Toxicity yeLiquid Sodium Cyanide uye Yekutanga - Aid Matanho

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda, uye chimiro chayo chemvura chinounza njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu nenharaunda. Kunzwisisa nzira dzayo dzechepfu uye kuziva matanho akakodzera ekubatsira kana paine njodzi kwakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri uko inoshandiswa, senge mukuchera goridhe rekubvisa goridhe uye mune mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira makemikari.

2. Muchetura weLiquid Sodium Cyanide

2.1. Mechanism yeToxicity

Liquid Sodium Cyanide inobuda mumuviri kuti ibudise cyanide ions (CN⁻). Aya ma cyanide ions ane hukama hwakanyanya ne cytochrome oxidase, enzyme complex iri mu mitochondria yemasero. Nekusunga ku cytochrome oxidase, cyanide inodzivisa electron transport chain, inova chikamu chakakosha chekufema kwe aerobic. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero haakwanise kushandisa okisijeni zvinobudirira, zvichikonzera histotoxic hypoxia. Muchidimbu, masero anoshaya okisijeni kunyangwe paine huwandu hwakakwana muropa, zvichikanganisa mashandiro emasero uye metabolism.

2.2. Nzira Dzekufumurwa uye Associated Toxic Effects

2.2.1. Kufema

Kana mhute kana mhute yeLiquid sodium cyanide ikafemeswa, zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nekukurumidza. Mukati mekufema ndipo panotanga kukanganiswa. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira kutsamwa pahuro, kukosora, uye kunzwa kubatwa muchipfuva. Sezvo kufemeswa kuchiwedzera, zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvakaita sekupfupika kwemweya, kufema nekukurumidza, uye kana munhu akabatwa zvakanyanya, kufema kunogona kumira. Kufemeswa kunyange huwandu hushoma hwecyanide - hune mhute kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu nekuda kwekupinda nekukurumidza kwecyanide muropa kuburikidza nealveoli mumapapu.

2.2.2. Skin Contact

Kusangana zvakananga neganda ne sodium cyanide yemvura kunogonawo kuva nengozi. Kusashanda zvakanaka kweSodium cyanide solutions kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda, kutsva, uye ngura. Pamusoro pezvo, kana paine maronda, mavanga, kana maronda akavhurika paganda, cyanide inogona kupinda muropa. Kusangana neganda kwenguva refu kana kuti kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera chepfu mumuviri, nezviratidzo zvakafanana nezvokunwa kana kufemereka, zvakaita semusoro, dzungu, kushaya simba, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, kumira kwemoyo.

2.2.3. Kudya

Kunwa mvura sodium cyanide kune njodzi zvakanyanya. Kunyange mari shoma inogona kuuraya. Iyo cyanide ions inokurumidza kunyudzwa kuburikidza nemudumbu remukati muropa. Zviratidzo zvinowanzotanga mukati memaminitsi uye zvinogona kusanganisira kusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa nemudumbu, uye kunzwa kupisa mumuromo nepahuro. Sezvo chepfu ichipararira nemuviri, inogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa nekuziva, kubatwa, uye pakupedzisira, kufa nekuda kwekufema uye kutadza kwemoyo.

2.3. Lethal Dose

Iyo inouraya dose yemvura sodium cyanide inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzira yekuratidzwa, mamiriro ehutano hwemunhu, uye huremu hwemuviri. Nekudaro, kazhinji, sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye shoma shoma inogona kuuraya. Semuenzaniso, iyo inogona kuitika yemuromo inouraya dose muvanhu inofungidzirwa kuva isingasviki 5 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kumunhu mukuru-akaenzana (anenge 70 kg), isingasviki 350 mg ye sodium cyanide inogona kuuraya kana ikanwiwa.

3. Chekutanga - Aid Measures

3.1. Kufema

1. Kubuda Pakarepo : Kana munhu akafema utsi hwemvura ye sodium cyanide kana mhute, anofanira kubviswa nekukurumidza kubva munzvimbo ine tsvina kuenda kunzvimbo ine mhepo itsva. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwechinhu chine chepfu.

2. Chengetedza Nzira Yekufema Uye Kufema : Iva nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekufema yemunhu ari kurwara yakachena. Kana munhu ari kuomerwa nekufema, ipa mweya wekufema wekugadzira kana wakadzidziswa kudaro. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti usamutsire mweya kubva mumuromo kuenda kumuromo sezvo paine njodzi yekusangana necyanide kumununuri. Pane kudaro, shandisa mask yebhegi - vharuvhu - ine oxygen yekuwedzera kana iripo.

3. Tsvaga Rubatsiro rweChiremba Nokukurumidza : Fonerai masevhisi ekurapa ekukurumidzira (EMS) nekukasika. Paunenge wakamirira amburenzi, tarisai zviratidzo zvemunhu akabatwa, zvakaita sekufema uye kurova kwemoyo. Kana munhu akabatwa akarasikirwa nepfungwa kana kuti mwoyo wake ukamira, tangai cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) kana makadzidziswa, muchitevera gwara rakakodzera.

3.2. Skin Contact

1. Bvisa Mbatya Dzakasvibiswa : Bvisa mbatya chero ipi zvayo yakabatana ne sodium cyanide inonyunguduka nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira ganda kuti risanyanya kubatwa uye kunyunguduka. Paunenge uchibvisa mbatya, chenjerera kuti usaparadzire kemikari kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri kana kumununuri.

2. Geza Ganda Zvakakwana : Geza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yeganda nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza sodium cyanide uye kubvisa paganda. Kana iripo, mushonga we5% we sodium thiosulfate unogona kushandiswa kusuka ganda mushure mekushambidzwa nemvura kekutanga. Sodium thiosulfate inogona kubatsira kubvisa cyanide paganda.

3. Tsvaga Rubatsiro Kuna Chiremba : Mushure mekusuka ganda, munhu wacho anofanira kuendeswa kuchipatara kuti anoongororwa uye arapwe. Kunyangwe ganda risingaratidzike serakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, panogona kunge paine njodzi yekukuvadzwa nemuviri, uye vanachiremba vanogona kutarisa kana paine zviratidzo zvechepfu.

3.3. Kudya

1. Usaita Kuti Munhu Arutse : Hazvifanirwe kuitika kuti munhu arutse nekuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya pagurokuro uye kuwedzera njodzi yekusvuta chepfu ichi mumapapu.

2. Sukurudza Muromo : Kana munhu wacho achiziva, sukurudza muromo wake nemvura zvakanaka kuti ubvise chero zvisaririra zve sodium cyanide.

3. Isa Mishonga Yekurapa Uchitarisirwa Nechiremba : Mishonga mikuru yekurapa chepfu yecyanide ihydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) uye musanganiswa we sodium nitrite ne sodium thiosulfate. Zvisinei, mishonga iyi inofanira kungopihwa nenyanzvi dzezvehutano chete. EMS inofanira kufonerwa nekukasika, uye munhu akabatwa anofanira kutakurwa kuenda kuchipatara nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Muchipatara, mushonga wakakodzera uchapihwa zvichienderana nekuoma kwechepfu uye mamiriro emunhu wacho.

4. Kutarisirwa Kwekutsigira : Pamusoro pekurapwa nemishonga, munhu anenge abatwa nechirwere angada rubatsiro rwekutsigira, zvakaita semvura inopinzwa mutsinga kuti arambe aine mvura mumuviri, mishonga yekudzora pfari kana ikaitika, uye kutarisa zviratidzo zvinokosha, zvinosanganisira kurova kwemoyo, BP, uye oxygen saturation.

4. Kudzivirira uye Kuchengetedza Kuchengetedza

Kudzivirira kuratidzwa kune mvura sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzebasa paanoshandiswa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupihwa midziyo yekuzvidzivirira yakafanira (PPE), kusanganisira magirovhosi asingagone kubatwa nekemikari, magirazi, nekudzivirira kufema. Nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanirwa kunge dzichifefeterwa zvakanaka kuti dzideredze njodzi yekufemerwa nemhepo yecyanide. Panofanirawo kuve nechiratidzo chakajeka chinoratidza kuvepo kwechinhu chine muchetura, uye vashandi vanofanirwa kugara vachidzidziswa nezve mabatiro akachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa kwemvura sodium cyanide, uye nezve zvekuita kana zvikaitika netsaona.

Mukupedzisa, liquid sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuratidzwa kwairi kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pahutano hwevanhu. Kuziva maitiro ehuchetura uye kujairana neakakodzera matanho ekutanga erubatsiro anogona kuita mutsauko wakakura mukuponesa hupenyu kana paine emergency.