Ndeapi akajairika mashandisirwo minda yesodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) chinhu chine muchetura inorganic compound ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mumaindasitiri akawanda. Pasinei nehunhu hwayo hune njodzi, yakasarudzika makemikari zvimiro inoita kuti ive yakakosha reagent mune akawanda maindasitiri maitiro. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nzvimbo dzakasiyana umo Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa.

Mining Indasitiri

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa maapplication e Sodium Cyanide iri mune Indasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya pakucherwa kwesimbi dzinokosha. Ndarama nesirivha, izvo zvinowanzowanikwa mu low-grade ores, zvinogona kunyatsoparadzaniswa kubva padombo rakapoteredza uchishandisa nzira inonzi cyanidation. Muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura, sodium cyanide inopindirana negoridhe kana sirivheri kuumba simbi inonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Semuenzaniso, kuita negoridhe kunogona kumiririrwa se:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Iyi nzira inobvumira kudzoreredza kwakanaka kwesimbi dzinokosha kubva muhuwandu hukuru hwesimbi. Cyanidation inoshandiswawo pakubvisa dzimwe simbi dzakadai semhangura, zingi, uye platinum - simbi dzeboka mune dzimwe nguva. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwecyanide, matanho akasimba ezvakatipoteredza uye ekuchengetedza ari munzvimbo yekudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide - ine effluents munzvimbo.

Electroplating uye Surface Treatment

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mu electroplating maitiro. Iyo inoshandiswa sechinhu chikuru mumagetsi ekugezera ekuisa simbi semhangura, sirivheri, cadmium, uye zinc pane akasiyana substrates. Mune electroplating mhinduro, cyanide ions inoshanda nenzira dzakawanda. Ivo vanobatsira kuderedza anode polarization, kuve nechokwadi chekuparara kweanode simbi. Izvi zvinoguma nekuwedzera kugadzikana uye kunoenderana kupihwa kwesimbi ions mune mhinduro. Pamusoro pezvo, cyanide ions inowedzera cathode polarization, iyo inosimudzira yunifomu kuiswa kwesimbi pane cathode pamusoro, zvichitungamira kune yakakwirira-mhando, yakaenzana - yakavharwa kupera. Semuyenzaniso, musirivheri electroplating, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mubhavhu rekuputira kunobatsira kuwana inopenya uye inoteedzera sirivheri yekuputira pazvinhu zvakaita sezvishongo uye mabatiro emagetsi.

Kemikari Synthesis

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide inoshanda sechinhu kiyi mbishi zvinhu zvekubatanidzwa kweakawanda inorganic cyanides. Somuenzaniso, inoshandiswa kugadzira potassium cyanide (KCN), iyo inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Nekuita sodium cyanide ne potassium munyu kuburikidza nekuita metathesis, potassium cyanide inogona kuwanikwa. Zvimwe zvakakosha inorganic Cyanides senge zinc cyanide (Zn(CN) ₂), iyo inoshandiswa mu electroplating uye sechinhu chinokonzeresa mune mamwe maitiro emakemikari, uye mhangura (I) cyanide (CuCN), inoshandiswa muorganic synthesis uye electroplating, inogadzirwawo kubva sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

Mune organic chemistry, sodium cyanide ine simba nucleophile. Inogona kutora chikamu mukuita senge nucleophilic substitution reactions nealkyl halides. Kuita uku, kunozivikanwa seKolbe nitrile synthesis, inzira yakakosha yekurebesa kabhoni cheni. Semuenzaniso, kana alkyl halide (R - X) ikasangana ne sodium cyanide, alkyl nitrile (R - CN) inoumbwa:

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Iyo nitriles inoguma inogona kushandurwa zvakare kuita mamwe anobatsira organic makomisheni. Anogona kugadzirwa nehydrolyzed kuti aumbe carboxylic acids kana kuderedzwa kuita maamines, ayo ari akakosha mabhuroko ekuvaka mukugadzirwa kwemishonga, mapolima, uye zvimwe organic zvigadzirwa.

Chemishonga Indasitiri

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepakati pemishonga yepakati. Semuenzaniso, inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemakomisheni akaita secyanacetic acid uye zvinobva pairi. Cyanacetic acid inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mishonga yakadai sebarbiturates, iyo inoshandiswa sedative uye hypnotics. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyekuumbwa kwemamwe amino acids, ayo ari akakosha zvikamu zvemapuroteni. Mamwe amino acids anogadzirwa kuburikidza nenzira dzekugadzira dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide sechinhu chekutanga kana reagent mumatanho ekuita. Aya maamino acids anobva ashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvekudya uye mukugadzira mimwe mishonga.

Dhayi uye Textile Indasitiri

1.Dye Manufacture

Muindasitiri yedhayi, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukugadzira mamwe madhayi nepakati pedhayi. Semuenzaniso, inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwecyanuric chloride, iyo inokosha yepakati pakugadzirwa kwedhayi dzinoshanda. Reactive madhayi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemachira nekuda kweakanakisa colorfastness zvimiro. Cyanuric chloride inogona kuita neakasiyana organic komisheni kuti igadzire akawanda edhayi zvimiro izvo zvinogona kusunga zvakabatana kune machira machira, zvichipa ruvara runogara kwenguva refu.

2.Textile Processing

Muindasitiri yemachira, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa semondant mune mamwe maitiro ekudhaya. A mordant inobatsira kuvandudza kusungirirwa kwedhayi kumucheka, kuwedzera kusimba kwemavara uye kusimba kwechinhu chakadhayiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandiswa mune mamwe maitiro ekurapa epamusoro emachira, senge simbi - yakavakirwa machira emuchina zvikamu uko inogona kuve nechekuita senge mvura carburizing uye nitriding kuvandudza kuoma uye kupfeka - kuramba kwesimbi zvikamu.

Pest Control uye Fumigation

Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwehupfu, sodium cyanide yakashandiswa mukudzora tumbuyu, kunyanya munguva yakapfuura nekuda kwehupfu. Munzvimbo dzakavharirwa dzakadai sematura kana nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, cyanide-based fumigants ine sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kuuraya tumbuyu setumbuyu, makonzo, uye mamwe fungi. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukudzora tupukanana kwakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya uye kugadzirwa kweimwe nzira, isina njodzi yekudzora tumbuyu. Mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza ikozvino inotonga kushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo ino kudzivirira kusangana netsaona kuvanhu uye zvipenyu zvisingatarisirwe.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide, kunyangwe ine muchetura, ikemikari yakakosha ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mumaindasitiri akadai semigodhi, electroplating, makemikari synthesis, mishonga, dhayi uye machira, uye kudzora zvipembenene. Nekudaro, kubata kwayo uye kushandiswa kunoda kunyatso kuteedzera chengetedzo nemirairo yezvakatipoteredza kudzikisa njodzi kune hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.