Iyo Njodzi uye Maitiro Ekurapa eCyanide - ine Wastewater

ziviso

Cyanide - ine mvura yetsvina inyaya yakakosha kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwehupfu. Iwo matatu anozivikanwa zvakanyanya chepfu cyanides, kureva Sodium cyanide (NaCN), potasium cyanide (KCN), uye hydrocyanic acid (HCN), inoisa njodzi huru kune zvese hutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. The common denominator pakati peizvi Cyanides ndiko kugona kwavo kusiyanisa nekusunungura iyo cyanide ion (CN-).

Njodzi dzeCyanide - ine Wastewater

Toxicity Mechanism kune Vanhu

Iyo inouraya toxicology yecyanides iri muchokwadi chekuti cyanide ion (CN-) ine hukama hwakasimba hweiyoni yesimbi. Kamwe chete mumuviri wemunhu, CN- inosunga nyore neayoni esimbi, izvo zvinotungamira mukuderera kweokisijeni - inotakura simba resimbi - ine zvinhu. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvakonzera kushomeka kweokisijeni mumasero epakati tsinga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane chepfu vanowanzofa nekufema kwepakati pekufa mitezo. Chepfu inogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubata ganda, kunwa nemuromo, inhalation, jekiseni, uye mucosal kusangana. Kunyangwe huwandu hudiki hwekuratidzwa kwecyanide hunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Cyanide - ine tsvina, kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa uye kubudiswa mumvura, inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemvura. Zvisikwa zvemumvura zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kune cyanide. Kunyangwe pakadzika pasi, cyanide inogona kukanganisa zvakajairwa mashandiro emuviri ehove, invertebrates, uye mamwe marudzi emumvura, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekukura, matambudziko ekubereka, uye pakupedzisira kufa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kukanganisa iyo yose yemvura ecosystem, inokanganisa cheni dzechikafu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kurapa Maitiro eCyanide - ine Wastewater

Yakakwirira - Yakanyanya Cyanide - ine Wastewater Treatment: Kudzoreredza kweCyanides

Kune yakakwira -concentration cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura, nzira yekudzoreredza cyanides inowanzo shandiswa. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekubvisa uye kudzoreredza akakosha macyanides kubva mumvura ine tsvina. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekubvisa solvent. Mukunyungudutsa kwesolvent, yakafanira organic solvent inoshandiswa kusarudza kubvisa cyanide makomisheni kubva pachikamu chemvura yetsvina. Iyo cyanide - yakaremerwa organic chikamu inogona kuenderera mberi kugadziriswa kuti idzore yakachena cyanides. Iyi nzira ine mukana wekuti kwete chete kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekubvisa cyanide kubva mumvura ine tsvina asi zvakare kudzoreredza inogona kukosha kemikari sosi. Nekudaro, zvinoda kusarudzwa kwekungwarira kwezvinonyungudutsa uye kudzora kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekushanda kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro - kunyatsoita kudhirowa uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekunyungudika.

Yakaderera - Concentration Cyanide - ine Wastewater Treatment: Kuparadzwa kweCyanide

Oxidation Nzira

1.Chemical Oxidation

• Principle: Nzira dzemakemikari dzinoshandisa mishonga yakasimba yekushandura ma-ion e-cyanide kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu zvakanyanya kana kuti zvisina chepfu. Semuenzaniso, ma-oxidants akavakirwa pachlorine akadai sesodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) anogona kuita nema-ion e-cyanide. Mhinduro yacho inotanga yashandura cyanide (CN-) kuita cyanate (CNO-), uye kuwedzera kwe oxidation kunogona kuputsa cyanate kuita kabhoni diokisijeni (CO2), nitrogen (N2), nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi. Mhinduro yacho yese inogona kumiririrwa seinotevera:

• Padanho rekutanga: (CN^ -+OCl^ -\rightarrow CNO^ -+Cl^)

• Padanho rechipiri: (2CNO^ -+3OCl^ -+H_2O\kurudyi 2CO_2 + N_2+3Cl^ -+2OH^ -)

• Advantages: Chemical oxidation iri nyore kushanda uye inogona kushanda mukurapa yakaderera - concentration cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura. Inogona kuitwa mumidziyo iripo yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina ine mamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa maitiro.

• payakaipira: Kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hweoxidizing agents kunogona kudhura. Uyezve, kana isina kudzorwa zvakanaka, maitiro anogona kuburitsa ne-zvigadzirwa zvinogona zvakare kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, kunyanya kushandisa chlorine kunogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwekuuraya hutachiona ne - zvigadzirwa senge trihalomethanes.

2.Electrolytic Oxidation

• Principle: Mu electrolytic oxidation, magetsi anodarika necyanide - ine tsvina musero re electrolytic. Iyo anode yesero inoshanda senzvimbo inoitika oxidation. Cyanide ions yakasvibiswa pane anode pamusoro. Zvinoitwa paanode zvinogona kunyorwa se (2CN ^ -+4OH^ -\rightarrow 2CNO^ -+2H_2O + 2e^ -), uyezve oxidation yecyanate inogona kuitika kuumba carbon dioxide nenitrogen.

• Advantages: Iri nzira yakachena yekurapa sezvo isingaunzi mamwe makemikari zvinhu kunze kwemagetsi. Inogona kuve otomatiki uye kudzorwa nemazvo.

• payakaipira: Zvisinei, sezvakataurwa, electrolytic oxidation inonyanya kushandisa simba. Kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi kwemagetsi kunoita kuti mutengo wekurapa uwedzere. Pamusoro pezvo, maelectrodes anogona kusangana nekuora nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvinoda kugara uchigadziriswa uye kutsiva.

Biological Treatment

1. Principle: Biological kurapwa kwecyanide - ine tsvina yemvura inovimba netupukanana tunokwanisa kugadzira cyanide secarbon kana nitrogen sosi. Mamwe mabhakitiriya uye fungi ane kugona kuputsa cyanide kuburikidza nekuita enzymatic. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya ecyanide - anosvibisa anogona kushandura cyanide kuita ammonia uye kuumbwa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yematanho enzymatic. Iyo ammonia inogona kubva yawedzerwa nitrified nemamwe ma microorganisms muhurongwa hwekurapa.

2. Advantages: Kurapa kweBiological kunowanzoenderana nenharaunda sezvo kusingasanganisi kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemakemikari. Inogona kuva inodhura - inoshanda pakurapa yakaderera - concentration cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura kwenguva refu, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pane yakakodzera microbial consortium yakagadzwa.

3. payakaipira: Zvisineyi, kurapwa kwebiology kunotarisisa zvakanyanya kune shanduko mukuumbwa kwemvura yetsvina, tembiricha, uye pH. Kamwe-kamwe shanduko mune aya ma parameter anogona kutadzisa kukura uye kuita kweiyo cyanide - inoshatisa ma microorganisms, zvichiita kuti kuderedzwa kwekurapa kwakanaka. Inodawo nguva yakareba yekurapa kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzemakemikari.

Cyanide Regeneration uye Recovery Method

1. Principle: Iyi nzira yakafanana neyekudzoreredza nzira yekumusoro-concentration tsvina yemvura asi inogona zvakare kuiswa kune mamwe akaderera-concentration kesi. Inotarisa pakuvandudza uye kudzoreredza cyanide kubva mumvura ine tsvina. Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa ion - exchange resins. Iyo cyanide ions mumvura ine tsvina inogona kushambadzirwa pane resin pamusoro. Zvino, nekushandisa yakanakira eluent, iyo cyanide inogona kucheneswa kubva muresin uye kupora.

2. Advantages: Inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwese kwecyanide mumaindasitiri maitiro nekudzoreredza iyo cyanide. Izvi hazvingobatsiri hupfumi chete asiwo zvinoderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoenderana nekuraswa kwecyanide - ine tsvina yemvura.

3. payakaipira: Iyo ion - exchange resin inoda kunyatsosarudzwa uye kuchengetedzwa. Iyo nzira yekuvandudza inogona kuda kushandiswa kwemamwe makemikari, uye kune njodzi yekusvibisa resin, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushanda kweiyo cyanide kudzoreredza maitiro.

mhedziso

Cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura injodzi yakakomba yezvakatipoteredza uye hutano. Kunzwisisa toxicity nzira uye kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa kwakakosha. Imwe neimwe nzira yekurapa, ingave iri yepamusoro - kana yakaderera - yekumisikidza tsvina yemvura, ine yayo yega seti yezvakanakira nezvayakaipira. Sarudzo yenzira yekurapa inotsamira pazvinhu zvakasiyana senge yekutanga cyanide concentration, inodiwa kurapwa kunyatsoshanda, mutengo - kushanda, uye nharaunda kukanganisa. Mune ramangwana, kutsvagisa kwakawanda nekusimudzira kunodiwa kuvandudza maitiro ekurapa aripo uye kugadzira nzira nyowani, dzinoshanda, uye dzinodhura - dzinoshanda dzekurapa cyanide - ine mvura yetsvina kuti ive nharaunda yakachena uye yakachengeteka.