Basa reSodium Cyanide muMineral Processing Kemikari

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari yakakosha munzvimbo ye mineral processing, pasinei nokuti ine chepfu yakawanda. Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoigonesa kutamba mabasa akakosha mumatanho akasiyana, kunyanya mukubviswa kwesimbi dzakakosha. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune chaiwo mabasa uye mashandisirwo e sodium cyanide mune mineral processing.

Chemical Properties yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide iupfu chena, ikiristalline ine kufenda, kunhuhwirira kwearumondi. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye ine hygroscopic, zvichireva kuti inotora hunyoro kubva mumhepo. Mumushonga wemvura, inopatsanurwa kuita sodium ions (Na⁺) uye cyanide ions (CN⁻). Iyo cyanide ion ndiyo yakakosha mhando inokonzera reactivity yayo mukugadziriswa kwemaminerari. Iine hukama hwakasimba kune dzimwe simbi ions, iyo inoumba hwaro hwekushandiswa kwayo.

Basa muKuchera Goridhe neSirivha

Kuchera Goridhe

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa maapplication e Sodium Cyanide mune mineral processing iri mukati kutorwa kwegoridhe. Maitiro acho anobva pane chokwadi chekuti goridhe inogona kugadzira yakagadzikana macomplexes ane cyanide ions muhupo hweokisijeni. The general reaction inogona kumiririrwa sezvizvi:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Mukuita uku, goridhe rinosanganiswa neokisijeni uye rozogadzira soluble complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Iyi complex inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva ku ore matrix, kazhinji kuburikidza ne adsorption pa activated. kabhoni kana nekushandisa guruva rezinc semarara kuti goridhe riite semarara.

Kushandiswa Sodium cyanide mukuchera goridhe kunopa zvakati wandei zvakanakira. Iyo isingadhuri kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira. Iyo nzira zvakare inoshanda zvakanyanya, inokwanisa kudzoreredza goridhe kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Semuyenzaniso, mukucherwa kukuru kwegoridhe sekunge kuSouth Africa neAustralia, cyanide leaching inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mukutorwa kwegoridhe zvakare kunosimudza kwakakosha kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka kunetseka nekuda kwehupfu hwayo.

Silver Extraction

Zvakafanana negoridhe, sirivha inogonawo kutorwa uchishandisa sodium cyanide. Sirivha inoumba inonyungudika ine cyanide ions, senge Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Maitiro ekuchera sirivha ane pfungwa dzakafanana nedzegoridhe, kusanganisira kubviswa kwematombo necyanide - ine mhinduro. Iyi nzira inoshanda pakubvisa sirivha kubva kune akasiyana sirivha - inobereka ores, kusanganisira argentite (Ag₂S) uye nyanga sirivheri (AgCl).

Basa Mukuparadzanisa Simbi uye Kucheneswa

Selective Dissolution

Sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa dzimwe simbi kubva musanganiswa wemaminerari. Semuenzaniso, mune yakaoma ore ine mhangura, zingi, uye dzimwe simbi pamwe chete nesimbi dzinokosha, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivheri ichisiya mamwe masimbi kumashure. Kusarudzwa uku kunoenderana nekugadzikana kwesimbi - cyanide complexes yakaumbwa. Kugadzikana kwesimbi - cyanide complexes inosiyana, negoridhe nesirivheri zvichigadzira macomplexes akanyatsogadzikana, nepo mamwe masimbi epasi achigadzira macomplexes asina kugadzikana mune mamwe mamiriro.

Semuenzaniso, mumhangura - yegoridhe ore, mhangura inogona kutanga yabviswa nedzimwe nzira dzakadai se flotation kana acid leaching. Zvadaro, sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa kupinza goridhe rasara. Uku kuparara kwakasarudzwa kunobvumira kupatsanurwa kwakanaka uye kucheneswa kwesimbi dzinokosha kubva kune yakaoma ores.

Complexation for Purification

Kana iyo simbi - cyanide complexes yakaumbwa, inogona kuenderera mberi nekunatswa. Semuenzaniso, munyaya yekuchera goridhe, mushure mekugadzirwa kweNa[Au (CN) ₂], iyo yakaoma inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva kune tsvina mumhinduro. Iyo cyanide yakaoma inogona kurapwa neinodzikisira mumiriri kudonha goridhe rakachena. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, simbi - cyanide complexes inogona kushandiswa mu electroplating maitiro. Mu electroplating, iyo simbi - cyanide complex inoshanda senzvimbo yeioni yesimbi. Iyo cyanide ions mune yakaoma inobatsira kudzora deposition rate yesimbi pane substrate, zvichiita kuti iwedzere yunifomu uye inonamatira simbi coating.

Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedzwa

Pasinei nekubatsira kwayo mukugadzirwa kwemaminerari, sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Kunyange uwandu hudiki hunogona kuuraya kana hukamwiwa, hukafemerwa, kana hukapinzwa nemuganda. Munharaunda, kana sodium cyanide ikasunungurwa, inogona kuisa njodzi yakakomba kuhupenyu hwemvura uye zvipenyu zvepanyika. Cyanide inogona kuita semvura kuumba hydrogen cyanide (HCN), gasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura.

Kudzikamisa njodzi idzi, kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba uye mirau yezvakatipoteredza inotonga kushandiswa, kuchengetedza, uye kutakura kwesodium cyanide muindasitiri yekugadzira zvicherwa. Migodhi uye zvivakwa zvekugadzirisa zvinofanirwa kushandisa zvakaringana zvemukati uye nzira dzekurapa kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide - ine tsvina. Semuenzaniso, nzira dzekurapa dzakadai sealkaline chlorination, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, uye sulfur dioxide - air oxidation inoshandiswa kuputsa cyanide mumvura ine tsvina isati yabudiswa.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa zvicherwa, kunyanya mukutorwa kwesimbi dzakakosha segoridhe nesirivheri uye mukuparadzanisa simbi uye nzira dzekuchenesa. Kugona kwayo kuumba yakagadzikana macomplexes ane mamwe simbi ions inoita kuti ive reagent inoshanda. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwakanyanyisa hunoda kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba ichishanduka, pane kudiwa kuri kukura kwekugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakafanana pasina njodzi dzinobatanidzwa dzekushandisa sodium cyanide. Zvakangodaro, parizvino, sodium cyanide inoramba iri kemikari yakakosha muchemisheni yekugadzira zvicherwa, ine mashandisirwo ayo akanyatso kuenzana nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.