MaReagents ekudzivisa Mhangura Leaching muMhangura-Iine Goridhe Ore Cyanidation

ziviso

Cyanidation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inoshanda yekubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo ane goridhe, kunyanya kana iri matombo egoridhe ane mhangura. Yakavakirwa pakukwanisa kwecyanide ion kugadzira complexes dzakagadzikana negoridhe, zvichibvumira kunyungudika kwegoridhe kubva mumatombo ane goridhe. Maitiro makuru emakemikari mukuita kwecyanidation kwegoridhe ndeye 4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O=4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. Maitiro aya ave ari musimboti weindasitiri yekuchera goridhe kweanopfuura zana remakore nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanyanya uye tekinoroji inonzwisiswa zvakanaka.

Zvisinei, kana tichishanda nematombo egoridhe ane mhangura, kuvapo kwemaminerari emhangura kunounza matambudziko makuru. Maminerari emhangura akajairika ane chekuita negoridhe, akadai sechalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), chalcocite (Cu_2S), malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), uye azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), anoshanda zvakanyanya mumhinduro dzecyanide. Semuenzaniso, mune cyanide - ine medium, chalcocite inogona kuita seinotevera: Cu_2S + 4NaCN=2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2S. Maitiro aya anotungamira kukushandiswa kwecyanide yakawanda. Kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwecyanide hakungowedzeri mutengo wekugadzira chete asiwo kune zvakunokanganisa nharaunda nekuda kwehupfu hwecyanide.

Uyezve, kunyungudika kwemhangura kunogona kukanganisa maitiro anotevera ekudzoserwa kwegoridhe . Huwandu hwakawanda hwemhangura mu cyanide solution hunogona kuderedza kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwegold-cyanide complex, nokudaro zvichideredza mwero wekubuda kwegoridhe . Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mhangura inokwikwidzana negoridhe kuti iwane maion e cyanide uye oxygen mumhinduro, zvichikanganisa kuenzana kwemakemikari kunodiwa kuti gold goridhe inyungudike zvakanaka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvapo kwemhangura kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko mumabasa epasi akadai se zinc-cementation kana carbon-in-pulp (CIP) kuti gold idzoke, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekudzoserwa kwegoridhe uye hunhu husina kunaka hwechigadzirwa.

Saka, kuwana ma reagent anoshanda ekudzivirira kubuda kwemhangura panguva yekusvibiswa kwemhangura ine goridhe kwakakosha zvikuru. Ma reagent akadaro anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa maitiro ekushandiswa kwe cyanidation, kuderedza kushandiswa kwe cyanide , uye kuvandudza kushanda kwese kwekutorwa kwegoridhe, zvichiita kuti basa rekuchera goridhe rive rakachengeteka uye risingakuvadzi nharaunda. Muzvikamu zvinotevera, tichaongorora ma reagent akasiyana-siyana akadzidzwa uye akashandiswa pachinangwa ichi.

Iwo Leaching Hunhu hweMhangura muCyanide Solutions

Mune cyanide mhinduro, zvicherwa zvemhangura zvine chekuita negoridhe zvinoratidzira akasiyana leaching maitiro. Zvakajairwa zvekutanga zvicherwa zvemhangura zvakaita sechalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) uye chalcocite (Cu_2S), pamwe nemalachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), cuprite (Cu_2O), uye yemuno soluble.

Aya maminera emhangura anogona kuvharwa patembiricha yekamuri (25 ^{\ circ}C). Kudonha kwemhangura kunosiyana zvakanyanya, kubva pa5 - 10% kusvika pamusoro pe90%. Semuenzaniso, malachite uye azurite, ayo ari mhangura - carbonate zvicherwa, anoshanda chaizvo mune cyanide mhinduro. Kemikari inoitwa malachite ine cyanide inogona kuratidzwa seCu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pasi pechiito che cyanide, mhangura mu malachite inogona kunyatsoparara.

Kana uchibata ne copper gold concentrates ine mhangura yakawanda, leaching process panguva ye cyanidation ine zvimwe zviratidzo "zvekiriniki". Kunwa cyanide kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Kazhinji, kune akasiyana mamineral emhangura, kunyungudika kwe 1 gram yemhangura kunoda kudyiwa kwe 2.3 - 3.4 grams yeSodium cyanide . Panguva imwe chete, kunyungudika kwemhangura kunodyawo oxygen iri mumushonga. Semuenzaniso, mu leaching process ye chalcocite, reaction 2Cu_2S+8NaCN + O_2+2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2]+2Na_2S + 4NaOH inoitika, iyo isingangodyi cyanide yakawanda chete asiwo oxygen yakawanda.

Uyezve, iyo leaching mhedzisiro inova yakashata. Yakakwira mhangura mumhinduro yecyanide inogona kuderedza kushanda kwegoridhe - cyanide yakaoma kuumbwa. Mhangura inokwikwidza negoridhe kune cyanide ions uye oksijeni mumhinduro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuenzana kwemakemikari kunodiwa pakuparara kwegoridhe kunoshanda kunokanganiswa. Izvi zvinotungamira kudzikira kweyero yegoridhe yeleaching uye zvinogona zvakare kukonzera matambudziko mune inotevera goridhe - kudzoreredza maitiro senge zinc - simende kana kabhoni - in - pulp (CIP), zvichizoguma nekudzikira kwegoridhe - kudzoreredza mitengo uye kuderedzwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa.

Zvakajairwa Reagents zvekurambidza Copper Leaching

Lead Salts

Lead salts inowanzoshandiswa semareagents kuvharidzira copper leaching mucyanidation yemhangura - inobereka goridhe ores. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa lead salts inosanganisira lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2), lead acetate (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), uye lead oxide (PbO).

Semuenzaniso, fungidzira nezve lead acetate. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera lead acetate usati wabvisa cyanide kunogona kudzivirira kuburitsa mhangura, kuwedzera kuburitsa goridhe nesirivha, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide . Kune imwe gold concentrate ine copper content ye4.92%, kana 150 g/t ye lead acetate yawedzerwa zvakananga isati yabviswa, pasi pechimiro chekukuya kwe -0.037 mm particle size inokwana 95%, nguva yekuburitsa ye48 h, sodium cyanide concentration ye0.5%, pH ye12, uye pulp concentration ye40%, gold grade mu leaching residue inogona kuderedzwa kusvika 1.20 g/t, gold leaching rate inosvika 97.55%, silver recovery rate i60.28%, uye sodium cyanide consumption i14.37 kg/t. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakajeka mhedzisiro yakanaka ye lead acetate mukuita uku.

Iyo inhibitory mechanism yemunyu wekutungamirira inogona kunge yakabatana nekuumbwa kwemakemikari asingasviki. Semuenzaniso, lead inogona kuita nesarufa - ine zvinhu zviri muore kuti iumbe insoluble lead sulfide. Kuita uku kunoderedza huwandu hwesarufa - ine zvinhu zvinogona kuita nemaminerari emhangura, nokudaro zvichitadzisa kuparara kwemaminerari emhangura. Uye zvakare, muto wemunyu unogona kukanganisawo zvimiro zvemhangura zvicherwa, zvichideredza kuita kwavo mumhinduro yecyanide.

Chelating Agents (semuenzaniso, Citric Acid)

Chelating agents, senge citric acid, inogonawo kuita basa mukudzivisa mhangura leaching panguva yecyanidation. Iyo chelating - type leaching - aid vamiririri senge citric acid inoshanda kuburikidza neyakasiyana michina. Citric acid ine carboxyl ne hydroxyl groups, inogona kuchelate ine maion anokuvadza akaita seCu^{2 +}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, uye Fe^{3+} mu pulp kuti igadzire chelates yakagadzikana.

Semuyenzaniso, boka recarboxyl mu citric acid rinokwanisa kurongeka nemaoni esimbi kuburikidza neatomu ega ega maerekitironi eokisijeni, achigadzira mhete - sechimiro. Nekuchenura aya maion esimbi, citric acid inogona kubvisa kukanganisa kwavo paiyo cyanidation leaching process, sekudzikisa mashandisiro avo eokisijeni mumhinduro. Uyezve, citric acid inogona kutadzisa kuparara kwemaminerari e gangue senge calcium - uye magnesium - ine zvicherwa. Inogona kupindirana nepamusoro pezvicherwa izvi zve gangue, kushandura nzvimbo yavo yepamusoro uye hydrophilic - hydrophobic properties, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kunyunguduka mu cyanide solution. Uku kudziviswa kwemaminerari e gangue kunogona zvakare kuvandudza iyo "inoshanda inoshanda okisijeni" mu pulp. Kana zvicherwa zve gangue zvisinganyanyi kunyungudika, zvinoshandisa mweya weokisijeni shoma, uye okisijeni yakawanda inowanika pakuita cyanidation yegoridhe, iyo inobatsira pakudonha kwegoridhe. Kazhinji, kuwedzera kwe citric acid kunogona kubatsira kugadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yemakemikari ye cyanidation yegoridhe, kuderedza kupindira kweimwe simbi ions uye kuvandudza kushanda kwegoridhe kutorwa.

Vamwe (Sumo pfupi)

Pamusoro peiyo pamusoro - yakataurwa reagents, kudzora kuwanda kweiyo cyanide ion kunogona zvakare kuve nzira inoshanda yekuderedza kupera kwemhangura. Kana kusanganiswa kweiyo cyanide ion kuchidzorwa zvakanaka mukati meimwe nhanho, chiyero chekuita kwemaminerari emhangura ine cyanide inogona kuderedzwa. Semuyenzaniso, kune mamwe ores egoridhe ane yakakwira zviri nyore - inonyungudika mhangura zvicherwa, nekuchengetedza iyo yemahara CN ^ - ions padanho rakaderera (senge 0.05% - 0.10%), kunyungudika kwemaminerari emhangura kunogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, ukuwo kunyungudika kwemaminerari egoridhe kuchiri kuita kunyungudika kwegoridhe. zvicherwa.

Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa ammonia - cyanide system. Mune ammonia - cyanide system, ammonia inogona kuumba macomplexes ane mhangura ions, iyo inogona kuvharidzira leaching yemhangura kune imwe nhanho. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekunyanya kusimba kweammonia, zvakaoma kuchengetedza yakagadzikana yekumisikidza muindasitiri yekugadzira maindasitiri, iyo inoganhura yayo yakakura - chiyero kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Kunyangwe iyi nzira ine mukana wekudzikisa copper leaching, zvimhingamipinyi mukushanda zvinoshanda uye mutengo - kushanda zvakanaka kunoda kutariswa zvakare.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Mhedzisiro yeReagents

Kushanda kwemareagents anoshandiswa kuvharidzira kudonha kwemhangura panguva yecyanidation yemhangura - inotakura goridhe ores inopesvedzerwa nezvakati wandei zvinhu, izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuitira kugadzirisa cyanidation maitiro.

Ore Properties

1. Mhando yeCopper Minerals

1. Yakasiyana maminerari emhangura ane akasiyana reactivities mune cyanide mhinduro. Semuyenzaniso, mhangura - carbonate zvicherwa zvakaita se malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) uye azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2) zviri kuita reactive zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maprimary sulfide copper minerals like chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). Malachite inokasika kuita necyanide zvinoenderana nezvinoitwa Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Uku kuita kwepamusoro-soro kunoreva kuti kana uchishandisa ma reagents kuvharidzira copper leaching, dosi yepamusoro inogona kudiwa kune ores akapfuma mune akadaro anoshanda mamineral emhangura.

2. Kusiyana neizvi, chalcopyrite ine chimiro chakaoma uye inoda simba rakawanda uye mamiriro ekuita chaiwo kuti anyunguduke mucyanide mhinduro. Nekudaro, mune mamwe mamiriro, inogona kuramba ichibatsira kune yakakosha cyanide kushandiswa. Kunzwisisa iyo inotonga mhangura - mineral type mune ore ndiyo nhanho yekutanga pakuona iyo yakakodzera reagent uye dosage yayo.

2. Zviri mukati meCopper Minerals

1. Iyo yakakwirira yemhangura - mineral yemukati mune ore, iyo yakakura mukana wemhangura leaching uye inowirirana kushandiswa kwecyanide. Semuyenzaniso, mune goridhe-ine simbi ine mhangura ye5%, huwandu hwecyanide inopedzwa nemhangura - leaching reactions ichave yakakwira zvakanyanya pane simbi ine mhangura ye1%. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo reagent inodiwa kuvharidzira copper leaching inofanira kurongeka zvakaenzana. Iyo yakakwira - yemhangura - yemukati ore ingangoda huwandu hukuru hwemunyu we lead kana chelating agents kuti zvinyatso kudzvanya kunyungudika kwemhangura. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kune yega yega 1% inowedzera mune zviri nyore - soluble mhangura yemukati mune ore, kudyiwa kwe lead - munyu - based inhibitor kungangoda kuwedzerwa ne10 - 20 g / t kuchengetedza mwero wakafanana wemhangura - leaching inhibition.

Process Conditions

1. Cyanide Concentration

1. Iko kusungirirwa kwe cyanide mumushonga kunotamba maviri - basa mumhangura leaching uye kushanda kweinhibitors. Kana iyo cyanide yakadzikira, chiyero chemhangura - leaching reactions inoderedzwa. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo yakasununguka - cyanide concentration (CN ^ -) ichichengetwa pa 0.05% - 0.10%, chiyero chekuparara kwemaminerari emhangura chinogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kana iyo cyanide yakadzikira, mwero wekudonha wegoridhe unogonawo kukanganiswa.

2. Paunenge uchishandisa reagents senge lead salt, iyo yakakwana cyanide yekumisikidza yekushanda kwavo inogona kusiyana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, yakakwira zvishoma cyanide concentration (yakatenderedza 0.15% - 0.20%) inogona kudikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti lead - munyu inhibitor inogona kuumba zvisinganyungudika nesarufa - ine zvinhu zviri mu ore, zvinobudirira inhibiting copper leaching. Asi kana iyo cyanide concentration yakanyanyisa, inogona kukurudzira kuparara kwemaminerari emhangura kunyangwe kuvepo kwemainhibitors.

2. pH Kukosha

1. Iyo pH ye cyanide mhinduro yakakosha kune zvese zviri zviviri copper leaching uye chiito cheinhibitors. Muzhinji, iyo cyanidation process inoitwa mune alkaline medium, kazhinji ine pH iri pakati pe10 - 11. Paiyi pH range, kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide ion kunochengetwa, uye hydrolysis ye cyanide inoderedzwa.

2. Kune chelating agents se citric acid, iyo pH yemhinduro inokanganisa kugona kwavo chelating. Citric asidhi ine carboxyl uye hydroxyl mapoka ayo chelate nesimbi ions. Mune alkaline svikiro, kuparadzaniswa kweaya mapoka anoshanda kunosimudzirwa, kuwedzera kugona kwavo chelating nemaoni emhangura. Nekudaro, kana iyo pH yakakwira zvakanyanya (pamusoro pe12), inogona kukonzera mativi - maitiro anogona kuderedza kushanda kweiyo chelating agent. Semuenzaniso, mune yakanyanya alkaline mhinduro, imwe simbi - chelate complexes inogona kuputsika, ichisunungura chelated copper ions zvakare mumhinduro.

3. Leaching Time

1. Iyo leaching nguva inogona kukanganisa dhigirii remhangura leaching uye kuita kwema inhibitors. Sezvo nguva yeleaching inowedzera, mhangura yakawanda inogona kunyungudika kana isina kudziviswa. Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi-nguva leaching muitiro (asingasviki maawa gumi nemaviri), uwandu mhangura leached zvingava zvishoma, uye inhibitor anogona nyore kudzora mhangura - leaching mwero. Asi kana nguva yekudonha yakawedzerwa kusvika kumaawa makumi mana nemasere kana kupfuura, iyo cumulative mhedzisiro yemhangura - leaching reactions inogona kuwedzera kukosha.

2. Panyaya yelead - salt inhibitors, nguva yakareba yeleaching ingada yakakwira dosage yekutanga ye inhibitor. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nekufamba kwenguva, iyo inotungamira - ine insoluble makomisheni inoumbwa inogona kupedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kushanda kwayo kunogona kudzikira nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwehupo hwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa mumushonga wecyanide. Saka, iyo nguva yekuregedza inoda kunyatsotariswa pakusarudza huwandu uye rudzi rweiyo reagent yekushandisa kune mhangura - leaching inhibition.

Zvidzidzo Zvenyaya uye Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda

Case 1: Kushandiswa kweLead Salts mumugodhi weGoridhe muSouth Africa

Mumwe mugodhi wegoridhe muSouth Africa waigadzira chicherwa chegoridhe chine mhangura chine mhangura inenge 3%. Usati washandisa lead salt se inhibitor, iyo cyanidation process yakatarisana nematambudziko akati wandei. Kushandiswa kwecyanide kwainge kwakakwira zvakanyanya, kunosvika 15 kg/t ye ore, uye goridhe reLeaching rate yaingosvika 80%. Iyo yakakwira mhangura yemukati muore yakakonzera kunyungudika kwakakosha kwemhangura panguva yecyanidation, iyo isina kungopedza yakawanda yecyanide asi yakakanganisawo goridhe - leaching process.

Mushure mekuwedzera lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2) pachiyero che 200 g/t ye ore, shanduko dzinoshamisa dzakaonekwa. Kushandiswa kwecyanide kwakaderedzwa kusvika 8 kg / t ye ore, kuderera kweanenge 47%. The gold leaching rate yakawedzera kusvika 90%. Kubatsira kwehupfumi kwaive kwakakosha. Tichitarisa mutengo wecyanide uye kukosha kwerimwe goridhe rakawanikwa, mugodhi uyu wakachengetedza mari inosvika madhora makumi mashanu patani imwe chete yematombo aigadzirwa. Kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo yakaderedzwa cyanide kushandiswa kwaireva kushomeka kwenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza ine chekuita nekudonha kwecyanide uye kuraswa. Huwandu hwe cyanide - ine tsvina yakaderedzwa zvakare, iyo yaibatsira kune ecological nharaunda.

Nyaya yechipiri: Chelating Agent (Citric Acid) Kushandisa mugodhi regoridhe muAustralia

Mumugodhi wegoridhe wekuAustralia, ore yacho yaive nehuwandu hwemaminerari emhangura, kunyanya chalcopyrite uye imwe mhangura - carbonate minerals. Chekutanga cyanidation process pasina kushandisa chelating agent yaive negoridhe leaching rate ye75% uye copper leaching rate ye30%. Iyo yakakwira copper leaching rate yakakonzera kudyiwa kwakanyanya kwecyanide, inenge 12 kg/t ye ore.

Apo citric acid yakawedzerwa kune cyanidation process pachiyero che 1 kg / t ye ore, mamiriro acho akavandudzika. Mwero wecopper leaching wakadzikiswa kusvika pa10%, uye goridhe leaching yakawedzera kusvika pa85%. Kushandiswa kwecyanide kwakadzikira kusvika 6 kg/t ye ore. Nezvehupfumi, mutengo we citric acid wekuwedzera waive wakaderera zvichienzaniswa nekuchengetedza mukushandiswa kwecyanide uye kuwedzera kudzoreredza goridhe. Mugodhi uyu unofungidzira kuti unogona kuwedzera purofiti yawanowana pagore nemadhora mazana matatu ezviuru. Nezvakatipoteredza, kuderedzwa kwemhangura kwaireva mhangura shoma - ine tsvina yemvura, iyo yakanga iri nyore kurapa uye yakanga ine simba shoma pamvura yakapoteredza.

Nyaya yechitatu: Kushandiswa kweNew Inhibitor (MZY) muChinese Gold Mine

Mumwe mugodhi wegoridhe kuChina waigadzira chicherwa chemhangura chinodzikisira chine goridhe. Iyo yechinyakare cyanidation process yaive negoridhe leaching ye70% chete uye yakakwirira copper leaching rate, izvo zvakakonzera kuwanda kwekudyiwa kwecyanide. Mushure mekuwedzera imwe inhibitor yeMZY pane imwe dosi, pamwe chete nemamiriro ekugadzirisa maitiro anosanganisira kuwedzera kwe18 kg / t yeraimu uye 1.2 kg / t yesodium cyanide, goridhe reLeaching rakasvika 83% - 84%, uye copper leaching rate yakaderedzwa kusvika 4% - 5%.

Iyi nzira nyowani haina kungovandudza goridhe - leaching kunyatsoshanda asiwo zvakanyanya kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide. Mabhenefiti ehupfumi aive maviri - kupeta: iyo yakawedzera goridhe kudzoreredza kwakawedzera kukosha kune kugadzirwa, uye yakaderedzwa cyanide kushandiswa kwakachengetedza mutengo. Panyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo yakaderera cyanide inoshandiswa uye shoma mhangura - ine tsvina yakaderedza mutoro wezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti basa remigodhi rive rakagadzikana. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza zvakajeka kukosha kwekushandisa mareagents kuvharidzira copper leaching mu cyanidation yemhangura inotakura ores yegoridhe, zvese maererano nehupfumi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

mhedziso

Muiyo cyanidation process yemhangura - inotakura goridhe ores, iyo leaching yemhangura haingo tungamira mukushandiswa kwakanyanya kwecyanide asi zvakare ine kukanganisa kwakaipa pachiyero cheleaching yegoridhe uye inotevera goridhe - maitiro ekudzoreredza. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwemareagents kuvharidzira mhangura leaching kune kukosha kukuru.

Lead salt, senge lead nitrate, lead acetate, uye lead oxide, inogona kuvharidzira kubuda kwemhangura nekugadzira zvisinganyunguriki nesarufa - ine zvinhu zviri mumatombo kana kushandura maminerari emhangura. Chelating agents se citric acid inogona chelate necopper ions uye mamwe maion anokuvadza esimbi, kuderedza maitiro avo akaipa pakuita cyanidation. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzora kusungwa kwecyanide uye kushandisa iyo ammonia - cyanide system inogona zvakare kuita basa mukuderedza kunyungudika kwemhangura kune imwe nhanho.

Kubudirira kwemareagents aya kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ore zvivakwa, zvinosanganisira mhando uye zvirimo zvemhangura zvicherwa, zvinotarisa kudzokororwa kwemhangura mune ore uye nekudaro kukanganisa huwandu hwe reagent inodiwa. Mamiriro ekuita senge cyanide concentration, pH kukosha, uye leaching nguva inewo yakakosha pakuita kwemareagents. Semuyenzaniso, yakafanira cyanide kusungirirwa uye pH kukosha kunogona kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide mhinduro uye kushanda kweiyo reagent, nepo leaching nguva inogona kukanganisa kuwedzera kwemhangura - leaching maitiro.

Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvenyaya, takaona kukosha kwekushandisa kweaya mareagents. MuSouth Africa, kushandiswa kwelead nitrate mumugodhi wegoridhe kwakaderedza kudyiwa kwecyanide uye kwakawedzera mwero wekubuda kwegoridhe, zvichiunza pundutso huru mune zveupfumi uye zvakanakira zvakatipoteredza. MuAustralia, kuwedzera kwe citric acid mumugodhi wegoridhe zvakanyatso dzikisa copper leaching uye cyanide kushandiswa uku ichiwedzera goridhe leaching rate, iyo yaibatsira kune zvese zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza. Mumugodhi wegoridhe weChinese, kushandiswa kweMZY inhibitor itsva, pamwe chete nemamiriro ezvinhu akagadziridzwa, kwakavandudza goridhe - leaching kunyatsoshanda uye kuderedza mhangura - leaching rate, kubudirira mune zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza.

Muzhinji, kana uchibata necyanidation yemhangura - inotakura goridhe ores, zvinodikanwa kunyatso funga nezve maitiro eiyo ore uye zvinodiwa zvemaitiro, uye sarudza iyo yakakodzera reagent uye mamiriro ekushanda. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inogona kutarisisa kuenderera mberi nekuongorora anoshanda uye ane hushamwari reagents, pamwe nekugadzirisa musanganiswa wemareagents uye maparamendi ekuita kuti awane zvinobudirira, zvehupfumi, uye zvakatipoteredza goridhe - kudhirowa maitiro.