Iko Kushandisa uye Tekinoroji Innovation yeSodium Cyanide muGoridhe Ore Kubviswa

sodiumcyanide (NaCN), as a core reagent nokuti Kuchera goridhe, has domiNated the global Gold Mining Indasitiri due to its characteristic of efficiently dissolving goridhe. However, with the increasing Kuchengetedzwa kwemagarirozvinodiwa and technological advansimentis, the traditional Cyanidation method is facing multiple challenges in terms of cost, chengetedzo, uye kuchengetedza. This article will deeply analyze the application MEChanism of Sodium Cyanide in Goridhe Ore Kuchera uye kuongorora zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvis that have been driving the indasitiri's transforMAtion in recent years.

I. The Core PrinCIPles and Current Application Status of the cyanidation nzira

1. Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Sodium cyanide dissolves gold through the following kuita:

4Au + 8NACN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

This reaction occurs in an alkalinemhepo mvura nenzvimbo (pH 10-11), and continuous oxygen sUPply is required to maintain the oxyidation state of gold. Although the Gold Recovery Rate ye cyanidation method is as high as over 90%, its toxicity uye Njodzi Yezvakatipoteredzas have prompted the industry to seek improvements.

2. Nhungamiro dzeTechnological Optimization

• Low-concentration cyanide urongwa: Reducing the cyanide concentration from 0.1% to 0.01%-0.03%, which can decrease the kunwa of reagents and the risk of leakage;

• Kuwedzeredza Leaching Efficiency: Pretreating ores through ultrasonic or microwave technology, or adding zvinokurudzira (zvakaita se Lead Salts) to accelerate the reaction;

• Yakavharwa-loop Circulation System: ACHieving a recycling rate of over 95% for the cyanide solution and reducing emissions.

II. Matambudziko eTekinoroji Anotarisana neCyanidation Method

1. Kuoma kweOres

• refractory Ores: sulfide ores containing arsenic and sulfur require pre-oxidation (such as roasting or pressure oxidation), increasing the cost;

• Kupindira Kwekusachena: Metal ions zvakaita se mhangura uye dare inodya Cyanide, tungamiraing to a 30%-50% increase in the muyero of reagents.

2. Envdaremupfungwa uye chengetedzo Dzvinyiriro

• Ngozi yeCyanide Leakage: On average, there are about 20 cyanide leakage accidents globally each year, threatening mvura sources and the ecosystem;

• High-energy Consumption in pretreatment: The energy consumption of traditional oxidation pezvakaitwa accounts for more than 40% of the total cost.

III. Tekinoroji Innovations: Kubva kuChinyakare kuenda kuGreen Maitirwo

1. Breakthroughs in Cyanide-Yemahara Leaching Technologies

• thioureaLeaching nzira:Kushandisa an asidhiic thioUrea solution (pH 1.5-2.5) to dissolve gold, with the reaction formula:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Advantages: isina chepfu, suitable for low-grade Oxidized ores;

Mamiriro ezvinhu: Mamiriro e acidic anogona kukanganisa midziyo, uye mutengo uri 15% -20% yakakwirira kudarika iyo yenzira yecyanidation.

• Bromination leaching nzira: Kutora a sodium bromide/Potassium bromate system, with a goridhe kupora rate of up to 92%, and the Leaching rate is 3 times faster than that of the cyanidation method.

2. Biological Leaching and Nanotechnology

• Hutachiona Kufungidzira: Using ThiobaCILlus ferrooxidans to decompose Sulfide Ores, releasing gold from the mineral encapsulation and reducing the energy consumption of pre-oxidation by 30%;

• Adsorption by Nanozvinhu: Graphene oxide can selectively adsorb Au(CN)₂⁻, with an adsorption capacity of up to 500 mg/g, which is 3 times higher than that of activated kabhoni.

3. Digital uye Intelligent Upgrades

• Kufanotaura kweKuwanda kweSlurry neAI : Kugadzirisa huwandu hweslurry kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wekudzidza kwemuchina, kuderedza marara ecyanide ne10%-15%;

• Kutevedzana kuburikidza neBlockchain : Kurekodha data rese re cyanide muhupenyu hwese kuti kuwedzere kujeka kwekutarisa.

IV. Makesi Akajairika uye Maitiro eIndasitiri

1. Newmont Corporation muCanada

• utsanzi: Kutora tekinoroji ye"Biological Leaching + membrane patsanuro" to treat refractory ores;

• kubudirira: Reducing the consumption of cyanide by 60% and increasing the Gold recovery rate kusvika pa94%.

2. Zijin kuchera Group in China

• Technology: Independently developing the "low-cyanide and high-kunyatsoshanda goridhe Leaching agent", reducing the dosage of cyanide by 40%;

• kunyoresa: Promoting it in a certain yangu yegoridhe in Guizhou, saving over 20 million yuan in costs annually.

V. Ramangwana Nezvinotarisirwa

1. Kutonga kweGreen Maitiro: It is expected that by 2030. Cyanide-isina Leaching technologies will account for 30% of the market share;

2. Migodhi ine Ungwaru : AI neInternet of Things (IoT) zvichagonesa kutarisa zvese panguva chaiyo, zvichideredza huwandu hwetsaona ne80%;

3. Circular Economy mhando: Increasing the kupora rate of cyanide from the current 60% to 90%, and utilizing by-zvinogadzirwa (zvakaita se Ammonium sulfate) for resource recycling.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwe sodium cyanide in Goridhe Ore Kuchera is undergoing a transformation from a "high-pollution" to a "high-technology" approach. Although the cyanidation method will still dominate in the short term, the breakthroughs in cyanide-free leaching, biological engineering, and digital technologies indicate that Ndarama Kuchera will enter a new era that is ngozir, more efficient, and more sustainable. In the future, the synergistic effect of technological innovation and policy guidance will reshape the industry landscape, achieving a win-win situation between Zvemari Kubatsirwa and ecological protection.