Kusundidzira kuMugodhi Pasina Mercury-kazhinji sodium cyanide

Boka rinotsigirwa neUN rinobatsira vashandi vemigodhi midiki muPhilippines kuwana imwe nzira yakachengeteka - inowanzova sodium cyanide.

Vashandi vanogadzira simbi ine goridhe pachirimwa chidiki muParacale, kuPhilippines.

MuPhilippines, semunzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, mercury yagara iri chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti vacheri vegoridhe vadiki vawane raramo. Ichishandiswa senzira iri nyore yekuparadzanisa goridhe kubva kune zvimwe zvicherwa zvavanochera, simbi iyi ine chepfu yakawanda uye inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwetsinga, zvikanganiso mudumbu, uye kunyange rufu.

Nyika yePhilippine yakarambidza kushandiswa kwemercury mukuchera goridhe muna 2012. Asi vasina kunyoreswa vashandi vemumigodhi munyika iyi vanoramba vachivimba nekemikari iyi kuti vawane mihoro yavo yezuva nezuva. Kwavari, pfungwa yekuramba inokunda, kunyangwe kudzidza nezve njodzi dzehutano uye kunyangwe kufa nguva isati yakwana inowanikwa nevanhu vanoshanda muchikamu.

Muridzi wemugodhi uye mukweretesi kuvacheri anoita nzvimbo diki inochera matombo kubva mumigero yakacherwa pasi pasi penzvimbo yacho uye inoagadzira muzvigayo. Zvipunu zvishoma zvemekiyuri zvinopinzwa mukati pese apo zvigayo zvinopiswa.

Artisanal miners vanoshandisa mercury nekuti iri nyore. Kana mercury yasanganiswa ne ore, inosunganidza negoridhe, ichigadzira musanganiswa wezvikamu zvinenge zvakaenzana zvesimbi mbiri. Iyo mercury inobva yapiswa, ichisiya goridhe asi zvakare kugadzira mhute ine muchetura inofemerwa nevazhinji vemigodhi nekusaziva.

Muridzi wemugodhi uyu anoti nezvekushandisa mercury kutsigira mhuri, achitsanangura kuti shaft yaifanira kuvharwa uye mugero mutsva wakaiswa mukati mushure medutu rakakonzera mafashamo.

Mercury - mvura ine tsvina iri pese pese panzvimbo iyi, kusanganisa mudziva diki umo vashandi vemigodhi vanoshandisa chepfu iyi kugadzira goridhe musimbi inobviswa pachigayo. Dziva racho rakakomberedzwa nemasaga ejecha uye rinogara zvishoma kubva kurwizi uko vana vadiki vanoredza.

Vana vanoredza pedyo nomugodhi muduku wendarama muParacale, Philippines, uyo unopfuurira kushandisa mercury mukuchera.

Muridzi anobvuma kuti mercury ine ngozi zvikuru. Kune varume vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vanoshanda pazviteshi zvakasiyana munzvimbo yakaoma, uye vamwe gumi vari mushishi kuchera simbi pasi petsoka. Vashandi vanoudzwa kuti vasaishandisa kana vaine mavanga, kudzivirira kunyura muropa.

Kushanya kwekambani iyi inzira yerwendo rwevatori venhau rwakarongwa nechirongwa chinotungamirwa neUnited Nations, planetGOLD, icho chinoshanda mukubatsira vanochera goridhe vadiki kuti vatevedzere chibvumirano cheMinamata Convention on Mercury. Vatori venhau vakashanyira migodhi nemafekitari ekugadzira ari pamatanho akasiyana-siyana ekuchinja kure nemercury.

Zvaive pachena kubva mukushanya kwavakaita kuti shanduko ichaitika chete kana vacheri vemigodhi vakaziva nezvenjodzi uye vakawana rubatsiro kubva kune vane masimba kuti vawane dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekuchera goridhe. Pari zvino, vacheri vazhinji vari kuwana mhinduro mune imwe kemikari ine njodzi: Sodium Cyanide.

Kukurudzira Shanduko

Kubva pakatanga vatongi vekuSpain kutsvaga goridhe kuPhilippine mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16, varombo vemigodhi vakakweverwa kuindasitiri iyi, kunyanya panguva yekukwira kwemutengo wegoridhe. Vanhu vakatenderedza imwe nzvimbo vakashanda hupenyu hwavo hwese muchikamu. Muna 2020. munhu akagara nhaka yemugodhi.

Sezvo kusavimbika kwepasirese kunofambisa vanoisa mari kune yakachengeteka - midziyo uye shanduko yesimba inowedzera kudiwa kwegoridhe nezvimwe zvicherwa, mitengo yegoridhe yakakwira-nezvinosvika gumi muzana muna 10 chete - ichikwevera vanhu vazhinji kumutsara webasa uyu.

UN inofungidzira kuti vanhu mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu—kusanganisira vana nemadzimai mamiriyoni mana kusvika mashanu—vanoshanda munyika dzinopfuura makumi masere mumabasa emigodhi midiki anounza 20% yezvinoburitswa nesimbi pasi rose. Ichipa mari kuvanhu vari munzvimbo dziri kure uko kune dzimwe nzira shoma, kuchera goridhe uku kunoburitsa matani zviuru zviviri e mercury pagore munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza.

Kubva pakatanga gungano reMinamata makore manomwe apfuura, planetGOLD yanga ichishanda nevakuru, vacheri vemigodhi, vane mari, uye nharaunda dzeko kuti vachinje mabudisirwo nekugadzirwa kwegoridhe. Nhamburiko dzinosanganisira kuvaka ruzivo nezvenjodzi dzemekiyuri uku ichibatsira kugadzirisa mecury - yemahara migodhi uye nzira dzekugadzirisa kune zvinodiwa munharaunda. Yega yega planetGold zvirongwa zvinogara makore mashanu, mushure mezvo kuedza kunoenderera mberi nenharaunda nevakuru venzvimbo.

planetGOLD yakashanda munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri muAfrica, Asia, neLatin America. Mugwaro regore rechirongwa ichi ra20–2022, vaongorori vakafungidzira kuti kuedza kwaro kusvika pari zvino kwakadzivirira kushandiswa kwe23 t yemercury munyika nhanhatu kwainoshanda. Munyika dzakati kuti, dzinosanganisira Colombia, Peru, neBurkina Faso, planetGOLD inokurudzira masangano emari emuno kuti ape chikwereti kuvacheri kuti avabatsire kutora mercury - free processing technologies.

Bhodhoro repurasitiki rine mercury pamugodhi mudiki wegoridhe uye kugadzira nzvimbo muParacale, kuPhilippine.

Kune imwe nzvimbo kuPhilippine uko planetGOLD iripo, a $500.000 mecury - free processing plant yakamirira kupihwa chitupa kuti itange kushanda mukutanga kwa2025. apo hutori huchaendeswa kune vanochera migodhi uye planetGOLD ichadzokera shure. Yakavakwa pamusoro pechikomo chiri pamusoro peguta kutora mukana wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi mukuparadzanisa uye kugaya simbi, ichabatsira nhengo dzesangano remugodhi wemuno, iro rinoenda neizwi rekuti SMBC.

Mukugadzira goridhe rakachena , iro rinoshandiswa nguva dzose mukuchera kukuru, vanochera matombo vanogadzira matope esimbi yakapwanywa nemvura vobva vawedzera sodium cyanide, iyo inonyungudutsa goridhe. Kabhoni yakakamurwa inowedzerwa, ichishanda sechiponji kuti inyudze gold-cyanide complex. Zvidimbu zvekabhoni zvine goridhe, zvakakura kupfuura zvidimbu zvesimbi, zvinozopatsanurwa uchishandisa waya. Goridhe rinotorwa nekuwedzera cyanide yakawanda kana kuburikidza nekunyungudutsa.

Kusiyana nemercury, iyo inoramba iripo munharaunda, cyanide inogona kubviswa chepfu kuburikidza ne oxidation ne hydrogen peroxide kana sodium metabisulfite.

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