduka - cyanide complex. Iyi yakaoma inobva yaunganidzwa pasi pemudziyo.

Zvikamu zvakakosha uye Matanho muPercolation Cyanidation

1. Kugadzirira Ore yePercolation Cyanidation :

• Kupwanya uye Kuongorora : Matombo anotanga kupwanywa kusvika pahukuru hwakakura, kazhinji kubva pamasendimita mashoma kusvika pamamirimita mashoma. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti pane maburi akakwana mubed yematombo kuti cyanide solution ipinde. Mushure mekupwanywa, matombo anogona kuvharwa kuti abvise zvidimbu zvakakura.

• Kuungana (Sarudzo) : Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyanya kune matombo ane ivhu rakawanda kana zvinhu zvakacheneswa, kubatana kunogona kudiwa. Kuungana kunosanganisira kuwedzera chinhu chinosunga, senge simende kana lime, kune matombo uye kuasanganisa nemvura. Izvi zvinobatsira kuumba zvidimbu zvakakura uye zvakagadzikana, zvichivandudza kupenya kwevhu uye kudzivirira kuvharika kwemaburi panguva yekuyerera kwematombo.

2. Kugadzirisa Kubuda Kwemvura :

• Kubvisa Mavhati kana Kubvisa Mavhati Muzvizhinji :

• Mavheti Ekuburitsa : Pamabasa madiki kana epamusoro, mavheti ekuburitsa ndiwo anowanzo shandiswa. Aya mabhokisi makuru, akafukidzwa nemadziro panoiswa matombo. Mavheti aya ane pasi renhema, rinobvumira cyanide solution kuungana pasi pevhu rematombo pasina kutakura zvidimbu zvakasimba. Cyanide solution inounzwa pamusoro pevhu, kungave kuburikidza nespray system kana nekungoidururira pamusoro pematombo.

• Kubvisa madhaka mumirwi : Kubvisa madhaka mumirwi kwakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo huru uye munzvimbo dzisina matombo akawanda. Mukubvisa madhaka mumirwi, dhaka rinounganidzwa pamudziyo usingapindi mvura pasi. Murwi unogona kuva wakakura, dzimwe nguva uchifukidza mahekita akati wandei. Mushonga wecyanide unoparadzirwa pamusoro pemurwi uchishandisa network ye sprinkler kana ma drip irrigation systems.

• Kugadzirira Cyanide Solution : Cyanide solution inoshandiswa mu percolation cyanidation inowanzova diluted solution yeSodium Cyanide kana potassium cyanide, ine concentration inowanzova pakati pe0.01% - 0.1% nehuremu. Mhinduro yacho inogonawo kunge iine zvimwe zvinowedzera, zvakaita se lime, kugadzirisa pH ye solution. Kuchengetedza pH yakakodzera kwakakosha, sezvo kunokanganisa kugadzikana kwe cyanide uye mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe. pH yakakwana ye cyanidation inowanzova pakati pe10 - 11.

3. Kubvisa uye Kubvisa :

• Kugoverwa kweMhindu : Mushonga wecyanide unoparadzirwa zvakaenzana pamusoro pevhu rematombo. Kana paine mavhati ekudonhedza mvura, izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekushandisa pombi yakaboorwa kana sisitimu ye spray nozzle. Mukubvisa mvura muduri, ma sprinkler kana ma drip irrigation systems anoita kuti mvura isvike kumativi ese eduri.

• Nguva Yokubvisa : Nguva Yokubvisa simbi mukugadzirwa kwesimbi inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwesimbi, saizi yesimbi, uye huwandu hwesimbi mumushonga wecyanide. Kazhinji, inogona kubva pamazuva akati wandei kusvika kumavhiki akati wandei. Munguva iyi, mushonga wecyanide unoramba uchibuda musimbi, uchisangana negoridhe wobva wainyungudutsa.

• Kutarisa uye Kudzora : Munguva yese yekubviswa kwemvura, zvakakosha kutarisa maparamita akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa nguva dzose pH yemushonga, huwandu hwecyanide mumushonga, uye huwandu hwegoridhe rakanyungudutswa mumushonga. Mienzaniso yemushonga inotorwa nguva nenguva uye inoongororwa murabhoritari. Kugadziriswa kunogona kuitwa kune pH kana huwandu hwecyanide kana zvichidikanwa kuti maitiro ekubviswa kwemvura ave nani.

4. Kuunganidzwa uye Kurapwa kweMushonga Une Pamuviri :

• Kuunganidzwa : Mushonga wegoridhe, unozivikanwawo semushonga une mimba, unounganidzwa pasi pechivharo chemvura inoyerera kana kubva mugadziriro yemvura inoyerera. Muchivharo chemvura inoyerera, mushonga une mimba unotorwa nevharuvhu pasi pepasi pemvura. Muchivharo chemvura inoyerera, mushonga unounganidzwa mumadhamu kana madziva ari pasi pechivharo.

• Kurapa : Kana yatorwa, mushonga une mimba unorapwa kuti uwane goridhe. Sezvambotaurwa, nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira kudonhedza zinc uye kudonhedza activated carbon. Mukudonhedza zinc, zinc guruva kana zinc shavings zvinowedzerwa mumushonga une mimba. Zinc inosangana ne gold-cyanide complex, yobvisa goridhe uye yogadzira zvidimbu zvegoridhe zvakasimba, izvo zvinogona kusefa uye kugadziriswa zvakare. Mukudonhedza activated carbon, mushonga une mimba unopfuudzwa nekoramu yakazadzwa ne activated carbon. Gold-cyanide complex inonamirwa pamusoro pekabhoni, uye kabhoni inobviswa kubva mukoramu yogadziriswa kuti ibudise goridhe.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zvePercolation Cyanidation

Advantages

1. Kukodzera Maore Akaderera : Kuchekwa kwesimbi, kunyanya kuchekwa kwesimbi, kunoshanda zvikuru pakurapa matombo egoridhe akaderera. Sezvo maitiro acho ari nyore uye asingade kukuya kwakawanda uye michina inodhura yekugadzirisa matombo akachekwa, zvinogona kubatsira matombo asingabatsire kugadzirisa uchishandisa dzimwe nzira dzakaoma.

2. Mari Yakaderera uye Mari Yekushandisa : Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekubvisa goridhe, dzakadai sekugadzira goridhe rinoda matangi makuru anodhura uye simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa pakusanganisa, kugadzira goridhe rinoshandisa goridhe rinoita kuti goridhe rive rakaderera. Midziyo inodiwa, yakaita sema "leaching vats" kana zvinhu zvekuvaka zviri nyore, haina kudhura zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, mari yekushandisa yakadererawo sezvo ichishandisa simba shoma uye inoda vashandi vashoma pakushanda kwezuva nezuva.

3. Mabhenefiti Ezvakatipoteredza (Zvichienzaniswa) : Kana tichitaura nezvekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, percolation cyanidation inogona kuva nezvakanakira. Semuenzaniso, mukubviswa kwematombo muhump leaching, dombo harigayiwe zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoderedza kugadzirwa kweguruva rakatsetseka. Zvakare, kushandiswa kwezvirongo zve leaching kana heap liner kunobatsira kudzivirira kubuda kwe cyanide - ine mhinduro dzinopinda munharaunda. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti cyanide ichiri chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kwezvakatipoteredza kuchiri kukosha.

4. Maitiro Ari Nyore : Maitiro ekugadzira huni yepecolation ari nyore kunzwisisa uye ari nyore kushandisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti iwanikwe kune makambani madiki ekuchera migodhi ane hunyanzvi hushoma.

payakaipira

1. Kuyerera Kwemvura Kunononoka : Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvekushandiswa kwemvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma inokonzerwa nekuyerera kwemvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwemvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, uko simbi inoyerera inoramba ichisanganiswa neyakagadzirwa necyanide, nzira yekubvisa mvura inoyerera inobva pakufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwemvura inoyerera ichipinda nepakati pesimbi inoyerera. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera nguva yakareba yekubvisa mvura, izvo zvingave zvisina kukodzera kushandiswa kunoda kushanda kwakawanda kana kukurumidza.

2. Kuwana Goridhe Rakaderera Muzvimwe Zviitiko : Mwero wekuwanikwa kwegoridhe mukuparara kwecyanidation unogona kunge wakaderera pane wedzimwe nzira, kunyanya kune matombo ane mineralology yakaoma. Kana goridhe rakaparadzirwa zvakanaka kana kuti rakavharirwa mune zvimwe zvicherwa, cyanide solution ingasakwanise kuwana zvidimbu zvese zvegoridhe zvinobudirira, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekuwanikwa.

3. Kukuvadzwa kweCyanide : Cyanide chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, uye kushandiswa kwayo mukuita kuti iome kunokonzera njodzi huru dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzekuchengetedza. Chero kudonha kwemvura kana kusabatwa zvakanaka kwemvura ine cyanide kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inofanirwa kutevedzerwa kuderedza njodzi idzi.

4. Kunzwa Zvimiro zveMatombo : Kubudirira kwekuva necyanidation inoyerera kunoenderana zvikuru nezvimiro zvematombo. Matombo ane ivhu rakawanda, semuenzaniso, anogona kukonzera matambudziko nekubuda kwemvura muvhu, zvichikonzera kusafamba zvakanaka kwemvura uye kusabuda zvakanaka kwemvura. Pamusoro pezvo, matombo ane mamwe mamineral anogona kusangana necyanide, akadai semamineral ane mhangura, anogona kudya cyanide uye kuderedza kushanda kwenzira yekubuda.

Kuenzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchera goridhe

Kuenzanisa neAgitation Cyanidation

1. Kushanda Nesimba Kwekubvisa Madhaka : Kubvisa madhaka esimbi kunowanzoita kuti dhaka riwedzere kuburitsa madhaka kana zvichienzaniswa nekubvisa madhaka esimbi. Mukubvisa madhaka esimbi, kusanganiswa kwesimbi nesimbi yesimbi kunovimbisa kuti dhaka iri rinobatana zviri nani, zvichikonzera kuti goridhe rinyungudike nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera nguva pfupi yekuburitsa madhaka uye mwero wekuwana goridhe wakakwira, kunyanya kune dhaka rine goridhe rakawanda kana kuti mineralology yakaoma.

2. Midziyo Nemutengo : Kugadzira huni hwecyanidation kunoda michina yakaoma uye inodhura, kusanganisira matangi makuru ekugadzira, mota dzine simba dzekusanganisa, uye masisitimu ekupomba slurry akanyanya kunaka. Izvi zvinoguma nemitengo yepamusoro yemari. Kusiyana neizvi, kugadzira huni hwecyanidation kunoda michina iri nyore, senge ma leaching vats kana zvinhu zvekuvaka zve basic heap, zvichiita kuti ive inoshanda zvakanyanya pakudyara mari. Zvisinei, mari yekushandisa yekugadzira huni hwecyanidation ingasave yakanyanya, sezvo nguva pfupi yekuchenesa inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda pakusanganisa.

3. Kukodzera Mhando dzeMatombo : Kunyungudika kwesimbi kwakakodzera matombo anoda kukuyiwa zvakanaka uye kugadziriswa zvakanyanya, senge matombo egoridhe ane sulfide yakawanda. Kunyungudika kwesimbi kwesimbi, kune rumwe rutivi, kwakakodzera matombo esimbi asina kusimba anogona kugadziriswa ari akaomarara.

Kuenzanisa neNon - Cyanide Gold Extraction Methods

1. Kukanganiswa Kwenzvimbo : Nzira dzekubvisa goridhe dzisina cyanide, dzakadai se thiourea leaching kana bio-leaching, dzinowanzoonekwa sedzisina njodzi kune nharaunda sezvo dzisingashandise cyanide ine chepfu yakawanda. Zvisinei, nzira idzi dzinewo matambudziko adzo ezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, thiourea inogona kukuvadza nharaunda kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka, uye bio-leaching inogona kuda mamiriro chaiwo enharaunda uye nguva yakareba yekugadzirisa. Percolation cyanidation, pasinei nekushandisa cyanide, inogona kutarisirwa nenzira ine hanya nenharaunda nekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwemhinduro dzine cyanide.

2. Mutengo uye Kushanda Nesimba : Nzira dzisiri dzecyanide dzinogona kuva nemitengo yakakwira maererano ne reagents kana kushandiswa kwesimba. Semuenzaniso, thiourea inodhura kupfuura cyanide, uye bio-leaching inogona kuda hunyanzvi hwema microbial cultures uye mamiriro ekunze anodzorwa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mitengo. Panyaya yekushanda zvakanaka, cyanidation, kusanganisira percolation cyanidation, inowanzo kuve negold recovery rate yakakwira zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzisiri dzecyanide, kunyanya kune goridhe rekare.

mhedziso

Percolation cyanidation inzira yakakosha muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe, kunyanya yekurapa yakaderera-giredhi uye oxidized goridhe ores. Kureruka kwaro, kudhura kwakaderera, uye kukodzera kune mamwe marudzi ematombo kunoita kuti ive hurongwa hwakakosha. Nekudaro, haina zvipingamupinyi zvayo, senge kunonoka kudonha, mukana wekudzikisa goridhe kudzoreredza, uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza ine chekuita nekushandiswa kwecyanide. Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba ichishanduka, kuedza kuri kuitwa kuvandudza maitiro ekuita cyanidation, senge kuburikidza nekuita zvirinani ore, optimization yemaparamita ekuita, uye kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzinoshanda uye dzine hushamwari dzekuchengetedza cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo mune dzimwe nzira dzekubvisa goridhe dzinogona kukunda zvipimo zvecyanidation dzirikuenderera mberi. Zvisinei nematambudziko aya, percolation cyanidation ingangoramba ichiita basa rakakura mukugadzirwa kwegoridhe kune ramangwana rinoonekwa, kunyanya mumatunhu ane zviwanikwa zvegoridhe zvakaderera.