Makiyi Paramita muCyanide Leaching Maitiro: Mabatiro Avanoita Kudzoreredza Goridhe

Muindasitiri yemigodhi, nzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo esimbi (cyanide leaching) inoramba iri imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo esimbi. Maitiro aya akavakirwa pakukwanisa kwemaion ecyanide kugadzira makemikari anonyunguduka negoridhe, zvichiita kuti riparadzaniswe negoridhe. Zvisinei, kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro aya, kunyanya kudzorerwa kwegoridhe, kunoenderana zvikuru nematanho akati wandei akakosha. Kunzwisisa maparameter aya uye simba rawo pakudzoka kwegoridhe kwakakosha pakuvandudza nzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo esimbi uye kuona kuti hupfumi hunoshanda.

Cyanide Concentration

Kuwanda kwecyanide mumushonga wekudonhedza chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa zvikuru kudzoserwa kwegoridhe. Kuwanda kwecyanide kunowanzo tungamira mukukura kwegoridhe nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwanda kwecyanide kunopa maion akawanda ecyanide kuti agone kupindura negoridhe, zvichitungamira reaction yemakemikari mberi. Semuenzaniso, mune yakajairika cyanide leaching system, kuwedzera huwandu hwecyanide kubva pa0.05% kusvika pa0.1% kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwekunyungudika kwegoridhe. Zvisinei, kune huwandu hwakanaka hwecyanide kupfuura iyo kuwedzera kumwe hakuwedzere kudzoserwa kwegoridhe zvakaenzana. Kuwanda kwecyanide kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akati wandei. Chekutanga, zvinogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemhedzisiro isingadiwe. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe simbi dziri muore, dzakadai semhangura, zinc, uye iron, dzinogonawo kuita necyanide, dzichidya cyanide uye dzichideredza kuwanikwa kwayo pakutorwa kwegoridhe. Chechipiri, kuwanda kwecyanide kunowedzera mutengo wekuita nekuda kwekudiwa kwecyanide reagent yakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoisa njodzi kunharaunda sezvo cyanide iri chinhu chine chepfu zvakanyanya, uye kuwanda kwakanyanya kunoda matanho akaomarara ekuchengetedza uye ekutarisira nharaunda.

PH Kukosha

Iyo pH yeiyo leaching mhinduro inoita basa rakakosha mucyanide leaching process. Iyo yakakwana pH yegoridhe cyanidation kazhinji inotangira pa9.5 kusvika 11. Paiyi alkaline pH renji, cyanide inowanikwa zvakanyanya muchimiro chemahara cyanide ion (CN-), inova ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakunyungudika kwegoridhe. Kuchengeta pH yakakodzera kwakakosha nekuti mumamiriro eacidic, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gasi rinogona kuumbwa. HCN inoshanduka uye ine muchetura zvakanyanya, haingokonzeri njodzi huru kuvashandi chete asi zvakare kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide iripo yekutorwa kwegoridhe. Kune rimwe divi, kana iyo pH yakakwira zvakanyanya, kunyungudika kweimwe simbi hydroxides kunogona kuwedzera, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwemvura inogona kupfekedza zvimedu zvegoridhe, zvichitadzisa kubatana pakati pecyanide negoridhe nekudaro kudzikisa mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe. Semuyenzaniso, mune ores ine huwandu hwakakura hwesimbi, pahupamhi hwepH, iron hydroxide precipitates inogona kuumba uye yakavharira zvimedu zvegoridhe, zvichiita kuti isasvike kune cyanide.

Leaching Time

Hurefu hwenguva yeleaching ndiyo imwe yakakosha parameter inobata zvakananga kudzoreredza goridhe. Kazhinji, sezvo nguva yekucheka inowedzera, goridhe rakawanda rinonyungudutswa uye rinodzoserwa. Pakutanga, mwero wekunyunguduka kwegoridhe unokurumidza kukurumidza sezvo cyanide nyowani inopindirana nenzvimbo dzegoridhe dzakafumurwa. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, mwero wekutorwa kwegoridhe zvishoma nezvishoma unodzikira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti sezvo maitiro anoenderera mberi, zvimedu zvegoridhe zvinova zvidiki, uye nzvimbo yepasi iripo yekuita inodzikira. Zvakare, iyo cyanide mumhinduro inodzikira sezvainopedzwa mukuita, uye kuunganidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemaitiro kunogona kudzikamisa chiyero chekuita. Semuenzaniso, mune yakanyatsogadzirwa cyanide leaching wedunhu, zvinogona kutora 24 - 48 maawa kuti uwane yakakwira mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe. Asi kana nguva yekucheka ipfupi, huwandu hwakawanda hwegoridhe hunogona kuramba husina kutorwa. Sezvineiwo, kuwedzera nguva yekumhanyisa kupfuura iyo yakakwana poindi inogona kusakonzeresa kuwanda kwekudzoreredza goridhe asi kuchawedzera mitengo yekushanda, senge mashandisiro esimba rekusuduruka nekupomba, uye zvinogonawo kutungamira mukushatiswa kweiyo cyanide mhinduro nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kumhepo uye zvimwe zvakatipoteredza.

tembiricha

Kupisa kweiyo leaching process kunokanganisawo mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe. Kuwedzera tembiricha kunowanzo mhanyisa kuita kwemakemikari pakati pecyanide negoridhe, zvichitungamira kune yakakwira mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunowedzera simba rekinetic reanoita mamorekuru, zvichivabvumira kuti varove kakawanda uye nesimba guru, nokudaro vachikurudzira kuita. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwekushisa kunowanikwawo kune zvisingakwanisi. Mukuita, tembiricha inowanzochengetwa mukati mepakati pepakati, kazhinji inosvika 20 - 30 ° C. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kusimudza tembiricha kunoda kuwedzera simba rekuwedzera, izvo zvinowedzera mari yekushandisa. Uyezve, pakupisa kwepamusoro, kushanduka kwe cyanide kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kukuru kwe cyanide kuburikidza nekuputika. Pamusoro pezvo, tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukwidziridza kudzokororwa kwezvimwe zvikamu muore, zvichikonzera mamwe maitiro epadivi anoshandisa cyanide uye kuderedza kushanda kwegoridhe. Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe ores ane sulfide zvicherwa, tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukonzera oxidation ye sulfides, iyo isingango pedza oxygen ne cyanide chete asi inogona kuburitsa sulfuric acid, iyo inogona kudzikisa pH yemushonga weleaching uye kukanganisa maitiro ecyanidation.

Oxygen Kuwanikwa

Okisijeni chinhu chakakosha mucyanide leaching yegoridhe. Kuita pakati pegoridhe, cyanide, uye oxygen kunogona kumiririrwa neinotevera kemikari equation: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Okisijeni yakakwana yakakosha pakufambisa kuita uku kumberi. Mukuita leaching, okisijeni inogona kuunzwa kuburikidza neaeration, kungave nemhepo inotubwida kana kuti okisijeni yakachena kupinda mugadziriso weLeaching. Mwero wekufambisa okisijeni kunzvimbo yekuita unokanganisa mwero wekuparara kwegoridhe. Kana iyo oxygen inopa isina kukwana, maitiro anozove mashoma, uye goridhe rekudzoreredza chiyero chinodzikira. Zvisinei, kuwandisa kweokisijeni kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko. Semuyenzaniso, mune zvimwe zviitiko, yakawandisa okisijeni inogona kukonzera oxidation yecyanide kuita cyanate (CNO⁻) kana imwe yepamusoro - oxidation - state makomisheni, kuderedza huwandu huripo hwecyanide yekutorwa kwegoridhe. Pamusoro pezvo, mune ores ine mamwe marudzi emaminerari e sulfide, okisijeni yakawandisa inogona kukonzera pamusoro - oxidation ye sulfides, iyo inogona kugadzira sulfuric acid uye zvimwe ne-zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ecyanidation.

Mukupedzisa, iyo cyanide leaching process yekubvisa goridhe iomarara sisitimu inopesvedzerwa neakawanda akakosha paramita. Cyanide concentration, pH value, leaching time, tembiricha, uye kuwanikwa kweokisijeni zvese zvinopindirana kuona kushanda nesimba kwekudzoreredza goridhe. Vashandi vemigodhi vanofanirwa kunyatso kwenenzvera aya paramita zvichienderana nehunhu hweore iri kugadziriswa. Nekunyatso kudzora zvinhu izvi, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kudzoreredza goridhe uku uchideredza mitengo uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chekugarisa kwenguva refu kwekucherwa kwegoridhe.p