Chigadzirwa Hunhu uye Chengetedzo Mayero eSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekuburitsa goridhe mumigodhi, electroplating, uye makemikari. Zvichienderana nehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya, hunhu hwayo hwakanyanya uye mwero wekuchengetedza unofanirwa kutevedzwa mumatanho ese ane chekuita neSodium cyanide , kusanganisira kugadzirwa, kuchengetwa, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama hunhu hwechigadzirwa uye mwero wekuchengetedza weSodium Cyanide.

I. Product Quality Standards

1. Kuchena Zvinodiwa

• Sodium Cyanide Yakasimba Yemaindasitiri : Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenyika nepasi rose (sezvakajairwa muChina), kuchena kwesodium cyanide yakasimba yekushandisa mumaindasitiri kune mamakisi akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwechigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro hunofanira kusvika 98.0% kana kupfuura, nepo hwechigadzirwa chakakodzera huchifanira kunge huri 87.0%. Sodium cyanide yakachena kwazvo yakakosha kumaindasitiri akadai sekuchera goridhe. Mukuita kwekuchera goridhe, sodium cyanide yakachena inogona kuita zviri nani nematombo ane goridhe, ichivandudza mwero wekuburitsa uye ichideredza kusvibiswa kusingakoshi mukuita kwekuparadzanisa kunotevera.

• Mhinduro yeSodium Cyanide yeMaindasitiri : Kune mhinduro dzesodium cyanide, huwandu hwacho hunofanirawo kuzadzisa zvinodiwa. Kazhinji, huwandu hwesodium cyanide mumushonga hunotsanangurwa zvakajeka zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana ekushandiswa. Mhinduro yacho inofanira kunge iri mvura yakajeka, isina ruvara kana yero zvishoma isina tsvina inooneka.

2. Kudzora Kusachena

• Kusachena Kwezvinhu Zvisiri Zvechisikigo :

• Kuwanda kweCarbonate : Kuwanda kweSodium Carbon muSodium Cyanide kunodzorwa zvakanyanya. MuSodium Cyanide yakasimba, huwandu hweSodium carbonate mumagiredhi akasiyana hunodzorwa. Semuenzaniso, muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 0.5%, muzvigadzirwa zvepakutanga, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 2.0%, uye muzvigadzirwa zvakakodzera, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 3.0%. Carbonate yakawandisa inogona kukanganisa mashandiro ekuita mune mamwe maitiro emakemikari. Semuenzaniso, mu electroplating, inogona kukanganisa kuiswa kwemaion esimbi, zvichikonzera electroplated layer isina kuenzana.

• Kuwanda kweHydroxide : Kuwanda kwe sodium hydroxide kunewo miganhu inoenderana. Mu sodium cyanide yakasimba, huwandu hwe sodium hydroxide mumagiredhi akasiyana hunosiyana. Semuenzaniso, muzvigadzirwa zve top-grade, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 0.5%, muzvigadzirwa zve first-class, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 1.0%, uye muzvigadzirwa zvakakodzera, hazvifanirwe kupfuura 1.5%. Kuwanda kwe sodium hydroxide kunogona kuchinja pH value ye reaction system, izvo zvisingabatsire kufambira mberi kwakajairika kwemamwe maitiro anoda pH range chaiyo.

• Kusvibiswa Kwezvinhu Zvakasanganiswa : Kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita seformate kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba. Kunyangwe huwandu hwezvinhu zvinobvumidzwa huri pasi, formate yakawandisa inogona kukanganisa mamwe maitiro emakemikari. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe maitiro ekugadzirwa kweorganic, formate inogona kutora chikamu mumhedzisiro, zvichideredza goho uye kuchena kwechigadzirwa chakanangwa.

3. Zvinhu Zvenyama

• Sodium Cyanide Yakasimba : Sodium cyanide yakasimba inofanira kunge iri muchimiro chezvimedu zvichena kana zvine ruvara rudiki kana zvidimbu zvekristaro. Chitarisiko chayo chiratidzo chakakosha chemhando yechigadzirwa. Kusawirirana kweruvara kana chimiro chezvidimbu kunogona kuratidza matambudziko akadai sekusvibiswa kana maitiro asina kunaka ekugadzira.

• Mhinduro yeSodium Cyanide : Mhinduro yacho inofanira kunge yakajeka, isina matope kana mvura. Kudonha kana mvura inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chemakemikari ari mumushonga, zvakaita sekuumbwa kwemunyu usinganyunguduke nekuda kwekuita kwetsvina mumhepo kana mumidziyo, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro emushonga mukushandiswa kwawo.

II. Mitemo Yekuchengetedza

1. Kudzvinyirira Kuenderana

• Mitemo Yenyika neYepasi Pose :

• MuUnited States : Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yakaisa mitemo yakasimba maererano nemiganhu yekusvibiswa uye nzira dzekuchengetedza pakubata macyanide . Semuenzaniso, muganho unobvumirwa wekusvibiswa necyanide inobhururuka mumhepo mumhepo yebasa wakagadzirirwa kudzivirira vashandi kubva pakusvibiswa zvakanyanya.

• MuEuropean Union : Mutemo weREACH (Kunyoresa, Kuongorora, Kubvumidza uye Kudzora Makemikoro) unodzora kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwezvinhu zvine njodzi senge sodium cyanide. Unoda kuti makambani anyorese uye ape ruzivo rwakadzama nezvehunhu, mashandisirwo, uye matanho ekuchengetedza ane chekuita nesodium cyanide.

• MuChina : "Mitemo yeKutarisira Kuchengetedzeka kweMakemikoro Ane Ngozi" inoisa mitemo yakasimba pakubata kwese kwe sodium cyanide, kusanganisira kugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa. Makambani anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo iyi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vashandi nenharaunda zvakachengeteka.

• Mvumo neMarezenisi : Masangano ese ane chekuita nekugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutakura, kana kushandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuwana marezenisi anodiwa zvichienderana nemitemo yemuno. Mvumo idzi dzinopihwa zvichibva pakuongororwa kwakasimba kwezvivakwa nemabasa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

2. Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza muMatanho Akasiyana

• Kuchengetera :

• Kusarudzwa Kwenzvimbo : Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakatsaurirwa, ine mhepo inotonhorera, uye inotonhorera. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge iri kure nenzvimbo dzinopisa, dzinobatidza moto, uye dzisingaenderane nezvinhu. Inofanirawo kunge iri munzvimbo isingasvikwe nyore nevashandi vasina mvumo. Semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza sodium cyanide pedyo nemaacids kune njodzi huru nekuti inogona kuburitsa gasi rehydrogen cyanide rine chepfu uye rinobvira moto.

• Zvinodiwa paMudziyo : Midziyo yakakodzera inodzivirira ngura uye yakavharwa zvakanaka inoshandiswa. Kune sodium cyanide yakasimba, madhiramu esimbi akakora kana midziyo yepurasitiki ine zvivharo zvakasimba ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. Kune mhinduro dze sodium cyanide, matangi ekuchengetera anofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura yealkaline, zvakaita semhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi isina ngura kana matangi epurasitiki akagadzirwa nehunyanzvi. Midziyo yese inofanira kunyorwa zvakajeka kuti "poison" uye "sodium cyanide," pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvine njodzi.

• Mamiriro Ekuchengetedza : Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kuchengetwa yakaoma, sezvo hunyoro hunogona kukurumidzisa kuparara kwe sodium cyanide uye kuwedzera njodzi yekuburitswa kwegasi re hydrogen cyanide. Hunyoro munzvimbo yekuchengetera hunofanirwa kuchengetwa pasi pe80%. Kufefetera kwakanaka kwakakoshawo kudzivirira kuungana kwemagasi anogona kubuda.

• Kutakura :

• Kurongedza : Kurongedza kwekutakura sodium cyanide kunofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba. Kurongedza kwekunze kunofanirwa kunge kwakasimba zvakakwana kuti kugone kubatwa zvakanaka panguva yekutakura uye kudzivirira mudziyo wemukati kubva mukukuvadzwa. Kurongedza kwemukati kunofanirwa kunge kusina kudonha uye kwakavharwa zvakanaka. Kurongedza kunofanirwawo kunyorwa zvakajeka nezita remakemikari, yambiro dzenjodzi, uye ruzivo rwekuonana nekukurumidza.

• Mota Dzekutakura : Mota dzekutakura dzakagadzirirwa kutakura makemikari ane njodzi dzinoshandiswa. Mota idzi dzinofanira kunge dziine masisitimu ekudzivirira kudonha kwemvura, michina yekubatsira panguva yenjodzi, uye mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka. Dzinofanirawo kuratidza zviratidzo zvekunyevera nezvenjodzi zvinoenderana nemitemo yekufambisa.

• Kudzidziswa Kwevatyairi : Vatyairi vanotakura sodium cyanide vanofanira kunge vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya kubata zvinhu zvine njodzi. Vanofanira kunge vachiziva hunhu hwesodium cyanide, nzira dzekupindura nekukurumidza kana pakaitika tsaona kana kudonha kwemvura, pamwe nemitemo yekufambisa yakakodzera.

• Kuronga Nzira : Nzira yekufambisa inofanira kurongwa pachine nguva kudzivirira nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, nzvimbo dzekugara, nenzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yetsaona. Vakuru vemunharaunda vanofanira kuziviswa nezvekutakurwa kwe sodium cyanide, kunyanya kana vachipfuura munzvimbo dzine njodzi.

• Kubata uye Kushandisa :

• Midziyo Yekudzivirira Munhu Pachake (PPE) :

• Dziviriro Yekufema : Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka dziviriro yakakodzera yekufema. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, mudziyo wekufema wakakwana une firita yemhepo inoshanda zvakanyanya uye kanisiti inobvumirwa yekudzivirira cyanide inodiwa. Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru kana kana paine mukana wekuputika zvakanyanya, mudziyo wekufema wega unogona kudiwa.

• Dziviriro Yemaziso : Magirazi ekudzivirira maziso anodzivirira makemikari kana chifukidziro chemeso chinofanira kupfekwa kudzivirira maziso kubva mukutsvedza kana zvidimbu zveguruva zve sodium cyanide.

• Kudzivirira Ganda : Magorovhosi asina chinhu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sebutyl rabha kana nitrile, pamwe chete nemachira ekuvhara kana maapuroni anodzivirira makemikari, anofanira kushandiswa. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti PPE iri mumamiriro akanaka uye inokwana zvakanaka.

• Kugadzika Nzvimbo Yebasa :

• Kufefetera : Nzvimbo yebasa inobatwa nesodium cyanide inofanira kunge iine mhepo yakanaka. Masisitimu emhepo emunzvimbo anofanirwa kuiswa kuti abate utsi kana guruva rinobuda panguva yekubata. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevashandi.

• Midziyo Yekupindura Panjodzi : Nzvimbo yebasa inofanira kunge ine michina yekupindura panjodzi yakadai senzvimbo dzekugezesa maziso uye mashawa ekuchengetedza. Kana zvikaitika netsaona nesodium cyanide, vashandi vanogona kukurumidza kusuka nzvimbo yakakanganiswa kuderedza kukuvara.

3. Emergency Response uye Kurasa

• Zvirongwa zveEmergency : Makambani anotarisira sodium cyanide anofanira kugadzira zvirongwa zvakakwana zveemergency. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira nzira dzekugadzirisa kana pakaita tsaona, kubuda kwemvura, moto, uye kusangana netsaona. Kudzidzira nguva dzose panguva yeemergency kunofanirwa kuitwa kuitira kuti vashandi vazive nzira dzekugadzirisa dambudziko.

• Kudururwa Kwemvura Uye Kubuda Kwemvura : Kana sodium cyanide yadururwa kana kudonha kwemvura, chiito chinodiwa nekukurumidza. Nzvimbo yacho inofanira kuvharwa, uye vashandi vasina mvumo vanofanira kubviswa. Vashandi vakadzidziswa vakapfeka PPE yakakodzera vanofanira kushandisa zvinhu zvinonyudza mvura kuti vadzivirire kudonha kwemvura. Sodium cyanide yadururwa inofanira kuunganidzwa uye kuraswa zvakanaka zvichienderana nemitemo yakakodzera.

• Mhinduro yeMoto : Sezvo sodium cyanide ichigona kuburitsa gasi rine chepfu ine hydrogen cyanide kana ikapiswa, vanodzima moto vanofanira kunge vaine dziviriro yakakodzera yekufema uye michina yekudzivirira moto. Mvura, jecha, kana zvinodzima moto zvine hupfu hwakaoma zvinogona kushandiswa kudzima moto, asi kungwarira kunofanira kuitwa kudzivirira kupararira kwezvinhu zvine chepfu.

• Kuraswa Kwemarara : Marara ane sodium cyanide anofanira kuraswa zvakanaka. Haafanirwe kuburitswa munzvimbo isina kurapwa. Nzira dzekurapa dzingasanganisira makemikari oxidation kana mamwe maitiro akatenderwa ekushandura cyanide ine chepfu kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya usati wairasa.

Mukupedzisa, mhando yechigadzirwa uye zviyero zvekuchengetedza zvesodium cyanide zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwakanaka kwemaindasitiri anoshandisa iyi kemikari ine muchetura. Nekunyatsotevedzera izvi zviyero, tinogona kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu, nharaunda, uye kufambira mberi kwakajairika kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.