Iko Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muIndasitiri yeMetallurgical uye Zvakaitika Kugovera

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), sechinhu chinoshanda chekugadzira uye chinodhaka, inoita basa rakakosha Metallurgisheni Indasitiri. Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoigonesa kuumba macomplexes akatsiga ane maion akasiyana esimbi, nokudaro achiwana kubviswa, kupatsanurwa, uye kucheneswa kwesimbi. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora mashandisirwo akakosha e Sodium Cyanide mumunda wemetallurgical uye mupfupise mapeji akakosha ekuvhiya zvichienderana neruzivo runoshanda.

I. Core Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide muMetallurgical Industry

1.Gold Extraction (Cyanidation Process yeGold Extraction)

• Principle: Sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe pamberi peokisijeni kuita soluble gold cyanide complexes (se[Au(CN)₂]⁻). Iyo goridhe inozodzoserwa kuburikidza ne activated kabhoni adsorption kana zinc displacement.

• Advantages: Iine kuchinjika kwakasimba kune yakaderera-giredhi goridhe ores uye yakaoma ores, uye iyo leaching rate inogona kusvika kupfuura 90%.

• mhosva: Mugodhi wegoridhe wakawedzera mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe kusvika pa92% nekugadzirisa huwandu hwe sodium cyanide (0.05% -0.1%) uye leaching nguva (24-48 maawa).

2.Electroplating uye Metal Surface Treatment

• chinangwa: Sekuwedzera mukati electroplating mhinduro, inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dze electroplating dzakadai semhangura, zingi, uye sirivheri, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kufanana uye kunamatira kwekuputira.

• Precautions: Kuwanda kwe cyanide kunoda kunyatsodzorwa kudzivirira kusara kwakanyanyisa, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

3.Metal Separation uye Kucheneswa

• Scenarios Zvekushandisa: Sarudzo bvisa simbi dzakanangwa (senge nickel necobalt) kubva mupolymetallic ores, kana kubvisa maion asina kuchena (senge iron nemutobvu).

• Technical Points: Zadzisa nhanho-nhanho kuomarara kwesimbi dzakasiyana nekugadzirisa iyo pH kukosha uye dosage ye Sodium cyanide.

II. Chiitiko Chakakosha uye Kugonesa Kwehunyanzvi muKushandisa Sodium Cyanide

1.Kudzora kweConcentration uye Dosage

• Empical Rule: Munguva yegoridhe leaching, kuunganidzwa kwe sodium cyanide kunowanzo 0.03% -0.1%, uye inoda kugadziridzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro eiyo ore (senge kabhoni yemukati uye sulfide yemukati).

• mhosva: Mugodhi wakawana kuti kudyiwa kwesodium cyanide kwakawedzera zvisingaite. Mushure mekuongorora, zvakaonekwa kuti sulfur yemukati mune ore yakapfuura mwero. Dambudziko rakagadziriswa mushure mekushandisa pretreatment process (kugocha kana oxidation).

2.Optimization yeLeaching Conditions

• pH Kukosha: Kuchengetedza nharaunda yealkaline (pH 10-11) inogona kutadzisa kugadzirwa kwehydrogen cyanide gasi uye kugadzirisa Leaching Efficiency panguva imwe.

• tembiricha: Kupisa kwakakodzera (30-40 ° C) kunogona kukurumidza kuita, asi kushandiswa kwesimba uye mari inoda kuenzaniswa.

3.Environmental Protection uye Safety Management

• Kuchenesa mvura: Shandisa nzira yealkaline chlorination (sodium hypochlorite + sodium hydroxide) kuti iparadze cyanide kuti uone kuti kubuda kunosangana nechiyero (iyo CN⁻ concentration isingasviki 0.5 mg / L).

• Kudzivirirwa Kwekuchengetedza: Shongedza netambo yakavharirwa yakazara yekugadzira, otomatiki yekutarisa sisitimu, uye yekukurumidzira yekumwaya mudziyo. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira zvemakemikari uye masks egasi.

III. Matambudziko Anowanikwa uye Mhinduro

1.Ngozi yeCyanide Poisoning

• Nzira dzokudzivirira: Gara uchitarisa kusimba kwemidziyo uye kudzivirira kusangana kweiyo cyanide mhinduro ine acidic zvinhu (kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwehupfu hweHCN gasi).

• Emergency Kurapa: Pakarepo simbura nzvimbo yeganda yeganda nemvura yakawanda yakachena. Kana akapindwa netsaona, munhu anenge abatwa nechirwere ichi anofanira kutsvaga kurapwa nekukasika uye obayiwa jekiseni resodium thiosulfate kuti abvise huturu.

2.Decrease in Leaching Efficiency

• Zvikonzero Zvinogoneka: Kusakwana oxidation degree ye ore, kuparara kwe sodium cyanide (nekuda kwechiedza kana kupisa kwepamusoro), uye kupindira kweoni dzisina kuchena (zvakadai semutobvu nemhangura).

• Solutions: Wedzera oxidant (yakadai sehydrogen peroxide) kukurudzira kusvibiswa kweore, kana kubvisa tsvina kuburikidza nekugadzirisa.

IV. Ramangwana Trends uye Alternative Technologies

• Cyanide-Yemahara Leaching Technologies: Maitirwo egirini senge nzira yethiourea uye nzira yebioleaching iri kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinogona kuderedza njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza.

• Akangwara Kudzora: Chaiyo-nguva yekutarisisa ma paramita senge kuwanda kwe sodium cyanide uye pH kukosha kuburikidza neAI algorithms kuti uwane chaiyo kutonga.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide ine zvese zviri zviviri hunyanzvi uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika muindasitiri yesimbi. Rational application inoenderana nesainzi dhizaini dhizaini, yakasimba kuchengetedza manejimendi, uye inoenderera mberi tekinoroji innovation. By optimize oparesheni parameters uye kusimbisa Environmental Protection zviyero, kukosha kwayo kunogona kukwidziridzwa uye njodzi kudzikiswa, kusimudzira indasitiri kusimudzira mune yakasvibira uye yakagadzikana kutungamira.