Cyanide Poisoning: Zvinokonzera, Zviratidzo, uye Emergency Response

Cyanide, kemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya, yakagara iri nyaya yekunetsekana nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kuhutano hwevanhu. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze cyanide, sodium cyanide inotanhamara sechinhu chine ngozi zvikuru, chinowanzobatanidzwa mutsaona dzamaindasitiri uye, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kuisirwa chepfu nemaune. Kunzwisisa chimiro che sodium cyanide chepfu, zviratidzo zvayo, uye mhinduro yakakodzera yechimbichimbi yakakosha pakuchengetedza hupenyu uye kuderedza kukonzeresa kwenguva refu kwechiitiko ichi chinogona kuuraya.

Kunzwisisa Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ichena, crystalline yakasimba ine almond isina kusimba - sechinhuhwira. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira migodhi, electroplating, uye kugadzira makemikari. Munzvimbo idzi dzemaindasitiri, vashandi vanogona kuratidzwa Sodium Cyanide kuburikidza nekufema, kubata ganda, kana kunwa. Uyezve, Sodium cyanide inogona kupinda zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nemarara emaindasitiri uye kuisa njodzi kune veruzhinji.

Apo sodium cyanide inopinda mumuviri, inoparadzanisa kuva cyanide ions. Aya maion anosunga ku cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme yakakosha pakufema kwemasero. Somugumisiro, masero haakwanisi kushandisa okisijeni, zvichiita kuti kukurumidza kutanga kwezviratidzo.

Zviratidzo zveSodium cyanide Poisoning

Zviratidzo zvesodium cyanide poisoning zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzira uye huwandu hwekuratidzwa. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira:

1. Kutambudzika kwekufema: Kutadza kufema, kukurumidza kufema, uye kunzwa uchizarirwa zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechepfu yecyanide. Sezvo mamiriro acho achifambira mberi, kufema kunogona kuderera, zvichiita kuti kufema kusungwa.

2. Musoro uye chizungu: Vanyajambwa vanowanzobatwa nomusoro wakakomba, dzungu, uye kuvhiringidzika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanogonawo kurasikirwa nepfungwa.

3. Cardiovascular effects: Chepfu yeCyanide inogona kukonzera kukurumidza kana kusarongeka kwemoyo, kuderera kweropa, uye pakupedzisira kusungwa kwemwoyo.

4. Zviratidzo zvepamuviri: Nausea, kurutsa, uye kurwadziwa mudumbu zvinogara zvichitaurwawo.

Mhinduro Yekurumidzira

1. Kubviswa pakarepo kubva kunobva kuratidzwa: Kana muchetura ukaitika munzvimbo yeindasitiri kana nzvimbo ine cyanide, munhu anenge abatwa nechirwere anofanira kubviswa achiendeswa kunzvimbo ine mhepo inofefetera. Muzviitiko zvekusangana kweganda, zvipfeko zvakasvibiswa zvinofanira kubviswa pakarepo, uye nzvimbo yakakanganiswa inofanira kunyatsogezwa nemvura kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.

2. Dana rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira: Dzvanya nhamba yenzvimbo yechimbichimbi (yakadai se911 muUnited States) nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Ipa mushandisi ruzivo rwakadzama nezve inofungidzirwa chepfu yecyanide, kusanganisira nzvimbo, huwandu hwevakabatwa, uye chero zviratidzo zvinooneka.

3. Batsira rubatsiro rwekutanga: Kana munhu wacho asiri kufema, tanga kumutsiridza mwoyo (CPR) nekukurumidza. Kana iripo, shandisa automated external defibrillator (AED) maererano nemirairo yemugadziri.

4. Kurapa muchipatara: Muchipatara, kurapa kwekutanga kwecyanide chepfu ndiko kutonga kwemishonga. Hydroxocobalamin inowanzoshandiswa mishonga inosunga cyanide ions, ichigadzira muchetura usina muchetura unogona kubuda kubva mumuviri. Sodium thiosulfate inogona zvakare kupihwa kusimudzira maitiro emuviri echisikigo detoxification.

dziviriro

1. Industrial kuchengetedza matanho: Vashandi mumaindasitiri anoshandisa sodium cyanide vanofanira kuita matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza kudzivirira kuratidzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa vashandi midziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakafanira, senge mafemero nemagirovhosi, uye kugara vachidzidzira kuchengetedza.

2. Kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza: Kuongorora nharaunda yekusvibiswa kwecyanide kwakakosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Kugara uchiongorora mhepo, mvura, uye ivhu kunogona kubatsira kuona zvingangokonzera utachiona uye kudzivirira kupararira kwakawanda.

Sodium cyanide chepfu idambudziko rakakura rekurapa rinoda kutariswa nekukurumidza. Nekunzwisisa zvinokonzeresa, zviratidzo, uye nzira dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi, vanhu vanogona kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira ivo nevamwe kana vasangana. Pamusoro pezvo, kuita matanho ekudzivirira mumaindasitiri uye kutarisa nharaunda kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yezviitiko zvine chekuita necyanide.