Mazuvano Kugadzira Matanho eSodium Cyanide

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yakakosha kemikari musanganiswa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, senge migodhi yegoridhe, electroplating, uye makemikari synthesis. The Maitiro ekugadzira of Sodium cyanide zvave zvichiramba zvichishanduka kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza mitengo, uye kuwedzera hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza. Ichi chinyorwa chichasuma akati wandei ezvinozvino kugadzira maitiro e Sodium Cyanide.

2. Ammonia - Sodium Method

2.1 Nzira Yekuita

Munzira yeammonia - sodium, metallic sodium uye petroleum coke inotanga kuwedzerwa kune reactor mune imwe chikamu. Tembiricha inobva yasimudzwa kusvika 650 °C, uye ammonia gasi rinounzwa. Sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera kuwedzera kusvika 800 ° C, kuita kunoitika mukati memaawa manomwe, panguva iyo simbi sodium inoshandurwa zvachose kuita. sodium cyanide. Mushure meizvozvo, mareactants anosefa patembiricha ye650 ° C kuti abvise yakawandisa petroleum coke. Chigadzirwa chakanyungudutswa chinozoburitswa chokandwa muchimiro chaunoda kuti uwane zvigadzirwa zve sodium cyanide.

2.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Iyi nzira ine yakapusa kuita musimboti, uye mbishi zvinhu sodium neammonia zvakajairika muindasitiri yemakemikari.

• payakaipira: Mamiriro ekuita tembiricha akakwira anoda huwandu hukuru hwekushandisa simba. Zvakare, kushandiswa kwesimbi yesodium kunoisa dzimwe njodzi dzekuchengetedza nekuda kwepamusoro reactivity.

3. Cyanide Melt Method

3.1 Nzira Yekuita

Cyanide melt uye lead oxide inowedzerwa kune tangi yekubvisa. Yakajairika reshiyo yecyanide melt to lead oxide ndeye (500 - 700):1. Kuwedzerwa kwe lead oxide kunobatsira mu desulfurization nekugadzira lead sulfide precipitate. Mvura yekubvisa inobva yatenderwa kugara, uye inobuda yakachena mvura ine 80 - 90 g/L yeNaCN. Mujenareta, mvura iyi inopindirana neyakaomeswa sulfuric acid kugadzira gasi rehydrogen cyanide. Mushure mekugwinya kubvisa mvura, gasi rehydrogen cyanide rinopinda mu reactor rinotora uye rinosangana nealkali yemvura (sodium hydroxide solution) kuumba sodium cyanide.

3.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Iyi nzira inogona kunyatsobvisa tsvina yesulfure kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwe lead oxide, iyo inobatsira pakuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

• payakaipira: Kushandiswa kwelead oxide kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza ane chokuita nemutobvu. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro acho anosanganisira akawanda matanho akadai sekubvisa, kuita, uye kunyura, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwekushanda.

4. Andrussow Process (Anshig Method)

4.1 Nzira Yekuita

Maitiro eAndrussow anoshandisa gasi rechisikigo, ammonia, uye mweya semidziyo. Chekutanga, gasi rechisikigo rinogezwa mumvura - shongwe yekugezesa kubvisa inorganic sulfur uye chikamu che organic sulfur. Mushure mekusefa, gasi remusikirwo rakanatswa rinofanira kunge riine sarufa ye ≤1 mg/m³ uye zviri mumahydrocarboni pamusoro peC₂ zvinofanirwa kunge zvisingasviki 2%. Liquid ammonia inofefeterwa mupfuti, uye mweya unosefa nesefa. Zvinhu zvitatu zvakasvibiswa zvinobva zvasanganiswa mumusanganisi pachiyero cheammonia: methane: mhepo = 1: (1.15 - 1.17): (6.70 - 6.80). Iyo gasi yakasanganiswa inopinda mune oxidation reactor ine platinamu - rhodium alloy sechinhu chinokonzeresa. Pane tembiricha ye1070 - 1120 °C, mhinduro inoitika kugadzira gasi rakasanganiswa rine 8.5% hydrogen cyanide.

Iyo gasi inotonhodzwa uye yobva yapinda mune ammonia - absorption tower, uko yakasara ammonia inotorwa ne sulfuric acid. Mushure meizvi, inotonhodzwa nemvura uye hydrogen cyanide inotorwa nemvura yakadzika - tembiricha. Iyo gasi yemuswe inoburitswa mushure mekugezwa nealkali - wash tower. Mushonga wehydrogen cyanide wakabatwa nemvura kupisa - kuchinjaniswa wobva wapinda mushongwe yedesorption. Pamusoro peiyo desorption tower, hydrogen cyanide ine kuchena kwe98% inowanikwa. Iyi hydrogen cyanide inobva yaita nealkali solution kuti igadzire sodium cyanide solution, iyo inozoitwazve kuburikidza ne evaporation, crystallization, drying, uye shaped kuti iwane yekupedzisira sodium cyanide product.

4.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Mumatunhu ane hupfumi hwegasi zviwanikwa, mutengo wezvigadzirwa wakaderera. Maitiro acho anga akakura mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, uye chiyero chekugadzira chinogona kunge chakakura.

• payakaipira: Munzvimbo dzisina gasi rechisikigo, rinokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekushomeka kwegasi rechisikigo, mitemo, uye mitengo, mutengo wekugadzira unogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya. Iyo yakakwira - tembiricha yekuita mamiriro inoda yakakwirira - tembiricha - inodzivirira midziyo uye inoshandisa huwandu hukuru hwesimba.

5. Flame Process

5.1 Nzira Yekuita

Gasi rechisikigo, okisijeni, uye ammonia zvinoshandiswa sezvigadzirwa. Aya magasi matatu anosefa akaparadzana kuti abvise tsvina obva apinda musanganisi mushure mekugadzikiswa nekuyereswa. Chikamu cheokisijeni chinoshandiswa seyo okisijeni huru kupinda musanganisi, uye chimwe chikamu chinodyiswa zvakananga mumuromo wekupisa. Zvinhu zvitatu zvakasanganiswa zvinosanganiswa mune imwe chikamu uye zvinosangana nemoto unopisa kugadzira hydrogen cyanide patembiricha ye1500 ° C.

Iyo reaction gasi inodzimwa nekupfapfaidza mvura uye yozotonhodzwa mune inotonhorera. Inobva yapinda muammonia - absorption tower, apo iyo yakasara ammonia mune gasi rekuita inotorwa ne15% - 20% sulfuric acid, uye ammonium sulfate inogona kudzorerwa. Iyo reaction gasi ine hydrogen cyanide inotonhodzwa nemvura yobva yatorwa nemvura yakadzika-tembiricha kuita 1.5% yehydrogen cyanide solution. Mushonga uyu wakanyungudutswa mushongwe yedistillation kuwana hydrogen cyanide ine 98% - 99%. Pakupedzisira, inobatwa nemhinduro yealkali, uye mushure mekuputika, crystallization, kuomesa, uye kuumbwa, chigadzirwa che sodium cyanide chinowanikwa.

5.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Iyi nzira inogona kuwana yakakwira - kuchena kwehydrogen cyanide kugadzirwa. Kudzoreredzwa kweammonium sulfate sechigadzirwa kunogona kuunza mamwe mabhenefiti ehupfumi.

• payakaipira: Iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha yekupisa reaction inoda huwandu hukuru hwekupinza simba. Maitiro acho anosanganisirawo mashandiro akaomarara sekusanganisa gasi, kupisa, kudzima, uye kunyura, izvo zvinoda yakakwirira-nhanho kudzora maitiro.

6. Light Oil Pyrolysis Method

6.1 Nzira Yekuita

Mafuta akareruka uye ammonia zvakasanganiswa muatomizer mune imwe chikamu uye pre-kupisa kusvika 280 ° C. Musanganiswa unobva wapinda muvira remagetsi arc kuitira pyrolysis reaction. Petroleum coke inoshandiswa semutakuri, uye nitrogen inoshandiswa segasi rinodzivirira kudzivirira oxidation munzvimbo yakavharwa. Patembiricha ye1450 °C, mhinduro inoitika kugadzira hydrogen cyanide gasi. Gasi rinobva rave guruva - rinobviswa, ratonhodzwa, uye rozogadziriswa kuburikidza nematanho akadai sekubvisa ammonia, kugeza mvura, kutorwa, uye distillation kuti uwane yakachena hydrogen cyanide. Pakupedzisira, hydrogen cyanide inopindirana nealkali solution (sodium hydroxide) kuumba sodium cyanide.

6.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Iyo tekinoroji tekinoroji yakakura. Inogona kushandisa mafuta akareruka, akajairika akajairika zvinhu muindasitiri yepetrochemical.

• payakaipira: Pane zvinonetsa mu desulfurization uye kusvibiswa kubviswa kwehydrogen cyanide. Chigadzirwa chacho chine simba guru rekushandisa, uye kurapwa kwe "marara matatu" (marara gasi, tsvina yemvura, uye tsvina yakasara) yakaoma. Mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira zvishoma.

7. Acrylonitrile By - Product Method

7.1 Nzira Yekuita

Mukugadzira acrylonitrile neammoxidation yepropylene, hydrogen cyanide gas inogadzirwa se-by-chigadzirwa (mari yacho yakaenzana ne4% - 10% yekugadzirwa kweacrylonitrile). Iyo gasi ine hydrogen cyanide inotorwa nealkali solution. Mushure mekuputika, kusungirirwa, kupatsanurwa, uye kuomeswa, iyo sodium cyanide chigadzirwa chinowanikwa.

7.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Iyi inzira yekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, inogona kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira kusvika pamwero wakati.

• payakaipira: Kugadzirwa kwe sodium cyanide kunogumira nechiyero chekugadzira cheacrylonitrile. Hunhu hweiyo by - chigadzirwa hydrogen cyanide inogona kukanganiswa neiyo huru yekugadzira nzira yeacrylonitrile, iyo inoda kudzora kwakasimba uye kucheneswa.

8. Methanol Ammoxidation Method

8.1 Nzira Yekuita

Mhepo inopfuura nepasefa uye nepre-heater yobva yapinda muvira rekuita. Liquid ammonia inoputiswa uye methanol inoputika. Vanopinda muvhenganiswa pre-heater vobva vaita nemhepo muchoto chekuita. Pasi pechiito checatalyst inonyanya kuumbwa neFe - Mo oxide, maitiro anoburitsa hydrogen cyanide. Iyo hydrogen cyanide gasi inopinda mu de -ammonia tower kubvisa ammonia uye yowana hydrogen cyanide. Pakupedzisira, inotorwa nealkali solution kugadzirira sodium cyanide.

8.2 Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

• Advantages: Kushandiswa kwemethanol uye ammonia sezvimisikidzwa kwakajairika, uye iyo catalyst inogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve kune imwe nhanho. Iyo nzira inogona kugadziriswa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

• payakaipira: Iyo catalyst inonzwa nezvemamiriro ekuita, uye shanduko diki mutembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye mbishi reshiyo inogona kukanganisa chiitiko uye kusarudzwa kweiyo catalyst, zvichikanganisa goho uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa.

9. Mhedziso

Nzira dzekugadzira sodium cyanide imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo. Sarudzo yemaitiro ekugadzira inoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana senge kuwanikwa kwezvinhu, mutengo, zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye chiyero chekugadzira. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji, maitiro matsva ekugadzira anogona kubuda mune ramangwana, achivavarira kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mashandiro uye kuita kwezvakatipoteredza kwekugadzirwa kwesodium cyanide. Sezvo kudiwa kwe sodium cyanide mumaindasitiri akasiyana kuri kuramba kuchikura, iko optimization uye kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira kuchaita basa rakakosha mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemusika uku uchiona budiriro yakadzikama.