Iyo minda yekushandisa uye kukosha kwe sodium cyanide

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), upfu hwemakristaro machena, ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda asi yakakosha zvikuru. Pasinei nekuti inouraya, inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide uye chinoratidza kukosha kwayo.

Cyanide Mining: Kutora Masimbi Anokosha

Goridhe Cyanidation Maitiro

Nzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo emhando yepasi. Inopfuura 70% yekushandiswa kwecyanide pasi rose inoitirwa izvi. Mukuita uku, Sodium Cyanide inoshandiswa kunyungudutsa simbi yegoridhe. Nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba pakati pegoridhe necyanide, goridhe riri mumatombo aya rinonyungudika uye rinonyungudika kana rakaiswa mumhepo, okisijeni, nemvura. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumatombo aya zvakanaka izvo zvingadai zvisina mari yakawanda pakugadzirisa, zvichibatsira zvikuru pakuwanikwa kwegoridhe pasi rose.

Sirivha uye Mamwe Masimbi Anokosha Kutorwa

Sodium cyanide haingogumiri pakutorwa kwegoridhe. Inoshandiswawo mukutorwa kwesirivheri uye mamwe masimbi anokosha kubva kune ore yavo. Nekugadzira simbi yakagadzika - cyanide complexes, inogonesa kupatsanurwa kweaya masimbi akakosha kubva padombo rekugamuchira. Izvi zvakakosha kuindasitiri yezvicherwa sezvo zvichibatsira mukukwidziridza kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi dzakakosha uye kusimudzira kugona kwehupfumi hwemabasa emigodhi.

Kemikari Feedstock: Zvivharo zvekuvaka zveMishonga yeMakemikari

Synthesis yeInorganic Cyanides

Sodium cyanide inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha pakugadzira macyanide akasiyana-siyana asina kugadzirwa . Makemikari akadai secyanuric chloride, cyanogen chloride, uye ma nitriles akawanda anobva mairi. Semuenzaniso, cyanuric chloride chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yekuuraya uswa, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemapolymers. Kukwanisa kugadzira maCyanides aya asina kugadzirwa kubva kuSodium cyanide ndiko kunoita hwaro hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari ari pasi.

Organic Synthesis

Mune organic synthesis, cyanide, seyakasimba nucleophile, inoshandiswa kugadzira nitriles. Nitriles akapararira mumakemikari akawanda, kusanganisira mishonga. Muenzaniso wemufananidzo ndeyekuumbwa kwe benzyl cyanide nekuita kwe benzyl chloride uye sodium cyanide. Kuita uku inhanho yakakosha mukuumbwa kweakawanda organic compounds, kuratidza kukosha kwe sodium cyanide mumunda we organic chemistry. Kuumbwa kwemishonga yakawanda, zvinonhuhwirira, uye zvinonhuwira zvinowanzotsamira pakushandiswa kwema nitriles akagadzirwa kubva ku sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Kuvandudza Metal Surfaces

Muindasitiri ye electroplating, sodium cyanide inoita basa rakawanda. Kana ichishandiswa mu electroplating mhinduro dzesimbi dzakadai semhangura, sirivheri, cadmium, uye zinc, inoshanda akati wandei. Chekutanga, inoderedza iyo anodic polarization, ichiva nechokwadi chekunyungudika uye kuenderera mberi kweanode. Izvi zvinobatsira mukuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakadzikama kwesimbi ions mune yeplating mhinduro. Chechipiri, inowedzera cathodic polarization, iyo yakakosha kuti uwane yunifomu uye inonamatira simbi yekuputira pane cathode. Iko kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mu electroplating inobvumira kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro simbi inopera neyakagadziridzwa corrosion resistance, kutaridzika, uye kusimba. Izvi zvakakosha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kubva pakushongedza kwekushongedza muzvishongo uye zvinhu zvevatengi kusvika kune inoshanda plating mumaindasitiri emotokari uye aerospace.

Zvimwe Niche Zvishandiso

Metal Hardening

Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa muindasitiri yekuomesa simbi. Mune mamwe maitiro ekupisa, inogona kushandiswa kuisa Carbon nenitrogen pamusoro pezvikamu zvesimbi. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa secyaniding, anovandudza kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kuramba kupfeka kwesimbi ukuwo ichiramba yakasimba mukati. Zvikamu zvakaita semagiya, shafts, uye fasteners zvinogona kugadziriswa nenzira iyi kuti zviwedzere kushanda kwadzo uye hupenyu hwadzo mukushandiswa kwemakanika.

Fumigation

Mune mamwe mashandisirwo ekurima uye ekuchengetedza, sodium cyanide yakashandiswa sefumigant. Nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuburitsa gasi rehydrogen cyanide, iro rine muchetura kune tupukanana, rinogona kushandiswa kudzora tumbuyu, makonzo, uye humwe tumbuyu muzviyo zvakachengetwa, matura, uye magreenhouse. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwayo mufumigation kunodzorwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanya uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano.

Kukosha kweSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide yakakosha mumaindasitiri aya haigone kuwedzeredzwa. Muindasitiri yezvicherwa, inogonesa kutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha dzakakoshera hupfumi hwenyika, indasitiri yezvishongo, uye kusimukira kwehunyanzvi. Muindasitiri yemakemikari, inoshanda sechinhu kiyi yekuvaka kweasingaverengeke makemikari makomisheni ayo anoshandiswa mumishonga, mapurasitiki, faibha, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvevatengi uye zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri. Mu electroplating, inova nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro-yemhando yesimbi inodzivirira uye inosimudzira mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvesimbi. Kunyangwe mune yayo niche maapplication senge simbi kuomesa uye fumigation, inopa yakasarudzika mhinduro iyo yakaoma kutsiva nemamwe makemikari.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kubata, kuchengetedza, uye kuraswa kwesodium cyanide kunofanirwa kuitwa nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya nekuda kwehupfu hwayo. Mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza uye kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha kudzikisa njodzi dzine chekuita nekemikari iyi. Pasinei nenjodzi, kukosha kwayo mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana kunoita kuti ive kemikari yakakosha uye inoenderera mberi nekudzidza.