Kusarudzwa kweMurwi Leaching Sites uye Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Kuvaka mirwi kunosanganisira kurongedza ores kana agglomerated ores pazasi liner Heap leaching nzvimbo maererano neyakagadzirirwa geometric dimensions. Murwi weore wakavakwa unofanirwa kuve wakanaka uye wakafanana kupenya, pamwe nekugadzikana kwechimiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti panguva yekugezesa, mucheri anogona kupinda zvakafanana pamuchinjikwa wose - chikamu chemurwi weore pamvura inodiwa - kugovera simba. Zvichakadaro, inodzivirira zviitiko zvakaita sekudonha pamicheto yemurwi weore kana washout dzenzvimbo. Naizvozvo, kutarisisa kukuru kunofanirwa kubhadharwa panguva yekushanda. Muchiito chekugadzira, kune imwe mhando yenzira yekugadzira mirwi. Chicherwa chinocherwa chinotakurwa chakananga pamurwi wechikuva chekucheka pasina kupwanywa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, leaching inoitika panzvimbo inoputika. Saizi yechidimbu cheore kazhinji inotangira pa100 kusvika 200 mm kana kutokura, zvichikonzera kutenderera kweleaching kunogona kupedza hafu yegore kana kutopfuura. Sezvo rudzi urwu rwekubvisa mirwi rwuri nyore, haruwanzodzidzwi sechimiro chemurwi wekucheka.

Kusarudzwa kweMurwi Leaching Sites uye Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Kusarudzwa kwe Heap leaching saiti ine chekuita nekudyara kwezvivakwa, kusanganisira kugadzirisa nzvimbo, migwagwa yekufambisa, uye marongero epombi. Iyo yepasi liner yemurwi inorovesa nzvimbo nekuiswa kwayo kwakakosha pakugadzira mirwi, kunyanya pamirwi mikuru. Nokudaro, hutano hwepasi pasi hunofanira kuvimbiswa.

1. Basic Zvinodiwa kuti Murwi Leaching Sites

Iyo saiti inofanirwa kunge iine simba rekubereka rakakwana kuti rimirire kumanikidza kwehuremu hweore uye zvekufambisa.

Inofanira kunge iine imwe topographic slope, iyo inobatsira kucheka nzvimbo uye kuyerera kweleachate.

Panofanira kuva nenzvimbo yakakwana yekuvaka mirwi uye nzira dzekufambisa. Kumigodhi ine mukana wekusimudzira, mikana yekuwedzera mune remangwana inofanirawo kutariswa.

2. Kusarudzwa uye Kuiswa kwePasi Liners kune Murwi Leaching Platform

2.1 Kusarudzwa kwePasi Liners kune Murwi Leaching Platform

Pazasi ma liner emurwi leaching mapuratifomu anogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri: zvechigarire uye zvenguva pfupi. Iyo yekutanga inoda nguva yakareba yekuvaka uye kudhura kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kumigodhi yepakati - kusvika - mikuru ine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvigaro zvepasi zvenguva pfupi zvinoshandiswa kamwe chete, zvinoda nguva pfupi yekuvaka, uye zvinodhura. Ivo vakakodzera kumigodhi ine hupenyu hwebasa isingasviki makore mashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, nharaunda yakapoteredza inoitawo basa. Kana nzvimbo yekuvaka mirwi yekurovesa nzvimbo ishoma, panogona kugadzirwa murwi usingaperi. Sezvineiwo, kana paine hombe - nzvimbo yakatsetseka padyo uye ore - chinhambwe chekufambisa chiri chipfupi, chikuva chenguva pfupi chemurwi chinogona kuvakwa.

2.2 Mazhinji Anowanzo Kushandiswa Pazasi Liner Zvishandiso

• Clay uye Bentonite: Kana paine ivhu rakawanda padhuze nemurwi wekucheka nzvimbo, kushandisa ivhu rezasi liner isarudzo yakakodzera. Iyi liner yepasi inogona kuumbwa muzvikamu zvitatu, imwe neimwe inosvika 150 mm gobvu. Iyo permeability coefficient yeiyi yepasi liner ndeye 1.0 × 10-7 cm / s, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo bentonite (kunyanya sodium - mhando) ine mvura yakasimba - kutora zvinhu uye inogona kuwedzera 10 - 30 nguva muhuwandu mushure mekutora mvura, kuwedzera mari yakakodzera (inenge 4%) ye bentonite kune ivhu inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupera kwevhu. Mhando iyi yepasi pasi iri nyore kuisa uye ine mutengo wakaderera. Hwaro hunofanirwa kuumbwa, uye kutsetseka kunofanirwa kuve kwakapfava kudzivirira kukukurwa kweiyo yepasi panguva yekudonha kwemurwi.

• Asphalt uye Concrete: Kana asphalt kana kongiri inoshandiswa seyepasi liner, iyo anti-seepage uye simba rekumanikidza zvine hukama nehupamhi hwayo. Kazhinji, ukobvu hunobva pa150 kusvika 200 mm. Kana ichivakwa zvakanaka, iyo permeability coefficient iri pakati pe1.0×10−9 cm/s uye 1.0×10−10 cm/s. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwepasi pasi rinodhura uye rinowanzoputika.

• High - Density Polyethylene Films (Plates) (HDPE): Kana yakakwira - density polyethylene uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinoshandiswa seyakadzika liner, ukobvu ndeye 1 - 2 mm chete. Kupindirana kwayo kusingasviki 1.0 × 10−13 cm/s, uye ine yepakati puncture - kuramba kugona. Inokodzera ores ine chidimbu saizi isingasviki 20 mm uye inogona kushandiswazve kakawanda. Yakakwira - density polyethylene nyoro mahwendefa anogona kusungirirwa pane - saiti uchishandisa cyclohexanone. Nzira yekuvaka iri nyore, asi zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvinoiswa pamhando ye welds. Munyika dzekune dzimwe nyika, chinyorwa ichi chinowanzo kusarudzirwa epasi liners yenzvimbo dzemurwi leaching nzvimbo (kusanganisira kupera - madziva emvura).

2.3 Pazasi Liner Zvimiro

• Single - Layer Pazasi Liners: Kana ivhu, asphalt, kana kongiri ichishandiswa kune imwe-yepasi pasi liner, inotakura kushushikana kwakanyanya uye inogona kudzora kugadzikana kweore murwi pamwe chete nenheyo. Kana zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvichishandiswa, kunyanya kana zvinhu zvekugadzira zvikaiswa pahwaro hwezvinhu zvakatsetseka-zviyo, simba rekubatana rinodzika rakaderera, izvo zvinogonesa kugadzikana kwemurwi weore.

• Kaviri - Layer Pazasi Liners: Double - layer bottom liners inoumbwa nemhando mbiri dzepazasi - liner zvinhu. Iwo maviri akaturikidzana anogona kutarisana zvakananga kana kuve nedhiraivha layer kana buffer layer pakati. Iyo drainage layer inoshandiswa pakuongorora pakudonha inokwanisa kuunganidza uye kugadziridza zvakare leachate. Dreiner layer inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sejecha rakanaka, uye kuwedzera kwayo kunogonawo kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemurwi wematombo. Iyo yekumusoro layer yekaviri - layer yepasi liner kazhinji ndiyo yekushanda cushion layer kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzoreredzwa kweiyo leachate, nepo yezasi layer iri backup layer yekudzivirira kubuda kwemhinduro munzvimbo. Kazhinji, iyo dhizaini yekushanda yeaviri - layer yepasi liner inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvekugadzira senge HDPE nePVC, uye iyo backup layer inogadzirwa nevhu.

• Katatu - Layer Pazasi Liners: Triple - layer bottom liners inowanzo umbwa imwe layer yePVC kana HDPE soft plate uye maviri akaturikidzana evhu, kana maviri akaturikidzana ePVC uye imwe layer yevhu. Pane mukana wepamusoro weore - murwi kutsvedza nekatatu - layer pasi liner. Kuti udzivise kutsvedza, kanenge imwe drainage layer inofanira kupihwa pakati pepasi - liner layers. Triple - layer bottom liners haanyanyi kushandiswa.

2.4 Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Iyo yekuisa tekinoroji uye kunaka kweiyo yepasi liner inokanganisa zvakanyanya basa rayo. Paunenge uchiisa chigadziko chevhu, zvakakosha kuti udzivise nguva yekunaya kwemvura kana yakaoma kudzivirira mutsara wepasi kubva pakuputika nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemvura. Iyo chaiyo nzira ndeyekutanga kuisa jira revhu, bentonite, kana kuti tailings yakanaka panheyo, kuisunga, ipapo kuisa mafirimu epurasitiki kana mapepa erabha, kuwedzera jira revhu kana jecha rakanaka, uye pakupedzisira kuvhara chidimbu chehombe - saizi yematombo sechidziviriro chekudzivirira.

Kana paine mutsauko wehurefu munheyo, kuiswa kweiyo synthetic - zvinhu zvepasi liners zvinofanirwa kutanga kubva padanho repamusoro uye zvichikwira kumusoro. Dzivisa kugadzira makwinya. Muchina usina musono roller unogona kushandiswa kuisa, uye welding inonyanya kuitirwa pa-saiti. Mawelds anofanirwa kunge akafanana, uye marongero awo anofanirwa kuve perpendicular kune inogona kufamba nzira yemurwi weore. Pamusoro pazvo, nzvimbo yekurarisa yepasi penzvimbo yekurovesa murwi inofanira kuva yakati kurei pane yepazasi chaipo pamurwi wesimbi.