International Trade Regulations yeSodium Cyanide: Kunzwisisa Zvinodiwa Zvekuteerera Munyika Dzakasiyana

ziviso

Sodium cyanide, kemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yemaindasitiri senge migodhi yegoridhe, electroplating, uye organic synthesis. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekutyisidzira kwayo kwakanyanya kuhutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza, nyika dzepasirese dzakaisa yakasimba uye yakadzama mirau pamusoro pe International Trade of Sodium Cyanide. Kunzwisisa mitemo iyi haisi iyo chete kiyi yekuona kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekutengeserana asiwo chinodiwa chisingadzivisiki chekuchengetedza chengetedzo yepasi rose uye kugara kwevanhu.

Hunhu hweSodium Cyanide uye Kutarisisa Kwekutengesa Njodzi

Sodium cyanide ichena crystalline granule kana hupfu, inonyungudika zviri nyore mumvura, ine kunhuhwirira kunovava kwearumondi. Iine chepfu zvakanyanya. Kufemba, kupinza, kana kubata ganda nekashoma nevanhu kunogona kuuraya, uye zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kusingadzoreki kuvhu nemitumbi yemvura munzvimbo. Munguva yekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda, kana kurongedza kusina kunaka, chekufambisa chiri kunze kwemutemo, kana kuti chengetedzo yakashata, kana kudonha kwaitika, kunokonzeresa mhedzisiro yakaipa. Ichi zvakare chikonzero chakakosha nei nyika dzichikoshesa zvakanyanya kutariswa kwe sodium cyanide kushambadzira.

Zvinodiwa Zvekutevedzera Munyika Huru neNzvimbo

nyika dzakabatana

United States ine yakaoma uye yakasimba yekutonga system yekuunza kunze kwenyika Sodium cyanide. Vatengesi vanobva kunze kwenyika vanofanirwa kutanga vazivisa kutengwa kwemakemikari akakodzera kuUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye kutevedzera zvakatemwa neToxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), vachipa ruzivo rwakadzama rwechigadzirwa, kusanganisira maumbirwo, mashandisirwo, maitiro ekugadzira, nezvimwe. Kune akajeka zviyero zvekurongedza zvinhu, zvekumaka zvinyorwa, uye zvakakosha zvinodiwa kumotokari dzekufambisa. Panyaya yekuchengetera zvinhu, sodium cyanide inoda kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa dzakanangana nemamiriro ekuchengetedza uye inoongororwa nguva nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanirwawo kumisa hurongwa hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi hwekugadzirisa zvinobvinza, tsaona, uye mamwe mamiriro.

European Union

IEuropean Union inoomerera kune yakabatana uye yakakwirira-yakajairwa musimboti mumutemo wekutengesa we sodium cyanide. Zvinoenderana neEU yemakemikari manejimendi mirau (REACH), mabhizinesi anotumira sodium cyanide kuEU anofanirwa kupedzisa kunyoresa kumberi uye nekupa yakazara makemikari ekuchengetedza data bepa (SDS), inovhara muviri nemakemikari zvivakwa, toxicological data, kwezvakatipoteredza kukanganisa, uye rumwe ruzivo. Panyaya yekufambisa, tevera Chibvumirano cheEuropean chine chekuita neInternational Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Pane zvirambidzo zvakasimba pamotokari dzekufambisa, zvikwaniriso zvevatyairi, uye kuronga nzira dzekufambisa. Nyika dzeEU dzinewo maitiro akasimba emvumo yekuvaka nekushanda kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide, inoda matanho ekuchengetedza akawanda ekudzivirira kubuda uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva imwecheteyo, EU inokurudzira mabhizinesi kutora dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka kuderedza njodzi dzinounzwa nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.

China

Semugadziri mukuru uye mushandisi wesodium cyanide, China zvakare inoisa tarisiro yakasimba pamusoro pekutengeserana kwayo kwenyika dzese. Kupinza sodium cyanide kunoda kukumbira zvibvumirano kubva kumadhipatimendi akawanda akadai setsika nedhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, richipa ruzivo rwakadzama rwebhizinesi, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, matanho ekuchengetedza vimbiso, uye mamwe magwaro. Munguva yekufambisa, nyatso shandisa "Mitemo paSafety Management yeHazardous Chemicals." Mabhizinesi ezvekufambisa anofanirwa kunge aine zvitupa zvehunyanzvi, uye mota dzakashongedzerwa nemichina yekukurumidzira inorasa uye zviratidzo zvekunyevera. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinoda kusangana nemitemo yekugadzirwa kwedziviriro, kuita munhu-vaviri, kaviri-kukiya manejimendi system, uye kunyora nemazvo kupinda nekubuda kwesodium cyanide. Kune zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nenyika inopinza uye kutevedzera zvinoenderana neChinese mirairo yekudzora kunze kwenyika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerera kuri pamutemo uye kwakachengeteka kwesodium cyanide.

Dzimwe Nyika uye Matunhu

Japan inoshandisa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekupa marezinesi ekupinza sodium cyanide, ichida vanopinda kunze kwenyika kuti varatidze kuti vane chengetedzo, kushandisa, nekurasa kwakaringana, uye panguva imwecheteyo vachitevedzera maitiro ekuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza. Australia, kune rumwe rutivi, inodzora kutengeswa kwesodium cyanide maererano neIndustrial Chemicals (Import and Export) Act. Mukufambisa, kuchengetedza, uye zvimwe zvinhu, inosimbisa kuenderana nemaitiro epasirese akanakisa kuita kuchengetedza. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvivakwa uye masimba ekutonga, zvinodikanwa zvekutengesa kwesodium cyanide mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica zvakare zvinosiyana, asi kazhinji, kuedza kwekutonga kuri kusimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzora njodzi kubva kwainosuka.

Countermeasures uye Mazano

Kune mabhizinesi ari kuita kutengeserana kwepasi rose kwesodium cyanide, kutsvagisa kwakadzama pamitemo yemusika unotangwa ndiro basa rekutanga. Vanogona kuumba timu yehunyanzvi inodzora nyaya kana kuvimba nemasangano ekunze ekubvunza. Gadzira yakakwana yemhando yekutonga system kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvinongedzo kubva pakutenga, kugadzirwa kusvika pakutakura uye kutakura zvinoteerana nezvinodiwa zvemutemo. Simbisa kudzidziswa kwevashandi kuwedzera ruzivo rwekuchengetedza uye hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kuderedza njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwevanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, shingairira kuongorora uye kutora tekinoroji dzakachengeteka uye dzine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye dzimwe nzira, zvinoenderana nemaitiro epasi rose ekukura kwegirinhi, uye kuderedza kutsamira pamakemikari ane njodzi.

mhedziso

Mitemo yekutengeserana yepasi rose ye sodium cyanide yakasimba uye yakasiyana pasi rose. Nyika dzakagadzira zvakadzama kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvichienderana nemamiriro avo enyika uye nekuchengetedza kufunga. Chete nekunyatsonzwisisa uye kunyatsotevera iyi mirau ndiyo inogona kutengeserana mabhizinesi kuwana kusimudzira kwakasimba kweiyo sodium cyanide kutengeserana uku vachiona kuchengetedzeka uye pamwe chete kuchengetedza nharaunda yepasirese yezvakatipoteredza uye hupenyu hwevanhu uye hutano.