Basa reSodium Cyanide muMineral Processing Kemikari

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari inokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa , kunyangwe ine chepfu yakawanda. Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoibvumira kutamba mabasa akakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mukubvisa simbi dzinokosha. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa mashandiro chaiwo uye mashandisirwo esodium cyanide mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa.

Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide iupfu chena, ikiristalline ine kufenda, kunhuhwirira kwearumondi. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye ine hygroscopic, zvichireva kuti inotora hunyoro kubva mumhepo. Mumushonga wemvura, inopatsanurwa kuita sodium ions (Na⁺) uye cyanide ions (CN⁻). Iyo cyanide ion ndiyo yakakosha mhando inokonzera reactivity yayo mukugadziriswa kwemaminerari. Iine hukama hwakasimba kune dzimwe simbi ions, iyo inoumba hwaro hwekushandiswa kwayo.

Basa muKuchera Goridhe neSirivha

Kuchera Goridhe

Imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa dzekushandisa Sodium Cyanide mukugadzira zvicherwa ndeyekuburitsa goridhe . Maitiro acho anobva pakuti goridhe rinogona kugadzira macomplexes akagadzikana nemaion ecyanide kana paine okisijeni. Maitiro ese anogona kumiririrwa seizvi:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Mukuita uku, goridhe rinosanganiswa neokisijeni uye rozogadzira soluble complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Iyi complex inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva kuore matrix, kazhinji kuburikidza ne adsorption pa activated Carbon kana nekushandisa zinc dust kuti isimbise goridhe.

Kushandiswa kweSodium cyanide mukubvisa goridhe kune zvakanakira zvakawanda. Hazvidhuri zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekushandisa. Maitiro aya anoshandawo zvakanyanya, anokwanisa kudzosa goridhe kubva mumatombo emhando yepasi. Semuenzaniso, mumabasa makuru ekuchera goridhe akadai seari muSouth Africa neAustralia, kuchekwa kwecyanide kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukubvisa goridhe kunokonzerawo kunetseka kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo nekuda kwechepfu yayo.

Silver Extraction

Zvakafanana negoridhe, sirivha inogonawo kutorwa uchishandisa sodium cyanide. Sirivha inoumba inonyungudika ine cyanide ions, senge Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Maitiro ekuchera sirivha ane pfungwa dzakafanana nedzegoridhe, kusanganisira kubviswa kwematombo necyanide - ine mhinduro. Iyi nzira inoshanda pakubvisa sirivha kubva kune akasiyana sirivha - inobereka ores, kusanganisira argentite (Ag₂S) uye nyanga sirivheri (AgCl).

Basa Mukuparadzanisa Simbi uye Kucheneswa

Selective Dissolution

Sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa dzimwe simbi kubva musanganiswa wemaminerari. Semuenzaniso, mune yakaoma ore ine mhangura, zingi, uye dzimwe simbi pamwe chete nesimbi dzinokosha, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivheri ichisiya mamwe masimbi kumashure. Kusarudzwa uku kunoenderana nekugadzikana kwesimbi - cyanide complexes yakaumbwa. Kugadzikana kwesimbi - cyanide complexes inosiyana, negoridhe nesirivheri zvichigadzira macomplexes akanyatsogadzikana, nepo mamwe masimbi epasi achigadzira macomplexes asina kugadzikana mune mamwe mamiriro.

Semuenzaniso, mumhangura - yegoridhe ore, mhangura inogona kutanga yabviswa nedzimwe nzira dzakadai se flotation kana acid leaching. Zvadaro, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kupinza goridhe rasara. Uku kuparara kwakasarudzwa kunobvumira kupatsanurwa kwakanaka uye kucheneswa kwesimbi dzinokosha kubva kune yakaoma ores.

Complexation for Purification

Kana iyo simbi - cyanide complexes yakaumbwa, inogona kuenderera mberi nekunatswa. Semuenzaniso, munyaya yekuchera goridhe, mushure mekugadzirwa kweNa[Au (CN) ₂], iyo yakaoma inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva kune tsvina mumhinduro. Iyo cyanide yakaoma inogona kurapwa neinodzikisira mumiriri kudonha goridhe rakachena. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, simbi - cyanide complexes inogona kushandiswa mu electroplating maitiro. Mu electroplating, iyo simbi - cyanide complex inoshanda senzvimbo yeioni yesimbi. Iyo cyanide ions mune yakaoma inobatsira kudzora deposition rate yesimbi pane substrate, zvichiita kuti iwedzere yunifomu uye inonamatira simbi coating.

Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Pasinei nekubatsira kwayo mukugadzirwa kwemaminerari, sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Kunyange uwandu hudiki hunogona kuuraya kana hukamwiwa, hukafemerwa, kana hukapinzwa nemuganda. Munharaunda, kana sodium cyanide ikasunungurwa, inogona kuisa njodzi yakakomba kuhupenyu hwemvura uye zvipenyu zvepanyika. Cyanide inogona kuita semvura kuumba hydrogen cyanide (HCN), gasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura.

Kudzikamisa njodzi idzi, kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba uye mirau yezvakatipoteredza inotonga kushandiswa, kuchengetedza, uye kutakura kwesodium cyanide muindasitiri yekugadzira zvicherwa. Migodhi uye zvivakwa zvekugadzirisa zvinofanirwa kushandisa zvakaringana zvemukati uye nzira dzekurapa kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide - ine tsvina. Semuenzaniso, nzira dzekurapa dzakadai sealkaline chlorination, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, uye sulfur dioxide - air oxidation inoshandiswa kuputsa cyanide mumvura ine tsvina isati yabudiswa.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa zvicherwa, kunyanya mukutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha segoridhe nesirivheri uye mukuparadzanisa simbi uye nzira dzekuchenesa. Kugona kwayo kuumba yakagadzikana macomplexes ane mamwe simbi ions inoita kuti ive reagent inoshanda. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwakanyanyisa hunoda kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba ichishanduka, pane kudiwa kuri kukura kwekugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakafanana pasina njodzi dzinobatanidzwa dzekushandisa sodium cyanide. Zvakangodaro, parizvino, sodium cyanide inoramba iri kemikari yakakosha muchemisheni yekugadzira zvicherwa, ine mashandisirwo ayo akanyatso kuenzana nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.