Kurapa Kwakakodzera kweLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

ziviso

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai semigodhi, electroplating, uye makemikari synthesis nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe Sodium Cyanide zvisingadzivisiki inogadzira cyanide - ine tsvina, uye Liquid Sodium Cyanide tsvina, kunyanya, inoisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda kana ikasabatwa nemazvo. Cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kune zvipenyu kunyangwe mudiki. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kutora nzira dzakarurama dzekugadzirisa marara aya.

Njodzi dzeLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Toxicity Kuvanhu

Cyanide inogona kupinda mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza nekufema, kupinza, kana kubata ganda. Kamwe mukati memuviri, inogona kukurumidza kusunga kune cytochrome oxidase mumasero, ichivharira kufema kweserura uye ichitungamira kune tishu hypoxia. Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukonzera kufa nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe kuratidzwa kwakaderera kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita semusoro, dzungu, kushaya simba, uye mune dzimwe nguva, matambudziko ehutano asingaperi. Pakubata nemvura sodium cyanide tsvina, njodzi yekusangana netsaona yakakura, kunyanya kana matanho ekudzivirira akakodzera asiripo.

Impact paZvipenyu Zvemvura

Liquid Sodium cyanide marara, kana akarasirwa mumvura, ane muchetura zvakanyanya kuhupenyu hwemumvura. Kunyangwe pakadzika zvakanyanya, inogona kukanganisa maitiro epanyama ehove, invertebrates, uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura. Inogona kukanganisa kufema kwavo, kukura, kubereka, uye hurongwa hwekudzivirira zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, kana chiyero che cyanide ion chiri 0.02 - 1.0 mg / l (mumaawa makumi maviri nemana), hove dzinogona kufa. Cyanide inogona zvakare kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwenguva refu kune zvipenyu zvemumvura nekudzikisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kukanganisa chikafu chekudya.

Migumisiro paZvirimwa

Kana zvidyarwa zvakafumurwa kune mvura sodium cyanide tsvina, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakukura kwavo nekukura. Yakanyanya kuwanda yecyanide inogona kutadzisa chirimwa kukura, kuderedza kutorwa kwekudya, uye kukanganisa photosynthesis. Munzvimbo dzekurima, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwegoho uye kunaka. Pamusoro pezvo, kana tsvina yesodium cyanide ikashandiswa pakudiridzira, inogona kusvibisa ivhu, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwevhu uye kukura kwezvirimwa zvinozotevera.

Kurapa Nzira dzeLiquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Alkaline Chlorination Method

Principle: Nzira iyi inogadzirisa pH ye liquid sodium cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura kusvika pa 8.5 - 9 uye yowedzera chlorine - based oxidants. Iyo chlorine - based oxidants, senge bleach (kunyanya NaClO) kana chlorine gasi (Cl₂, inonyungudika mumvura kuita HClO), inoita neiyo cyanide ions (CN⁻). Padanho rekutanga, cyanide yakashongedzwa kuti cyanate (CNO⁻), iyo ine muchetura zvishoma. Kuwedzera oxidation inogona kushandura cyanate kuita kabhoni dhaibhoni (CO₂) uye nitrogen (N₂). Maitiro emakemikari anogona kungoratidzwa se:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa: Iyo alkaline chlorination nzira iri nyore kushandisa uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Inogona kunyatso kudzikisa cyanide yemukati mumvura yetsvina kusvika padanho rakaderera. Nekudaro, inonyanya kukodzera kurapa mvura yetsvina ine yakaderera cyanide concentrations. Kana huwandu hwe cyanide hwakanyanya, huwandu hukuru hweklorini-based oxidants hunozodiwa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo wekurapa uye kuburitsa chechipiri tsvina.

Pressurizing Hydrolysis Method

Principle: Munzira iyi, liquid sodium cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura inoiswa mumudziyo wakavharwa. Alkali inowedzerwa, uye ipapo mvura yakasvibiswa inopisa uye inomanikidzwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, cyanide inopinda hydrolysis reactions. Cyanide ions inobata nemamorekuru emvura kugadzira isiri-chepfu sodium formate (HCOONA) uye ammonia (NH₃). Iyo Chemical reaction equation ndeye:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa: Iyo inodzvinyirira hydrolysis nzira ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuchinjika kuhuwandu hwe cyanide mumvura yakasviba. Inogonawo kubata yakaoma cyanide compounds. Oparesheni yacho yakatwasanuka maererano nemaitiro ekuita. Nekudaro, iyi nzira inoda midziyo yakakosha yekumanikidza uye kupisa, izvo zvinoita kuti hurongwa hwese huve hwakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, mashandisirwo emagetsi uye mari yemidziyo yakakwira zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kudhura kwekurapa.

Acidized Method

Principle: Munzira ine acidized, sulfuric acid inowedzerwa kune liquid sodium cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura kugadzirisa pH kusvika 2 - 3. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acidic, cyanide mumvura yakasvibiswa inoita kuti iite hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Sezvo kuwanda kwehydrogen cyanide gasi kuri kudiki, uye uchishandisa musimboti wekumanikidza kwemhepo, mweya unopfuudzwa nemumvura yakasviba kutakura hydrogen cyanide gasi kubuda. Iyo inotakurwa - yehydrogen cyanide gasi inogona kuiswa mune alkali mhinduro yekudzokorodza. Iyo huru yemakemikari reaction ndeye:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa: Imwe yemabhenefiti eiyi nzira ndeyekuti inogona kudzoreredza sodium cyanide, iyo ine humwe hupfumi hunokosha. Zvisinei, iyi nzira inoda kudzora kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekushanda. Hydrogen cyanide gasi ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuvuza panguva yekuita kunogona kutyisidzira zvakanyanya nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, yakakwirira-yepamusoro nhanho dzekuchengetedza uye yekuisa chisimbiso chemidziyo inodiwa.

Biological Treatment Nzira

Principle: Mamwe ma microorganisms anokwanisa kuora cyanide. In Biological Treatment Nzira, mabhakitiriya chaiwo kana fungi inoshandiswa kuderedza cyanide mumarara emvura. Aya ma microorganisms anogona kushandisa cyanide sekabhoni kana nitrogen sosi kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemaitiro enzymatic, achiishandura kuita isiri-chepfu zvinhu zvakaita secarbon dioxide, mvura, uye ammonia. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya ecyanide - anosvibisa anogona kuputsa cyanide kuita makomisheni mashoma anokuvadza kuburikidza nemaitiro emagetsi.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa: Biological kurapwa nzira dzine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza sezvo vasingaunzi nhamba huru yemakemikari reagents. Dzinogona kuva mutengo - unoshanda pakurapa yakaderera - yekumisikidza cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura pamusoro pekushanda kwenguva refu. Nekudaro, ivo vanonzwa nezvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu senge tembiricha, pH, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu mumarara. Iyo nzira yekurapa inogona zvakare kuda nguva yakati rebei kuti iwane yaunoda kurapwa maitiro, uye yekutanga kuseta kweiyo biological kurapwa system inogona kuve yakaoma.

Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza panguva Yekurapa

Kana uchibata mvura sodium cyanide tsvina, yakasimba Safety Tsaona inofanira kutorwa. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakafanira, kusanganisira masutu anodzivirira kemikari, magirovhosi, magirazi uye midziyo yekudzivirira kufema. Nzvimbo yekurapisa inofanirwa kunge ine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka, uye midziyo yekupindura nechimbichimbi yakaita senzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso neshawa dzekuchengetedza dzinofanira kuwanikwa zviri nyore. Pamusoro pezvo, mashandiro ese ekurapwa anofanirwa kuenderana neakakodzera mirau yekuchengetedza uye zviyero kudzivirira tsaona uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi uye nharaunda.

mhedziso

Kurapwa kwakaringana kwemarara sodium cyanide kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Nekunzwisisa njodzi dzemarara aya uye kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa dzakadai sealkaline chlorination, kudzvanya hydrolysis, acidized kurapwa, kana biological kurapwa, pamwe chete nekuchengetedza kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza, isu tinogona zvinobudirira kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nemarara sodium cyanide. Izvo zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri anogadzira tsvina yakadaro aise mari munzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekurapa uye ave nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvekubata uye nzira dzekurapa dzinoitwa nenzira ine mutoro uye inoteedzera.