Iko Kushandisa uye Tekinoroji Innovation yeSodium Cyanide muGoridhe Ore Kubviswa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), sechinhu chakakosha chekuchera goridhe, yakatonga indasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe pasi rose nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekunyungudutsa goridhe zvine mutsindo. Nekudaro, nekuwedzera kwekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, iyo yechinyakare cyanidation nzira iri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda maererano nemutengo, kuchengetedzeka, uye kusimba. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakadzama mashandisirwo ekushandisa kwe Sodium Cyanide in Goridhe Ore Kuchera uye ongorora hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hwave kufambisa shanduko yeindasitiri mumakore achangopfuura.

I. Misimboti Yepakati uye Yazvino Mamiriro Ekushandisa eCyanidation Method

1. Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Sodium cyanide inonyungudutsa goridhe kuburikidza nekuita kunotevera:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Kuita uku kunoitika munzvimbo ine alkaline (pH 10-11), uye kuenderera mberi kweokisijeni kunodiwa kuchengetedza iyo oxidation mamiriro egoridhe. Kunyangwe iyo goridhe yekudzoreredza chiyero cheiyo cyanidation nzira yakakwira kusvika pamusoro pe90%, chepfu uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza zvakaita kuti indasitiri iyi itsvage kuvandudzwa.

2. Nhungamiro dzeTechnological Optimization

• Low-concentration Cyanide Process: Kuderedza cyanide concentration kubva 0.1% kusvika 0.01% -0.03%, iyo inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemareagents uye njodzi yekudonha;

• Kuwedzera Leaching Kubudirira: Pretreating ores kuburikidza ne ultrasonic kana microwave tekinoroji, kana kuwedzera catalysts (senge lead salt) kukurumidza kuita;

• Yakavharwa-loop Circulation System: Kuwana chiyero chekudzokorora cheinopfuura 95% yemhinduro yecyanide uye kuderedza kuburitswa.

II. Matambudziko eTekinoroji Anotarisana neCyanidation Method

1. Kuoma kweOres

• Refractory Ores: Sulfide ores ine arsenic uye sulfur inoda pre-oxidation (yakadai sokugocha kana kumanikidza oxidation), kuwedzera mutengo;

• Kupindira Kwekusachena: Metal ions yakadai semhangura nesimbi inodya cyanide, zvichiita kuti 30% -50% iwedzere muyero ye reagents.

2. Mamiriro Ezvakatipoteredza uye Dziviriro Dzvinyiriro

• Ngozi yeCyanide Leakage: Paavhareji, kune dzinenge 20 tsaona dzekudonha kwecyanide pasi rose gore rega rega, dzinotyisidzira matsime emvura uye ecosystem;

• High-energy Kushandisa mu Pretreatment: Kushandiswa kwesimba kwechinyakare oxidation maitiro kunodarika makumi mana muzana emutengo wakakwana.

III. Tekinoroji Innovations: Kubva kuChinyakare kuenda kuGreen Maitirwo

1. Mabhindauko muCyanide-isina Leaching Technologies

• Thiourea Leaching Method: Kushandisa acidic thiourea mhinduro (pH 1.5-2.5) kunyungudutsa goridhe, nemaitiro ekuita:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Zvakanakira: Kwete-chepfu, yakakodzera kune yakaderera-giredhi oxidized ores;

Mamiriro ezvinhu: Mamiriro e acidic anogona kukanganisa midziyo, uye mutengo uri 15% -20% yakakwirira kudarika iyo yenzira yecyanidation.

• Bromination Leaching Method: Kutora sodium bromide / potasium bromate system, ine goridhe rekudzoreredza mwero unosvika 92%, uye iyo leaching rate inomhanya kakapetwa katatu pane iyo yecyanidation nzira.

2. Biological Leaching uye Nanotechnology

• Microbial Pretreatment: Kushandisa Thiobacillus ferrooxidans kuodza sulfide ores, kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumineral encapsulation uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kwepre-oxidation ne30%;

• Adsorption neNanomaterials: Graphene oxide inogona kusarudza adsorb Au(CN)₂⁻, ine adsorption inokwana kusvika 500 mg/g, iyo inokwirira katatu pane iyo activated carbon.

3. Digital uye Intelligent Upgrades

• Kufanotaura kweSlurry Concentration neAI: Kugadzirisa iyo slurry concentration kuburikidza nemuchina wekudzidza modhi, kuderedza kuparara kwecyanide ne10% -15%;

• Traceability kuburikidza neBlockchain: Kurekodha yehupenyu hwese data yecyanide kuwedzera kujeka kwekutarisa.

IV. Makesi Akajairika uye Maitiro eIndasitiri

1. Newmont Corporation muCanada

• utsanzi: Kutora tekinoroji ye"Biological Leaching + membrane kupatsanurwa" kurapa refractory ores;

• kubudirira: Kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide ne60% uye kuwedzera goridhe rekudzoreredza kusvika pa94%.

2. Zijin Mining Group muChina

• Technology: Kuzvimiririra kugadzira "yakaderera-cyanide uye yakakwirira-inoshanda goridhe leaching agent", ichideredza dosi ye cyanide ne40%;

• kunyoresa: Kuisimudzira mune mumwe mugodhi wegoridhe muGuizhou, ichichengetedza mari inodarika mamiriyoni makumi maviri emayuan pagore.

V. Ramangwana Nezvinotarisirwa

1. Kutonga kweGreen Maitiro: Zvinotarisirwa kuti panosvika 2030. cyanide-isina leaching tekinoroji ichaita 30% yemugove wemusika;

2. Intelligent Mines: AI neInternet Yezvinhu (IoT) ichagonesa chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa maitiro ese, ichidzikisa huwandu hwetsaona ne80%;

3. Circular Economy Model: Kuwedzera chiyero chekudzoreredza checyanide kubva pa60% kusvika 90% yazvino, uye kushandisa zvigadzirwa (zvakadai seammonium sulfate) pakudzokorodza zviwanikwa.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide mukugadzirwa kwegoridhe kwegoridhe iri kuchinjwa kubva kune "kusvibiswa kwepamusoro" kune "high-technology" nzira. Kunyangwe iyo cyanidation nzira icharamba ichitonga munguva pfupi, mabhindauko e-cyanide-isina leaching, biological engineering, uye tekinoroji yedhijitari inoratidza kuti kucherwa kwegoridhe kuchapinda munguva itsva yakachengeteka, inoshanda, uye yakagadzikana. Mune ramangwana, iyo synergistic mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye gwara regwara richagadzirisa mamiriro eindasitiri, kuwana win-win mamiriro pakati pemabhenefiti ehupfumi uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.