Iyo Njodzi uye Maitiro Ekurapa eCyanide - ine Wastewater

ziviso

Cyanide - ine mvura yakasviba idambudziko guru kune nharaunda nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hune chepfu. Macyanide matatu anozivikanwa zvikuru ane chepfu , anoti Sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), uye hydrocyanic acid (HCN), ane njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu nenharaunda. Chinhu chinowanzoonekwa pakati pemaCyanide aya kugona kwawo kuparadzanisa nekuburitsa cyanide ion (CN-) zviri nyore.

Njodzi dzeCyanide - ine Wastewater

Toxicity Mechanism kune Vanhu

Iyo inouraya toxicology yecyanides iri muchokwadi chekuti cyanide ion (CN-) ine hukama hwakasimba hweiyoni yesimbi. Kamwe chete mumuviri wemunhu, CN- inosunga nyore neayoni esimbi, izvo zvinotungamira mukuderera kweokisijeni - inotakura simba resimbi - ine zvinhu. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvakonzera kushomeka kweokisijeni mumasero epakati tsinga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane chepfu vanowanzofa nekufema kwepakati pekufa mitezo. Chepfu inogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubata ganda, kunwa nemuromo, inhalation, jekiseni, uye mucosal kusangana. Kunyangwe huwandu hudiki hwekuratidzwa kwecyanide hunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Cyanide - ine tsvina, kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa uye kubudiswa mumvura, inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemvura. Zvisikwa zvemumvura zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kune cyanide. Kunyangwe pakadzika pasi, cyanide inogona kukanganisa zvakajairwa mashandiro emuviri ehove, invertebrates, uye mamwe marudzi emumvura, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekukura, matambudziko ekubereka, uye pakupedzisira kufa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kukanganisa iyo yose yemvura ecosystem, inokanganisa cheni dzechikafu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kurapa Maitiro eCyanide - ine Wastewater

Yakakwirira - Yakanyanya Cyanide - ine Wastewater Treatment: Kudzoreredza kweCyanides

Kune yakakwira -concentration cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura, nzira yekudzoreredza cyanides inowanzo shandiswa. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekubvisa uye kudzoreredza akakosha macyanides kubva mumvura ine tsvina. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekubvisa solvent. Mukunyungudutsa kwesolvent, yakafanira organic solvent inoshandiswa kusarudza kubvisa cyanide makomisheni kubva pachikamu chemvura yetsvina. Iyo cyanide - yakaremerwa organic chikamu inogona kuenderera mberi kugadziriswa kuti idzore yakachena cyanides. Iyi nzira ine mukana wekuti kwete chete kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekubvisa cyanide kubva mumvura ine tsvina asi zvakare kudzoreredza inogona kukosha kemikari sosi. Nekudaro, zvinoda kusarudzwa kwekungwarira kwezvinonyungudutsa uye kudzora kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekushanda kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro - kunyatsoita kudhirowa uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekunyungudika.

Yakaderera - Concentration Cyanide - ine Wastewater Treatment: Kuparadzwa kweCyanide

Oxidation Nzira

1.Chemical Oxidation

• Musimboti : Nzira dzemakemikari dzinoshandisa mishonga yakasimba yekushandura ma-ion e-cyanide kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu kana kuti zvisina chepfu. Semuenzaniso, ma-oxidants akavakirwa pachlorine akadai sesodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) anogona kuita nema-ion e-cyanide. Mhinduro yacho inotanga yashandura cyanide (CN-) kuita cyanate (CNO-), uye kuwedzera kwe-oxidation kunogona kuputsa cyanate kuita Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina njodzi. Mhinduro yacho yese inogona kumiririrwa seinotevera:

• Padanho rekutanga: (CN^ -+OCl^ -\rightarrow CNO^ -+Cl^)

• Padanho rechipiri: (2CNO^ -+3OCl^ -+H_2O\kurudyi 2CO_2 + N_2+3Cl^ -+2OH^ -)

• Zvakanakira : Kuoxidation yemakemikari kuri nyore kushandisa uye kunogona kushanda zvakanaka mukurapa mvura yakasviba ine cyanide shoma. Inogona kushandiswa muzvigadziko zvekuchenesa mvura yakasviba zviripo pamwe nekuchinja maitiro ekurapa.

• Zvakashata : Kushandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinooxidisa makemikari kunogona kudhura. Uyezve, kana zvikasadzorwa zvakanaka, zvinogona kukonzera zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa chlorine zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwezvinhu zvakaita setrihalomethanes.

2.Electrolytic Oxidation

• Musimboti : Mukushandiswa kwemagetsi, magetsi anopfuudzwa nemu cyanide - ine mvura yakasviba musero remagetsi. Anode yesero inoshanda senzvimbo inogadzirwa oxidation. Maion eCyanide anogadzirwa oxidation pamusoro peanode. Maitiro ese paanode anogona kunyorwa se (2CN^ -+4OH^ -\rightarrow 2CNO^ -+2H_2O + 2e^ -), uye kuwedzera oxidation yecyanate kunogona kuitika kuumba carbon dioxide nenitrogen.

• Zvakanakira : Inzira yekurapa yakachena nekuti haiunzi mamwe makemikari kunze kwemaerekitirodhi. Inogona kugadzirwa otomatiki uye kudzorwa nemazvo.

• Zvakashata : Zvisinei, sezvataurwa, electrolytic oxidation inotora simba rakawanda. Kudiwa kwemagetsi anogara achiwanikwa kunoita kuti mutengo wekugadzirisa uve wakakwira. Pamusoro pezvo, maelectrode anogona kusangana nengura nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva uye kutsiviwa.

Biological Treatment

1. Musimboti : Kurapa cyanide - ine mvura yakasviba kuburikidza nehutachiona hunogona kuchinja cyanide senzvimbo yekabhoni kana nitrogen. Mamwe mabhakitiriya nefungus ane simba rekuputsa cyanide kuburikidza nemaitiro e enzyme. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya anoparadza cyanide anogona kushandura cyanide kuita ammonia uye kugadzira kuburikidza nematanho akatevedzana e enzyme. Ammonia inogona kuwedzerwa nitification nedzimwe tupukanana dziri muchirongwa chekurapa.

2. Zvakanakira : Kurapa nekushandisa zvinhu zvipenyu kunowanzo chengetedza nharaunda sezvo kusingasanganisire kushandiswa kwemakemikari akawanda. Kunogona kushanda zvakanaka pakurapa mvura yakasviba ine cyanide shoma kwenguva refu, kunyanya kana paine boka remabhakitiriya rakakodzera.

3. Zvakashata : Zvisinei, kurapwa nemakemikari kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura yakasviba, tembiricha, uye pH. Kuchinja kamwe kamwe muzvikamu izvi kunogona kudzivirira kukura uye kushanda kwebhakitiriya inoparadza cyanide, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kuome. Zvinodawo nguva yakareba yekurapa zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzemakemikari.

Cyanide Regeneration uye Recovery Method

1. Nheyo : Nzira iyi yakafanana nenzira yekudzoreredza mvura yakasviba ine huwandu hwakawanda asi inogona kushandiswawo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine huwandu hushoma. Inotarisa pakugadzirazve uye kudzoreredza cyanide kubva mumvura yakasviba. Imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa ion-exchange resins. Maion ecyanide ari mumvura yakasviba anogona kunamirwa pamusoro pe resin. Zvadaro, nekushandisa eluent yakakodzera, cyanide inogona kubviswa kubva mu resin yodzorerwa.

2. Zvakanakira : Zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide mumaindasitiri nekushandisazve cyanide. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete pahupfumi asiwo zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nekurasa cyanide - mvura yakasviba ine cyanide.

3. Zvakashata : Maresini eion-exchange anofanira kusarudzwa nekungwarira uye kuchengetedzwa. Maitiro ekugadzirisa anogona kuda kushandiswa kwemamwe makemikari, uye pane njodzi yekusvibiswa kweresini, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa cyanide.

mhedziso

Cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura injodzi yakakomba yezvakatipoteredza uye hutano. Kunzwisisa toxicity nzira uye kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa kwakakosha. Imwe neimwe nzira yekurapa, ingave iri yepamusoro - kana yakaderera - yekumisikidza tsvina yemvura, ine yayo yega seti yezvakanakira nezvayakaipira. Sarudzo yenzira yekurapa inotsamira pazvinhu zvakasiyana senge yekutanga cyanide concentration, inodiwa kurapwa kunyatsoshanda, mutengo - kushanda, uye nharaunda kukanganisa. Mune ramangwana, kutsvagisa kwakawanda nekusimudzira kunodiwa kuvandudza maitiro ekurapa aripo uye kugadzira nzira nyowani, dzinoshanda, uye dzinodhura - dzinoshanda dzekurapa cyanide - ine mvura yetsvina kuti ive nharaunda yakachena uye yakachengeteka.