Kuvandudza Kubudirira kweGoridhe Cyanide Leaching: Matanho uye Insights

ziviso

Kubvisa goridhe kubva mukugadzira goridhe, inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo mukuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo. Nekushandisa nzira dzekugadzira goridhe kubva mukugadzira goridhe kubva mumatombo, nzira iyi inonyungudutsa goridhe, zvichiita kuti ridzoke zvakare. Kushandiswa kwayo kwenguva refu uye nhoroondo yayo yakaratidza kuti ndiyo sarudzo inonyanya kufarirwa pamabasa akawanda ekuchera goridhe. Zvisinei, muindasitiri inotungamirirwa nekushanda zvakanaka uye kugara kwenguva refu, kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwekugadzira goridhe kubva mukugadzira kwakakosha. Iyi blog post inotarisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwedzera kushanda kwekugadzira goridhe kubva mukugadzira goridhe kubva mumatombo , ichiongorora nzira dzechinyakare dzekuvandudza goridhe kubva mumatombo uye nzira dzemazuva ano.

Kunzwisisa Iyo Goridhe Cyanide Leaching Maitiro

Izvo zvakakosha zveCyanide Leaching

Mune goridhe cyanide leaching, cyanide ions (CN⁻) inobata negoridhe pamberi peokisijeni kuumba goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Mhedzisiro yacho yese inogona kurerutswa se:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Kuita uku kunoitika mumatanho makuru maviri. Chekutanga, goridhe rinoiswa oxidized neokisijeni, uye ipapo iyo oxidized goridhe inopindirana ne cyanide ions kuumba iyo inonyungudika yakaoma. Iyo leaching process inogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, senge mumatangi mahombe ekubvongodzwa - tank leaching (inoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-giredhi ores kana concentrate) kana mumirwi yemurwi leaching (inokodzera yakaderera-giredhi ores).

Key Parameters Inobata Leaching Kubudirira

1. Kuwanda kweCyanide : Kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakwana hwecyanide kwakakosha. Kana huwandu hwacho hwakanyanya kuderera, kunyungudika kwegoridhe kunogona kusakwana. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwanda kwakanyanya hakungowedzeri mutengo wecyanide chete asiwo kunokonzera njodzi kunharaunda. Kune akawanda maore, kuwanda kwecyanide kuri pakati pe0.05 - 0.1% kunowanzo shandiswa, asi izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hweore.

2. Kuwanikwa kweOkisijeni : Okisijeni chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwegold-cyanide. Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni kwakakwana kunogona kukurumidzisa mwero wekubuda kweokisijeni. Mukati mekubviswa kweokisijeni mutangi, mhepo kana okisijeni yakachena inogona kuiswa mumatangi ekubuda. Chiyero checyanide kuokisijeni (CN⁻/O₂) chinokanganisawo mashandiro ekuita. Kana CN⁻/O₂ > 6, kuita kweokisijeni kunonyanya kudzorwa nekupararira kweokisijeni, nepo kana CN⁻/O₂ < 6, inodzorwa nekupararira kweokisijeni.

3. pH Level : pH ye leaching solution ine basa rakakosha. Nzvimbo ine alkaline yakawanda (kazhinji pH 10 - 11) inochengetwa kudzivirira hydrolysis ye cyanide kuita hydrogen cyanide (HCN), gasi rine chepfu uye rinoshanduka. Lime (CaO) inowanzowedzerwa kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza pH.

4. Tembiricha : Kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekuita. Zvisinei, mukuita, tembiricha inowanzo ganhurira kusvika pa25 - 40°C. Tembiricha dzakakwirira dzinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwecyanide nekuda kwekuita kwezvimwe zvinhu uye kupwa kwemvura.

Maitiro eKuvandudza Leaching Kubudirira

Optimizing Process Parameters

1. Kukuya uye Kudzora Hukuru hweZvidimbu : Kuve nechokwadi chekuti simbi inokweshwa zvakanaka kwakakosha. Hukuru hwezvidimbu zvakatetepa hunoisa nzvimbo yakawanda pamusoro pezvicherwa zvine goridhe ku cyanide solution, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubvisa simbi nekukurumidza uye zvakakwana. Semuenzaniso, mugodhi wegoridhe muSouth Africa, kuderedza hukuru hwezvidimbu zvesimbi kubva pa75μm kusvika pa53μm kwakawedzera mwero wekudzoserwa kwegoridhe ne8% mukubviswa kwecyanide.

2. Kukurunga uye Kukurunga : Mukubvisa matangi akakurunga, kukurunga kwakanaka kunoita kuti zvidimbu zveore, cyanide solution, uye oxygen zvipararire zvakaenzana mutangi. Izvi zvinovandudza kubatana pakati pezvinokonzeresa uye zvinowedzera mwero wekuburitsa. Masisitimu ekusimudzira epamusoro ane mota dzinomhanya-mhanya dzinogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveore nemamiriro ekuburitsa.

3. Kugadzirisa Nguva Yekubvisa Madhaka : Kuziva nguva yakakodzera yekuburitsa madhaka kwakaenzana. Kubvisa madhaka kwenguva refu kunogona kuwedzera kudzoserwa kwegoridhe asi zvakare kunotungamira pakushandiswa kwakawanda kwecyanide uye mari yekushandisa. Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwerabhoritari uye process modeling, nguva yakakodzera yekuburitsa madhaka inogona kutsanangurwa kune mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo. Kune mamwe matombo epamusoro, nguva yekuburitsa madhaka yemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere inogona kukwana, nepo kune matombo akaomarara, inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri kana kupfuura.

Kushandisa Additives uye Promoters

1. Zvinoita Oxidizing : Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinoita oxidizing zvakaita sehydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), kana calcium peroxide (CaO₂) kunogona kuwedzera gold leaching. Izvi zvinokonzera oxidation zvinowedzera oxygen yakanyungudutswa muslurry uye zvinokurumidzisa oxidation yegold. Semuenzaniso, muchidzidzo chakaitwa pagold ore inodzivisa kukora muAustralia, kuwedzera H₂O₂ pahuwandu hwe2 kg/t yeore kwakawedzera gold leaching rate kubva pa70% kusvika 85% mukati menguva imwe chete yekureaching.

2. Munyu wesimbi ine simba : Mimwe munyu wesimbi ine simba, senge munyu we lead (semuenzaniso, Pb(NO₃)₂), inogona kushanda senzira dzinosimudzira mukuita kwe cyanide leaching. Dzinoumba masero egalvanic emunharaunda negoridhe, zvichikurumidzisa kunyungudika kwegoridhe. Muchirimwa checyanide chekuCanada, kuwedzera Pb(NO₃)₂ kwakabatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakanaka hweokisijeni yakanyungudika mu cyanide circuit uye kwakakunda mhedzisiro yakaipa ye sulfide minerals pa cyanidation.

3. Zvinhu Zvinobatanidza : Zvinhu zvinosanganisa zvakaita se ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) zvinogona kushandiswa kusanganisa tsvina iri mumatombo, senge copper, zinc, uye iron ions. Izvi zvinoderedza kukwikwidzana kwetsvina iyi negoridhe kune cyanide ions, zvichivandudza kushanda kwegoridhe Leaching.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Kubvisa Okisijeni Yakawedzerwa : Inozivikanwawo seCIG (Carbon-in-Gold) oxygenation process, nzira iyi inosanganisira kuzadza okisijeni yakachena mutangi rekuburitsa mvura panzvimbo pemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumatope kunowedzera kukurumidza kwekuburitsa mvura. Kubvisa okisijeni yakawedzerwa kunogona kuderedza nguva yekuburitsa mvura kusvika ku50% zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekuburitsa mvura uye kuvandudza mwero wekuburitsa goridhe ne10 - 20%.

2. Kubvisa Simba : Kubvisa simba recyanide mumidziyo inodzvinyirira kunoitwa mumudziyo unodzvinyirira. Kuwedzera simba kunowedzera kunyungudika kweokisijeni necyanide mumushonga uye kunokurumidza kukurumidza kuita basa. Pakumanikidzwa kwe2×10⁵ Pa, mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe unogona kuva ka10 - 20 kupfuura kana uchimanikidzwa zvakajairika. Iyi tekinoroji inoshanda zvakanyanya kune matombo egoridhe asingagadzike.

3. Kubviswa kwesimbi neUltrasonic : Mafungu eUltrasonic anogona kuiswa panguva yekubviswa kwesimbi. Simba reUltrasonic rinogadzira mabubbles ekubvisa tsvina mumvura, ayo anodonha ogadzira nzvimbo dzine simba rakawanda uye tembiricha yakakwira. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchenesa pamusoro pezvidimbu zvegoridhe, kupwanya chikamu chinopararira chakakomberedza zvidimbu, uye kukurudzira kupinda kwecyanide solution muore, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa tsvina.

Process Monitoring uye Kudzora

1. Vaongorori Vepamhepo : Kushandisa vaongorori vepamhepo vezviyero zvakaita se cyanide concentration, oxygen content, pH, uye gold concentration mu leachate kunobvumira kutarisa panguva chaiyo maitiro e leaching. Semuenzaniso, online cyanide analyzer inogona kuona shanduko mu cyanide concentration mukati memasekonzi, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vagadzirise chiyero chekuwedzera cyanide nekukurumidza.

2. Masisitimu Ekutonga Anozvigadzira : Masisitimu ekutonga anozvigadzira anogona kushandiswa kudzora mashandisirwo emabasa zvichibva padata rinobva ku-online analyzers. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzerwa kwe-cyanide, lime, uye oxidizing agents kunogona kugadziriswa otomatiki zvichienderana nehuwandu hwecyanide concentration uye pH. Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu uye zvinoita kuti maitiro ekuburitsa mvura ashande zvakanaka uye akasimba.

mhedziso

Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa goridhe rakasviba ibasa rine mativi akawanda rinosanganisira kugadzirisa mafambiro echinyakare ekugadzira, kushandisa zvinowedzerwa uye zvinokurudzira, kushandisa matekinoroji ekubvisa goridhe rakawanda , uye kushandisa masisitimu ekutarisa nekugadzirisa maitiro anoshanda. Nekushandisa nzira idzi, mabasa ekuchera anogona kuvandudza mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe, kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide, uye kusimudzira kuchengetedzeka kwehupfumi nenharaunda. Sezvo indasitiri yekuchera goridhe ichiramba ichichinja, kutsvagisa kunoramba kuripo uye hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekubvisa cyanide zvichave zvakakosha kuti zvisangane nematambudziko ekuoma kwematombo nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza.