Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peKudzoreredza Nzira yeMhangura muCyanide Copper Plating Mvura Yakasviba

1. ziviso

Kumisikidza inoshamwaridzana nharaunda uye zviwanikwa-kuchengetedza electroplating modhi pari zvino ndiwo madingindira maviri makuru ekusimudzira budiriro yeindasitiri yemagetsi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushomeka kweasiri-ferrous simbi zviwanikwa munyika uye kuenderera kunowedzera mumutengo we electroplating simbi zvinhu, kutorwa kweiyo resource-saving electroplating tekinoroji yakwezva pfungwa dzakawanda. Chinese electroplating enterprises ane nhoroondo pfupi yebudiriro. Muchikamu chekutanga chebudiriro, pakanga paine kushomeka kwemari uye tekinoroji yekudzokera kumashure. Mazhinji mafekitori madiki e electroplating haazive nezvekudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi mu electroplating tsvina yemvura, ndoda kutsvagisa nzira dzekudzoreredza. For cyanide copper plating uye copper alloy electroplating wastewater, iyo precipitates inoumbwa ne divalent mhangura mushure mekupwanya kwecyanide zvidimbu zvakanaka, zvichikonzera kunaya kwakaoma uye kupatsanurwa uye kudhura kwakanyanya. Naizvozvo, zvinokasira kudzidza maitiro matsva ekudzoreredza.

2. Nzira Misimboti

2.1 Kurapa kweCyanide Copper Plating uye Copper Alloy Wastewater

Munzira yekupwanya cyanide yechinyakare uchishandisa sodium hypochlorite, pH yemvura yakasviba ine cyanide inofanira kugadziriswa kusvika pa11 - 12. Kazhinji nekuwedzera sodium hydroxide. Munguva yekupwanya cyanide, cyanide inoshandurwa kuita kabhoni dioxide nenitrogen, uye maion emhangura emonovalent anosanganiswa kuita maion emhangura edivalent, ayo anobva agadzira zvidimbu zvidiki zvekabhoni yemhangura yakasungirirwa mumvura yakasviba. Kugadzika kwechisikigo kunotora nguva inopfuura zuva rose uye hakugone kunaya mvura yakakwana. Huwandu hwakawanda hwekubatsira kwecoagulant uye flocculant hunodiwa kuti kunaya mvura yakakwana uye kupatsanurwa. Kare, apo mhangura yaisawanikwa, mvura yakasviba mushure mekuputsika kwecyanide yaisanganiswa mumvura yakasviba ine acid yakawanda, iyo yaigadziriswa nenzira ye lime. Basic copper carbonate yainyudzwa pamvura yakasviba iri mumvura yakasviba yakawanda uye pakupedzisira yainyudzwa uye yakaparadzaniswa.

Iyo itsva cyanide breaking process ndeyekuwedzera lime kugadzirisa pH. Iyo carbon dioxide inogadzirwa panguva yekutyoka cyanide inopindirana necalcium oxide kuumba calcium carbonate. Panguva imwecheteyo, basic copper carbonate co-precipitates ne calcium carbonate kuti iumbe hombe particle precipitates.

2.2 Kugadziriswa kweDzimwe Mvura ine Mhangura ine Mhangura

Iyo divalent mhangura ion mumvura ine acidic inopenya yemhangura inoputira tsvina inoita neraimu kuita copper hydroxide, uye sulfuric acid inopindirana neraimu kuumba calcium sulfate nemvura. Mumhangura pyrophosphate plating tsvina, iyo pyrophosphate radical uye mhangura ions iripo muchimiro chakaoma. Kana ikarapwa neraimu, iyo pyrophosphate radical inopindirana necalcium oxide kuita calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, uye maion emhangura anoita necalcium oxide kuita copper hydroxide.

3. Kudzoreredza Maitiro

3.1 Kuumbwa kweMhangura-ine tsvina yemvura

Mvura ine mhangura ine mhangura inosanganisira akati wandei akadai secyanide copper plating, copper-zinc alloy, copper-tin alloy, acidic inopenya mhangura yekuisa, uye copper pyrophosphate plating tsvina. Cyanide copper plating, mhangura-zinc alloy, uye mhangura-tin alloy tsvina inoyerera ichipinda mu cyanide-ine ine tsvina yekugadzirisa tangi, nepo acidic inopenya yemhangura plating uye mhangura pyrophosphate plating tsvina inoyerera ichipinda mumhangura-ine tsvina yekugadziridza tangi. Cyanide copper plating uye copper alloy wastewaters ine zvinhu zvinoomesa zvinhu zvakadai Sodium cyanide, potassium sodium tartrate, uye ammonium thiocyanate, iyo inoumba ma complexes ane copper ions. Mhangura pyrophosphate plating tsvina ine mhangura pyrophosphate complexes. Cyanide copper plating uye copper alloy wastewaters inosvika 90% yemvura yetsvina ine mhangura yose, ukuwo acidic inopenya yemhangura yemhangura uye copper pyrophosphate plating tsvina inosvika 10%.

3.2 Oxidation Maitiro eCopper Complexes

Pamberi pekupora kwemhangura, zvinodikanwa kupaza makomba emhangura mumvura yetsvina ye electroplating uye oxidize Cu⁺ ions muCu²⁺ ions. Imwe nzira yakasanganiswa yesodium hypochlorite solution uye hydrogen peroxide inoshandiswa kutyora cyanide uye zvinhu zvinoomesa zvinhu zvakadai se potassium sodium tartrate. Kune matatu matangi anopwanya cyanide. Mvura ine tsvina ine cyanide uye tsvina ine mhangura inopombwa mutangi rekutanga rinopwanya cyanide. Mukaka weLime unowedzerwa kugadzirisa pH kusvika 11 - 12. uye kuwedzera kwemukaka wemukaka kunogadziriswa nepH control system. Panguva imwecheteyo, sodium hypochlorite solution inowedzerwa kuputsa cyanide. Hydrogen peroxide inowedzerwa kune yechipiri-danho recyanide-breaking tank kuti ienderere mberi nekupwanya cyanide uye oxidizing complexing agents senge potassium sodium tartrate. Nekuda kwekunonoka kuita mwero, chechitatu-nhanho cyanide-breaking tank inowedzerwa. Muchikamu chechitatu che cyanide-breaking tank, kubviswa kwecyanide uye yakaoma majenti akadai se potassium sodium tartrate inotariswa maererano nemakemikari ekuongorora data uye ruzivo. Nekupedzwa kweiyo oxidation reaction, iyo Cu⁺ mumvura yetsvina inoshandurwa zvachose kuita Cu²⁺, uye basic copper carbonate uye copper hydroxide precipitates inogadzirwa. Munguva iyi, mushure memhangura pyrophosphate plating mvura yakasvibiswa inopindirana neraimu, iyo yakaoma inoumbwa nemhangura uye pyrophosphate radical inoputsika, uye copper hydroxide inoumbwa. Iyo data yekuongorora inoratidza kuti maitiro aya anogona kuita kuti mvura yetsvina isangane nezviyero zvekuburitsa. Kuwedzera lime kuti igadzirise pH uye inonamira mhangura ions inoderedza mutengo wekurapa, uye lime inotambawo basa rekubatsira coagulant uye inokonzeresa pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Kudzoreredza Mhangura

Mukuita kuri pamusoro apa, maion emhangura mumvura yetsvina ye electroplating inoshandurwa kuita mahwanda emhangura carbonate precipitates. Kana huwandu hwe lime yakawedzerwa yakakura, iyo copper ions inogona zvakare kushandurwa kuita copper hydroxide precipitates. Sezvo raimu ichidikanwa kupinza pyrophosphate radical mumhangura pyrophosphate plating tsvina yemvura, huwandu hweraimu hwakawedzerwa haugone kuve hudiki. Mutengo weraimu wakaderera kwazvo, uye unogona kuwedzerwa mukuwedzeredza kwakakodzera panguva yekurapa.

Mushure mekunge cyanide-ine uye mhangura-ine tsvina yemvura inogadziriswa mumatanho matatu e-cyanide-breaking tanks, inoyerera ichipinda mu flocculation tank. Sodium pyrosulfite inowedzerwa kune flocculation tangi kuderedza yakawandisa hydrogen peroxide, uye polyacrylamide flocculant inowedzerwa kuita kuti mvura inonaya iwedzere kukura. Kana sodium pyrosulfite isingawedzerwi kune flocculation tank, iyo yakasara yehydrogen peroxide mushure mekuputika kwecyanide inoora kuti ibudise oxygen, iyo inoshambadzirwa pamusoro pemvura inonaya uye inoita kuti mvura iende. Nhamba ye sodium pyrosulfite yakawedzerwa inofanira kuva yakadaro zvokuti mvura inonaya haizununguki, uye kuwandisa kwakakodzera kunogamuchirwa.

Mushure mekupfuura nepakati pe flocculation tank, mvura yetsvina inoyerera ichipinda mune inclined chubhu sedimentation tank. Mushure mekunge mvura yapatsanurwa kubva mumvura, inopinda musedimentation thickening tank, yobva yaseferwa nesefa. Iyo keke yekusefa inodzoserwa, uye iyo filtrate inoyerera ichidzokera kugadziriso tangi. Iyo yakadzoserwa keke yemhangura-ine sefa inotengwa nekambani yehunyanzvi uye inotumirwa kune nyanzvi inogadzira kuti igadzire copper sulfate kana zvakare inogona kushandiswa kugadzira electrolytic copper.

4. Kubatsirwa

Mhangura-ine tsvina yemvura inogadzirwa mune ina electroplating workshops. Iyo yekuongorora uye yekutarisa data inoratidza kuti avhareji misa yemhangura mu Cyanide mhangura plating tsvina yemvura iri 345mg/L, kureva kuti, toni yega yega yetsvina ine 0.345kg yemhangura. Huwandu hwese hwecyanide copper plating tsvina yemvura pamwedzi ingangoita 4600t, ine 1587kg yemhangura. Pamwe chete nemhangura mune dzimwe tsvina dzine mhangura, ingangoita 1700kg yemhangura inogona kuwanikwa pamwedzi. Mari inowanikwa pamwedzi nekambani kubva pakutengesa dhaka rine mhangura iRMB 30.000 - 40.000. Iyo kambani kudzoreredza mhangura kubva kune electroplating tsvina yemvura inodzivirira kushandiswa kusingashande kwesimbi yendarira, kwete chete kuderedza mutengo we electroplating asiwo kuderedza kusvibiswa kwechipiri kwe electroplating sludge kune zvakatipoteredza, kuwana zvakanaka zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro.

5. Mhedziso

Indasitiri ye electroplating iindasitiri inosvibisa zvakanyanya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo apo maitiro ekurapa uye matekinoroji emvura yetsvina yemagetsi muChina akadzokera kumashure, kushingaira kudzidza nzira dzekudzoreredza simbi dzisina-ferrous mu electroplating tsvina yemvura kwakakosha zvikuru kumisikidza nzira inochengetedza zviwanikwa uye ine hushamwari hwemagetsi uye kuchengetedza kusimukira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemagetsi. Nzira yekurapa cyanide copper plating uye dzimwe tsvina ine mhangura ine mhangura kuti iwanezve mhangura uchishandisa lime yakadzidzwa mupepa rino yakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka mukushandisa inoshanda, ichipa nzira inogoneka yekukura kwegirinhi yeindasitiri ye electroplating.