Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa sei mukuchera goridhe?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), seyakakosha reagent ye Kuchera Goridhe, inoona shanduko kubva kune ore kuenda kugoridhe kuburikidza ne Cyanidation nzira mu Ndarama Kuchera. Iyi nzira inosanganisira yakaoma makemikari mashandiro uye yakasimba maitiro ekudzora. Aya anotevera ndiwo matanho ekushandisa uye akakosha tekinoroji ruzivo:

Goridhe Cyanidation Maitiro

I. Ore Pretreatment

1.Kupwanya uye Kukuya

Matombo anopwanywa oitwa upfu hwakatsetseka (kazhinji hune saizi yezvikamu ≤ 75μm) kuti nzvimbo yekubata iwedzere neSodium Cyanide solution.

2.Flotation kana Gravity Concentration

Yakaderera-giredhi ores inofanirwa kuve yakagara yakamisikidzwa kune zvicherwa zvegoridhe kuburikidza neflotation kana gravity kudzikamisa kudzikisa huwandu hweore yekuzotevera cyanidation kurapwa.

II. Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.Leaching Conditions

• Kugadzirira Mhinduro: Nyungudutsa sodium cyanide mumvura kuti ugadzire mhinduro yakasanganiswa ine huwandu hwe0.01%-0.1% (huwandu hwacho hunoenderana nehukuru hwedombo).

• Nzvimbo ine alkaline: Wedzera calcium oxide (CaO) kana sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kuti pH ienderane ne10-11 kudzivirira kuparara kwecyanide kuita gasi rine chepfu ine hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ine chepfu.

• Kuwanikwa kweOkisijeni: Chengetedza huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumushonga (kazhinji > 5 mg/L) nekushandisa mhepo kana kusanganisa kuti okisijeni ishande.

2.Chemical Reaction

Ndarama inopindirana necyanide munzvimbo ine alkaline uye aerobic kuti iite soluble complexes:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Kuita uku kunoda kugara kwemaawa akati wandei kusvika kumazuva akati wandei kuona kuti goridhe ranyungudika zvizere.

III. Kunaya uye Kudzoreredzwa kweGoridhe

1.Zinc Replacement Method

Wedzera zinc poda kana zinc waya kune iyo leaching mhinduro, uye goridhe inonatswa kuburikidza nekutsiva maitiro:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Hupfu hwegoridhe hwakagadzirwa hunogezwa nekunyungudutswa kuti uwane goridhe risina kuchena.

2.Activated Carbon Adsorption Method

Mune imwe nzira yekugadzirisa, activated carbon inogona kusarudza adsorb Au(CN)₂⁻ mune mhinduro, uye ipapo goridhe rinodzoserwa kuburikidza nepamusoro-tembiricha desorption.

IV. Tailings Kurapa uye Kuchengetedza Kudzora

1.Neutralization yeCyanide

Iyo tailings pulp mushure mekudonha inoda oxidize yasara cyanide nekuwedzera sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) kana hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Pakupedzisira, kuderedza cyanide concentration kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza (kazhinji <0.5 mg / L).

2.Closed-loop Circulation System

Tora nzira yakavharwa yekudzikisa kuburitswa kweiyo cyanide mhinduro, uye chiyero chekushandisazve chemamwe mabhizinesi chinogona kusvika kupfuura 90%.

V. Technical Matambudziko uye Optimization Mazano

1.Kupindira kwekusvibiswa

Maoni esimbi akadai semhangura nesimbi anopedza cyanide. Pretreatment (yakadai sokugocha kuti desulfurization) kana kuwedzera inhibitors (zvakadai sodium sulfide) kunodiwa kuderedza kukanganisa.

2.Kurapwa kweLow-grade Ores

Kune goridhe rakaparadzirwa zvakatsetseka uye rakavharirwa, biological pre-oxidation (senge bhakitiriya leaching) kana tekinoroji yeoxidation tekinoroji inogamuchirwa kutyora chimiro cheminera uye kuvandudza mwero wegoridhe.

3.Kukwidziridzwa kweEnvironment Protection Technologies

Gadzira yakaderera-cyanide kana cyanide-isina leaching agents (senge thiosulfates), uye ongorora maitiro matsva ekudzoreredza senge electrochemical deposition.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kweSodium cyanide mukuchera goridhe kunoenderana nekudzora kwakarurama kwemaitiro uye manejimendi akasimba ekuchengetedza. Kunyangwe hazvo chepfu yayo yakakonzera gakava, kushanda kwayo zvakanyanya uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi achiri kuita kuti ive tekinoroji huru. Mune ramangwana, nekuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, nzira yecyanidation ichakura pamwe chete netekinoroji dzegirini, zvichikurudzira kushandurwa kwekuchera goridhe kuenda kunzira yakachengeteka uye inogara kwenguva refu.