Iyo Indasitiri Zvishandiso zveSodium Cyanide: Multiple Mabasa kubva kuMigodhi kuenda kuChemical Synthesis

Sodium cyanide, chinhu chemakemikari chinonzwika chinotyisa, chinoita basa rinokosha uye rakasiyana mundima yeindasitiri. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji, kubva kuchera to Kemikari Synthesis, uye ine simba guru mukusimudzira indasitiri yemazuva ano.

Kuchera Goridhe muMigodhi

Muindasitiri yemigodhi, inonyanya kuzivikanwa kushandiswa kwe Sodium Cyanide Ndeye Kuchera Goridhe. Ndarama inowanzovapo iri muchimiro chezvidimbu zvakanakisa zvakaparadzirwa mu ores uye zvakaoma kupatsanura zvakananga. Sodium cyanide inogona kuita makemikari negoridhe kugadzira mvura - inonyungudika goridhe - cyanide complexes. Iyo chaiyo maitiro ndeaya anotevera: mushure mekunge goridhe - rine ore raita kurapwa kwekutanga sekupwanya nekukuya, inosanganiswa nemushonga une sodium cyanide, uye mweya unounzwa. Pasi pemamiriro ealkaline, iyo cyanide ion (CN⁻) iri musodium cyanide inobata negoridhe sezvinotevera: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH. Iyo yakagadzirwa goridhe - cyanide complex inogona kudzikiswa kubva mumhinduro kuburikidza nenhevedzano yeanotevera maitiro, sekutamisa ne zinc poda, kuwana kupatsanurwa kwegoridhe kubva kune kumwe kusvibiswa. Nzira iyi yakavandudza zvikuru kushanda kwekucherwa kwegoridhe, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuchera goridhe repasi-giredhi regiredhi regoridhe iro pakutanga rakanga rakaoma kushandisa, kuita hwaro hwakasimba hwekusimudzira indasitiri yegoridhe pasi rose. Mune mimwe migodhi mikuru yegoridhe, yakawanda sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa zuva rega rega kugadzira makumi ezviuru zvematani ematombo, zvichiramba zvichigadzira goridhe rinokosha.

Raw Material yeKemikari Synthesis

Mumunda weorganic chemical synthesis, sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha zvakanyanya mbishi. Inowanzo shandiswa kusuma cyano (-CN) inoshanda boka, iro rine kukosha kukuru mu. Organic Synthesis uye inogona kushandurwa kuita mamwe mapoka akasiyana-siyana anoshanda kuburikidza neanotevera kemikari maitiro, senge carboxyl (-COOH) boka uye amino (-NH₂) boka. Semuenzaniso, kana halogenated hydrocarbon ikasangana ne sodium cyanide mune nucleophilic substitution reaction, atomu yehalogen inotsiviwa neboka recyano kuti riite musanganiswa we nitrile. Kutora maitiro ethyl bromide uye sodium cyanide semuenzaniso: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Iyo propionitrile inogadzirwa inogona kuwedzera hydrolyzed kuti iwane propionic acid kana kuderedzwa kuti iwane propylamine. Iyi nzira yekuunza boka recyano kuburikidza nesodium cyanide uyezve kushandura boka rinoshanda rinopa nzira yakakosha yekusiyana kwemaitiro emakemikari emakemikari uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sedhayi synthesis uye dhayi synthesis. Nzira dzekubatanidza dzemishonga yakawanda yakajairika dzinosanganisira sodium cyanide, uye yakafanana nekiyi "chivakwa chekuvaka" yekuvaka chimiro che organic mamorekuru.

Yakanaka Chemical Indasitiri

Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakanaka zvemakemikari, sodium cyanide inoitawo basa rakakosha. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzira mamwe mapurasitiki einjiniya epamusoro uye ekuwedzera erabha, maitiro anosanganisira sodium cyanide anogona kupa zvigadzirwa zvine akasiyana zvivakwa. Mukuumbwa kwepolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, inowanzozivikanwa seplexiglass), yepakati yakasanganiswa nekutora chikamu kwesodium cyanide inoshandiswa. Kuburikidza nemaitiro emakemikari chaiwo, iyo cyano - ine musanganiswa inoshandurwa kuita monomer ine chaiyo dhizaini uye zvivakwa, uye yozoitwa polymer kuti iwane PMMA zvinhu zvine mashandiro akanaka. Ichi chinyorwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima ye optical, dhizaini yekushongedza, etc. Mukuwedzera, mukugadzirwa kweimwe vulcanization accelerators yepamusoro - performance rubbers, sodium cyanide zvakare inokosha mbishi zvinhu. Inogona kusimudzira vulcanization maitiro erabha uye kuvandudza simba, kupfeka kuramba uye zvimwe zvinhu zvezvigadzirwa zverabha, zvichiita kuti zvigadzirwa zverabha zvisangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimba rekushandisa senge matayi emotokari uye mabhandi ekutakura maindasitiri.

Zvishandiso muIndasitiri yeElectroplating

The Electroplating Indasitiri chimwe chikamu chakakosha chekushandisa sodium cyanide. Mukuita kwe electroplating, zvinofanirwa kuisa zvakaenzana dhizaini yeimwe simbi pamusoro pesimbi kuti uvandudze kusimba kwekuora, kushongedza uye zvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi. Sodium cyanide ine akawanda mabasa mune electroplating mhinduro. Kune rimwe divi, inogona kuumba yakagadzika macomplexes ane simbi ions mune yeplating mhinduro, ichidzora iyo deposition rate yesimbi ion pane cathode pamusoro, kuitira kuti kupfekedza kuve kwakafanana uye kwakanaka. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwemhangura yemhangura, sodium cyanide inoumba ion yakaoma yakadai se [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ ine copper ions. Kana aya maion akaoma anobuda pacathode, maatomu emhangura anogona kuiswa zvakaenzana pamusoro pechinhu chichaputirwa, achiwana copper yakatsetseka uye yakakora. Kune rimwe divi, sodium cyanide inogona zvakare kugadzirisa magetsi ekugadzirisa mhinduro uye kugona kwekuparadzira kwemhinduro yeplating, ichigonesa yakaoma-yakaumbwa maworkpieces kuti awanewo yakanaka coating effect. Kunyangwe nekuda kwehupfu hwesodium cyanide, cyanide - yemahara electroplating maitiro akagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura, mune mamwe minda ine yakanyanya kudiwa yemhando yekuputira, senge electroplating yemagetsi emagetsi uye zvikamu zvemuchadenga, iyo cyanide - ine electroplating process ichiri kutora imwe musika mugove nekuda kweyakasarudzika mabhenefiti, uye sodium cyanide ichiri kuita yakakwira maapplication - ichipedza basa rakakosha.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso zveMaindasitiri

Pamusoro peiyo pamusoro - yakataurwa minda mikuru, sodium cyanide inoshandiswawo mune mamwe maindasitiri maitiro. Mu Metal Heat Treatment indasitiri, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa cyaniding kurapwa kwesimbi. Nekupisa simbi munzvimbo ine sodium cyanide uye mamwe midhiya, nitrogen uye kabhoni zvinopinzwa panguva imwe chete pamusoro pesimbi kuti igadzire cyanide layer ine kuoma kwepamusoro, kukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana uye yakanaka anti - kutora zvinhu, kuvandudza kushanda kwakazara kwesimbi. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwezvikamu zvakakosha muminda yekugadzira michina uye zvikamu zvemotokari. Mune mamwe maitiro e-metallurgical, sodium cyanide inogonawo kushandiswa kuparadzanisa uye kuchenesa mamwe masimbi asingawanzo. Nekugadzira chaiwo makomba ane isingawanzo simbi, kupatsanurwa kwesimbi isingawanzo kubva kune dzimwe tsvina kunowanikwa, ichipa mikana yekushandiswa kwakanaka kwesimbi isingawanzo.

Nekudaro, isu tinofanirwa kuziva zvakajeka kuti sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inoisa njodzi huru kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Munguva yekugadzirwa kwayo, kuchengetedza, kutakura uye kushandiswa, mirairo yekuchengetedza yakakodzera uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinofanirwa kutevedzwa zvakanyanya, uye matanho ekudzivirira akakwana uye nzira dzekurapa tsvina dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti njodzi dzayo dzinogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira. Kunyangwe sodium cyanide ichiita basa rakakosha muindasitiri, nekuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, vanhu vari kuongororawo zvakachengetedzeka uye zvine hushamwari dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa kutsamira pane chinhu chine muchetura ichi. Asi padanho razvino, nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwemakemikari zvimiro, sodium cyanide ichiri kutora akawanda asingadzoreki mabasa akakosha mundima dzakawanda dzeindasitiri, kubva kumigodhi kuenda kumakemikari synthesis, ichienderera mberi ichisimudzira kusimukira kweindasitiri yemazuva ano.