Zvakawanda sei zvaunoziva nezve kwakabva cyanides?

Cyanide ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kunzwisisa kwainotangira, mhedzisiro, uye matanho ekuchengetedza kwakakosha mukudzivirira kuratidzwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara zvakanaka.

Zvinyorwa zveCyanide

Maindasitiri Kunyorera

Cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Vashandi mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira ma electroplating, kupenda, kugadzira madhayi, uye kugadzira rabha vane mikana yakawanda yekuonekwa. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzira ma electroplating, Cyanide inoshandiswa kuwedzera kunamira kwesimbi. Zvisinei, kubata zvisina kunaka uye kusatora matanho ekuchengetedza mumaindasitiri aya kunogona kutungamira mukubuda kwecyanide uye kuburitswa munzvimbo.

Zviitiko Zvakasikwa Muzvokudya

Zvinoshamisa kuti cyanide inowanikwawo mune zvimwe zvekudya zvakajairika. Michero yakaita semapichi, mapurumu, maapricot, uye 枇杷 ine hydrogen cyanide. Pakati payo, maarumondi anovava ane huwandu hwakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, cassava, chikafu chikuru munzvimbo zhinji dzinopisa, inewo hydrogen cyanide. Aya macyanide echisikigo anowanzo batanidzwa muchimiro checyanogenic glycosides. Kana zvinhu izvi zvikadyiwa, ma enzymes ari mumuviri anogona kuzvipwanya, zvichigona kuburitsa cyanide yakasununguka.

Biological Production

Muhupenyu hwemunhu, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) inogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nehydrolysis ye amy GDA lin ne enzyme amy gda linase. Kunyangwe HCN isipo yakawanda muzvinhu zvipenyu, inogona kuumbwa pasi pemamwe maitiro enzymatic. Cyanide ine hukama hwakasimba nemaatomu esimbi uye inogona kuumba ma complexes akagadzikana. Hunhu uhwu hunoibvumira kubatana zviri nyore nemapuroteni ane simbi, kazhinji zvichikanganisa mashandiro awo zvakanyanya. Kunyanya, cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme inokosha mucheni yekufema, inogona kudziviswa zvakanyanya kunyangwe paine huwandu hwakaderera se10 - 4M, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti kufema kumire.

Njodzi dzeCyanide

Izvo zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa necyanide pamuviri wemunhu zvinoratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: zvakakomba uye zvisingaperi. Kunyanya kuratidzwa kune cyanide kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Iyo yakaburitswa cyanide ions (CN -) inokanganisa kushanda kwese kwese kwese nekusunga kune akakosha enzymes anobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kweokisijeni. Izvi zvinokanganisa simba remuviri rekushandisa oxygen, zvichiita kuti munhu ave nezviratidzo zvakadai sekukurumidza kufema, kuita dzungu, kutemwa nemusoro, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, kutadza kuziva uye kufa. Kugara kuratidzwa, kunyangwe kusingabude pachena, kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kukuvadzwa kwetsinga, kufema system, uye thyroid gland.

Kungwarira uye Emergency Responses

Kungwarira Kwepabasa

Munzvimbo dzebasa umo cyanide inogadzirwa kana kushandiswa, senge cyanide - inoenderana nemakemikari zvidyarwa, yakasimba mitemo yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kuitwa. Kusvuta uye kudya zvinorambidzwa zvachose munzvimbo dze cyanide - kubata. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupihwa zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, zvinosanganisira magirovhosi, masiki, nembatya dzekudzivirira, kudzivirira cyanide kuti isasvibisa ganda ravo uye kupinda mumiviri yavo kuburikidza nekuinwa kana kufemerwa. Matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuve aripo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti cyanide - ine zvinhu zvakachengetwa, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa nemazvo. Nguva dzose kudzidziswa kuchengetedza uye drills kunofanirwa kuitwa kuwedzera ruzivo rwevashandi nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kugona kupindura kwechimbichimbi.

Emergency Response kune Acute Poisoning

Kana pakaitika tsaona ine chepfu yecyanide, kukurumidza kuita kwakakosha. Imwe yekutanga-yekubatsira matanho ndeye kushandisa amyl nitrite. Tora 1 - 2 ampoules yeamyl nitrite, zviputire mumucheka, uye uzviputse. Zvadaro, bata ma ampoules akatyoka pedyo nemhino nemuromo wemurwere kuti afemedze, panguva imwe cheteyo uchiita kufema kwemaitiro. Raira murwere kuti afemere mhepo kwemasekonzi 15 - 30 pamaminitsi 1 - 2 ega ega. Kuwanda kwekufema kunofanira kugadziriswa maererano nemamiriro emurwere. Mushure mekurapwa kwekutanga uku, murwere anofanirwa kumhanyiswa kuchipatara kuti awane rubatsiro rwezvekurapa, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kupihwa mishonga chaiyo yakadai se sodium nitrite uye sodium thiosulfate.

Mukupedzisa, cyanide, nemanyuko ayo akasiyana uye njodzi dzakakomba, inoda kutarisisa kwedu kukuru. Zvingave mumaindasitiri kana hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kuziva kuvepo kwayo, kutora matanho ekudzivirira, uye kuziva maitiro ekupindura kana kuratidzwa kwakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengeteka.