Kuenzanisa pakati peAtmospheric uye Pressure Leaching muGoridhe Mine Cyanidation process

1. ziviso

Cyanidation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo. Pakati penzira dzayo dzakasiyana dzekushanda, atmospheric leaching uye pressure leaching inzira mbiri dzakakosha. Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati padzo kwakakosha pakuvandudza maitiro ekubvisa goridhe, kuvandudza mashandiro, uye kuderedza mari. Chinyorwa chino chichaenzanisa zvakadzama pakati peatmospheric nepressure leaching mukuita cyanidation yemugodhi wegoridhe.

2. Nheyo yeCyanidation Leaching

Kubviswa kwecyanidation kunobva pakuita kwegoridhe necyanide kana paine okisijeni. Muedzo wemakemikari wakajairika ndewekuti:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻+ 4OH⁻

Mukuita uku, goridhe rinoumba goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes, iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa uye kudzorerwa. Ingave mumhepo kana kumanikidza leaching, iyi basic reaction musimboti inoramba yakafanana. Nekudaro, maitiro ekuita uye kinetics anokanganisa nekumanikidza chinhu.

3. Kuenzanisa kweLeaching Efficiency

3.1 Atmospheric Leaching

Atmospheric leaching inowanzoshanda pane ambient tembiricha uye kumanikidza. Kune mamwe maore egoridhe akareruka, akadai seaya ane chikamu chepamusoro chemahara - kugaya goridhe, mumhepo leaching inogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Nekudaro, kune yakaoma ores ine huwandu hukuru hwemaminerari e sulfide kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba, kugona kweLeaching kweatmospheric leaching kunowanzo kushomeka. Iko kunonoka kuita mwero uye kusakwana kuita kunogona kutungamira kune yakaderera goridhe leaching rate. Semuenzaniso, kana uchibata negoridhe ores ine pyrite, sarufa iri mu pyrite inogona kuita neokisijeni uye cyanide panguva yemhepo yemhepo, ichidya okisijeni uye cyanide, uye nekudaro ichidzivirira kuparara kwegoridhe. Kazhinji, mwero wegoridhe rekudonha mumhepo yemhepo inotenderedza 60% - 85% kune yakajairika ores.

3.2 Pressure Leaching

Pressure leaching, kune rumwe rutivi, inoitwa pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidza akakwira. Kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunyungudika kweokisijeni mumhinduro yeleaching. Zvinoenderana nemutemo waHenry, kudzvanywa kwepamusoro kunotungamira kune yakakwira chikamu chekumanikidzwa kweokisijeni, iyo inowedzera kuwanda kweiyo yakanyungudika mumhinduro. Iyi yakakwira-concentration yakanyungudutswa okisijeni inogona kusimudzira oxidation yegoridhe uye kuumbwa kwegoridhe - cyanide complexes. Kune refractory goridhe ores, pressure leaching inogona kuputsa zvimiro zvinoramba zvemaminerari esulfide, zvichiburitsa goridhe rakawanda kune mhinduro yekudonha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiyero cheleaching chegoridhe chinogona kuvandudzwa. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kune mamwe anoramba egoridhe ores, iyo goridhe leaching rate yekumanikidza leaching inogona kusvika pamusoro pe90%, kunyangwe kusvika 95% pasi pemamiriro akakwenenzverwa.

4. Kuenzaniswa kweReaction Conditions

4.1 Kupisa

• Kubvisa mhepo mumhepo : Kazhinji kunoshanda patembiricha yekunze kana kuti pedyo netembiricha yekunze, kazhinji inenge 25°C. Sezvo mhinduro yacho isingatungamirirwi netembiricha yepamusoro, simba rinoshandiswa pakudziisa rakaderera. Zvisinei, tembiricha yakaderera zvinorevawo kuti reaction rate inononoka.

• Kubvisa simba remagetsi : Kazhinji kunoda tembiricha yakakwira. Tembiricha yacho inowanzova pakati pe80 - 150°C. Tembiricha yakakwira inogona kukurumidzisa makemikari, asi inodawo simba rakawedzerwa rekudziisa sisitimu yekuburitsa simba.

4.2 Cyanide Concentration

• Kubviswa kwemvura mumhepo : Kuwanda kwecyanide mumushonga wekubviswa kwemvura kunowanzova pakati pe0.02% - 0.1%. Kune matombo ane tsvina yakawanda, huwandu hwakawanda hwecyanide hunogona kudiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mvura iri kubviswa, asi izvi zvichawedzera mutengo uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza.

• Kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi : Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuita kwesimba remagetsi kana munhu amanikidzwa, huwandu hwecyanide hunodiwa hunogona kunge hwakaderera, kazhinji hunosvika 0.01% - 0.05%. Izvi hazvingoderedzi chete kushandiswa kwecyanide asiwo zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa ne cyanide residues.

5. Kuenzaniswa kweEquipment Zvinodiwa uye Mari

5.1 Equipment Zvinodiwa

• Kubvisa Mvura Mumhepo : Midziyo yekuburitsa mvura mumhepo iri nyore. Inonyanya kusanganisira matangi ekuburitsa mvura, maagitator, uye michina yekupa mweya. Matangi ekuburitsa mvura haafanire kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, saka zvinhu zvavanogadzira uye mitengo yakaderera. Maagitator anoshandiswa kuona kuti pulp yesimbi, cyanide solution, uye oxygen zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana, uye zvinodiwa kuti simba razvo rirambe richikura uye ngura hazvina kunyanya kukwira.

• Kubvisa Simba reKudzvanya : Kubvisa simba reKudzvanya kunoda michina yakasarudzika inodzivirira simba reKudzvanya, senge ma autoclave. Autoclave inofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvine simba reAlloy kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kudzvanya kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, inewo maitiro akaomarara ekudzora kudzvanya, kudzora tembiricha, uye dziviriro. Dhizaini nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo iyi kwakaoma uye kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.

5.2 Mutengo

• Kubvisa mhepo mumhepo : Mari yekutanga yekudyara michina yekuburitsa mhepo mumhepo yakaderera. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakaderera uye nguva yakareba yekuburitsa mhepo, mari yekushanda maererano nebasa, kushandiswa kwesimba kwenguva refu, uye kushandiswa kwecyanide zvinogona kunge zvakakwira nekufamba kwenguva.

• Kubvisa Simba reKudzvanya : Mari yekutanga mumidziyo yekuburitsa simba reKudzvanya yakakwira zvikuru nekuda kwema autoclaves anodhura anodzivirira simba reKudzvanya uye masisitimu ekudzora akaomarara. Asi tichifunga nezvekushanda kwayo kwakanyanya uye nguva pfupi yekuburitsa simba reKudzvanya, mari yese yekushandisa maererano nekugona kwayo kugadzira uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa inogona kukwikwidzana zvakanyanya pakugadzira matombo makuru uye asingadzoreki.

6. Environmental Impact

6.1 Cyanide Residue

• Kubviswa kwemvura mumhepo : Sezvambotaurwa, kubviswa kwemvura mumhepo kunogona kuda huwandu hwakawanda hwecyanide, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti pave netsvina yakawanda mumitsetse. Cyanide ine chepfu yakawanda, uye kurapwa kusina kunaka kwecyanide - ine mitsetse kunogona kutyisidzira nharaunda neutano hwevanhu.

• Kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi : Kana kushandiswa kwecyanide kwakaderera, kubviswa kwesimba remagetsi kunogadzira marara mashoma ecyanide mumarara. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yezvakatipoteredza inokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwecyanide kusvika pamwero wakati.

6.2 Kushandiswa Kwemagetsi uye Kuburitsa

• Kubvisa mhepo mumhepo : Kunyangwe ichishandisa simba shoma pakupisa, kushanda kwenguva refu kuti iwane mhedzisiro inogutsa yekubvisa mhepo kunogona kushandisa simba rakawanda remagetsi rekusimudzira uye kufefetedza mhepo. Panyaya yekuburitsa mhepo, kana nzira yekubvisa mhepo isina kudzorwa zvakanaka, inogona kukonzera kuburitswa kwemagasi ane njodzi anokonzerwa nekuita kwayo.

• Kubvisa Simba muDhivha : Kubvisa simba mudhivha nekudziya kwakanyanya kunoda simba rakawanda rekudziisa nekuchengetedza hurongwa hwekudzvanya. Zvisinei, kushanda kwayo nesimba kunoreva kuti pakugadzirwa kwegoridhe kwakafanana, simba rinoshandiswa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chegoridhe rinogona kuenzana kana kutomboderera pane rekubvisa simba mudhivha tichifunga nezvekukwanisa kwakawanda kwekugadzira. Panyaya yekubuda kwemhepo, kana hurongwa hwekudzvanya hwakavharwa zvakanaka, kuburitswa kwemagasi ane njodzi kunogona kudzorwa zviri nani.

7. Mhedziso

Muchidimbu, zvese zviri mumhepo uye kudzvanywa kudonha mumugodhi wegoridhe cyanidation maitiro ane zvawo maitiro. Atmospheric leaching yakakodzera kune yakapusa goridhe ores ine yakaderera investimendi mumidziyo pakutanga, asi ine zvipimo mukuita leaching kushanda kweakaoma ores. Pressure leaching, pane kudaro, inoratidza mabhenefiti makuru mukubata neanoramba goridhe ores, ane yakakwirira leaching kunyatsoshanda, kuderera kwecyanide kushandiswa, uye kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza maererano nemasara ecyanide. Nekudaro, inoda yakakwirira-inodhura michina uye yakanyanya kuoma kushanda nekugadzirisa. Pakusarudza nzira yekucheka, mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kufunga zvakadzama zvinhu zvakaita sezvivakwa zveore, chiyero chekugadzira, bhajeti rekudyara, uye zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza kuita sarudzo yakakodzera.