Iko Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muIndasitiri yeMetallurgical uye Zvakaitika Kugovera

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), semushonga unoshanda wekugadzirisa zvinhu uye kubvisa zvinhu, inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yesimbi . Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoibvumira kugadzira macomplexes akagadzikana ane maion akasiyana-siyana esimbi, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kubviswa, kupatsanurwa, uye kucheneswa kwesimbi. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mashandisirwo makuru eSodium Cyanide mumunda wesimbi uye kupfupisa pfungwa huru dzekushanda zvichibva pane zvakaitika.

I. Core Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muMetallurgical Industry

1.Gold Extraction (Cyanidation Process yeGold Extraction)

• Musimboti : Sodium cyanide inosangana negoridhe kana paine okisijeni kuti igadzire soluble gold cyanide complexes (yakadai se [Au(CN)₂]⁻). Goridhe rinozotorwa kuburikidza neactivated carbon adsorption kana zinc displacement.

• Zvakanakira : Inokwanisa kuchinjika zvakanyanya kumatombo egoridhe asina kunyanya kunaka uye matombo akaomarara, uye mwero wekubuda kwemafuta unogona kusvika pamusoro pe90%.

• Nyaya : Mugodhi wegoridhe wakawedzera mwero wekudzoserwa kwegoridhe kusvika pa92% nekuwedzera huwandu hwesodium cyanide (0.05%-0.1%) uye nguva yekubuda kwegoridhe (maawa 24-48).

2.Electroplating uye Metal Surface Treatment

• Chinangwa : Sechinowedzerwa muElectroplating solutions, inoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi dzakadai semhangura, zinc, nesirivha, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kufanana uye kunamira kwependi.

• Kungwarira : Kuwanda kwecyanide kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba kudzivirira marara akawandisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

3.Metal Separation uye Kucheneswa

• Maitiro Ekushandisa : Bvisa simbi dzinoshandiswa (senge nickel ne cobalt) kubva mumatombo e polymetallic, kana kubvisa ma ions asina kuchena (senge iron ne lead).

• Pfungwa dzehunyanzvi : Kusvika pakuumbwa kwesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana nenzira inofambira mberi nekugadzirisa pH uye chiyero cheSodium cyanide.

II. Chiitiko Chakakosha uye Kugonesa Kwehunyanzvi muKushandisa Sodium Cyanide

1.Kudzora kweConcentration uye Dosage

• Mutemo weEmpirical : Munguva yekubviswa kwegoridhe, huwandu hwesodium cyanide hunowanzova 0.03%-0.1%, uye hunoda kugadziriswa zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hweore (senge huwandu hwekabhoni uye huwandu hwesulfide).

• Nyaya : Mugodhi wakawana kuti kudyiwa kwe sodium cyanide kwakawedzera zvisina kujairika. Mushure mekuferefeta, zvakaonekwa kuti huwandu hwesarufa muore hwakapfuura mwero. Dambudziko racho rakagadziriswa mushure mekushandisa nzira yekurapa isati yatanga (kugocha kana oxidation).

2.Optimization yeLeaching Conditions

• Kukosha kwepH : Kuchengetedza nharaunda ine alkaline (pH 10-11) kunogona kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwegasi rehydrogen cyanide uye kuwedzera Kushanda Kwemvura Yakachena panguva imwe chete.

• Tembiricha : Kupisa kwakakodzera (30-40°C) kunogona kukurumidzisa kupindirana kwesimba, asi kushandiswa kwesimba uye mutengo zvinofanirwa kuenzana.

3.Environmental Protection uye Safety Management

• Kurapa Mvura Yakasviba : Shandisa nzira yealkaline chlorination (sodium hypochlorite + sodium hydroxide) kuti ubvise cyanide kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inobuda inosangana nezvinodiwa (huwandu hweCN⁻ huri pasi pe0.5 mg/L).

• Dziviriro Yekuchengetedza : Shandisa tambo yekugadzira yakavharirwa zvizere, sisitimu yekutarisa otomatiki, uye mudziyo wekufafadzira wekukurumidza. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka mbatya dzekudzivirira dzemakemikari uye masks egasi.

III. Matambudziko Anowanikwa uye Mhinduro

1.Ngozi yeCyanide Poisoning

• Matanho Ekudzivirira : Gara uchitarisa kuomarara kwemidziyo uye dzivisa kusangana kwecyanide solution nezvinhu zvine acidic (kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwegasi rine chepfu reHCN).

• Kurapa Nekukurumidza : Sukurudza nzvimbo yakabatana neganda nemvura yakachena yakawanda nekukurumidza. Kana ikamedzwa netsaona, munhu wacho anofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika uye kubaiwa jekiseni re sodium thiosulfate kuti abvise tsvina mumuviri.

2.Decrease in Leaching Efficiency

• Zvikonzero Zvinogona Kuitika : Kusakwana kwehuwandu hweore inonyungudika, kuora kwe sodium cyanide (nekuda kwechiedza kana kupisa kwakanyanya), uye kupindira kwemaion asina kuchena (akadai se lead ne copper).

• Mhinduro : Wedzera chinhu chinokonzera oxidant (senge hydrogen peroxide) kuti simbi iwedzere kuoresa, kana kubvisa tsvina kuburikidza nekugadzirira.

IV. Ramangwana Trends uye Alternative Technologies

• Matekinoroji Ekubvisa Cyanide : Maitiro ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza akadai senzira yethiourea uye nzira yebioleaching ari kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinogona kuderedza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

• Kudzora Kwakangwara : Kutarisa panguva chaiyo kwema parameter akadai sekuwanda kwe sodium cyanide uye pH kukosha kuburikidza neAI algorithms kuti uwane kutonga kwakarurama.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide ine zvese zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kukonzera njodzi muindasitiri yesimbi. Kushandiswa zvine musoro kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwesainzi, manejimendi yakasimba yekuchengetedzwa, uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hunoenderera mberi. Nekugadzirisa mashandisirwo ebasa uye kusimbisa matanho ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza , kukosha kwayo kunogona kuwedzerwa uye njodzi dzinogona kuderedzwa, zvichikurudzira indasitiri kuti ikure nenzira ine girini uye inogara kwenguva refu.