Nzira uye Matanho ekubvisa chetoxification yeCyanide Tailings

ziviso

Cyanide tailings imarara akasimba anogadzirwa panguva yekubatsirwa kwemigodhi yegoridhe nemimwe migodhi. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvakasara cyanides nemamwe masimbi anorema, kana akasabatwa nemazvo, anokonzeresa kukuvadza kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Iyo yakanyanya toxicity ye Cyanides inogona kupararira nemhepo, mvura, uye ivhu, ichisvibisa nharaunda yakapoteredza uye kuisa mungozi kurarama kwemhuka nemiti. Nokudaro, inokurumidza kubvisa detoxify Cyanide Tailings. Ichi chinyorwa chichasuma zvakadzama nezve Detoxification nzira uye maitiro e cyanide tailings.

Hunhu uye Njodzi dzeCyanide Tailings

Kuumbwa kwe cyanide tailings yakaoma. Pamusoro pemacyanides asina kubatwa, inewo simbi dzinorema semhangura, lead, zinc, uye mercury. Aya masimbi anorema anonetsa kudzikisira munzvimbo yechisikigo uye anozoungana kwenguva yakareba. Cyanides inogona kuvharidzira basa rekufema ma enzymes mumasero ehupenyu, zvichiita kuti asphyxiation uye kufa kwezvipenyu. Semuenzaniso, kana mvura yetsvina ine cyanide tailings ikaiswa munzizi, zvinokonzeresa kufa kwezvipenyu zvemumvura zvakaita sehove, zvichiparadza chiyero chemvura. Kana masimbi anorema achipinda mumuviri wemunhu, anoungana munhengo dzevanhu uye kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, chepfu yomutobvu inotapura kukura kwetsinga, uye chepfu yemercury inokuvadza itsvo nouropi.

Detoxification Nzira

Chemical Oxidation Method

1. Alkaline Chlorination Method: Iyi inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekubvisa mabhakitiriya kubva mumakemikari. Kana paine alkaline (kazhinji pH inodzorwa pa10 - 11), ma oxidant akadai se chlorine gasi kana hypochlorite anowedzerwa kuma tailings e cyanide. Nheyo yayo yekuita ndeye: Kutanga, ma cyanide ions (CN⁻) anosanganiswa kuita ma cyanate ions (CNO⁻), uye reaction equation ndeye CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Zvadaro, cyanate inoora kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi zvakaita se nitrogen uye kabhoni dhayidhi iri pasi pe oxidation yakawedzerwa, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Kubatsira kwenzira iyi ndekwekuti reaction rate inokurumidza uye detoxification effect iri pachena, asi dambudziko nderekuti zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakaita se chlorine - ine exhaust gas zvinogona kugadzirwa.

2. Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Nzira: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inogona oxidize uye kuora cyanides muhupo hwekugadzirisa kwakakodzera. Catalysts senge ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) inowanzosarudzwa. Munguva yemaitiro ekuita, hydrogen peroxide inoora kuburitsa hydroxyl radicals (·OH), ine akanyanya kusimba oxidizing zvimiro uye anogona kukurumidza oxidize cyanides. Mhinduro equation inoti CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Kubatsira kwehydrogen peroxide oxidation nzira ndeyokuti zvigadzirwa mushure mekuparara kwehydrogen peroxide imvura uye okisijeni, uye hapana zvitsva zvinosvibisa zvinotangwa, asi mutengo wakakwira, uye zvinodiwa zvemamiriro ekuita zvakanyanya.

Biological Oxidation Nzira

1. Microbial Leaching Method: Mamwe ma microorganisms akakosha, akadai saThiobacillus ferrooxidans, anoshandiswa. Aya ma microorganisms anogona kushandisa cyanides senitrogen uye kabhoni masosi panguva yekukura kwavo uye oxidize nekuiparadza. Kuburikidza nemabasa avo ega ega metabolic, tupukanana tunoshandura macyanides kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakaita secarbon dioxide, mvura, uye ammonia. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti ishamwari yezvakatipoteredza uye ine simba shoma rekushandisa, asi kukanganisa ndechokuti kukura kwe microorganisms kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza zvakadai sekushisa uye pH kukosha, uye kutenderera kwekurapa kwakareba.

2. Biofilm nzira: Microorganisms inogadziriswa pamusoro pemutakuri kuti iite biofilm. Apo cyanide tailings inosangana ne biofilm, cyanides inosvibiswa ne microorganisms. Iyo biofilm ine adsorption yakasimba uye kushatisa masimba, ayo anogona kuvandudza kurapa kwakanaka kwema microorganisms pa cyanides. Kuenzaniswa neiyo microbial leaching method, ma microorganisms ari mubiofilm nzira haasi nyore kurasikirwa uye ane kugadzikana kwepamusoro, asi ivo vanotarisana nedambudziko rekuve nehanya nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.

Dzimwe Nzira

1. High - Temperature Pyrolysis Method: Cyanide tailings iri pyrolyzed pakupisa kwepamusoro (kazhinji pamusoro pe800 ℃), uye macyanides anoora kuita magasi akadai senitrogen uye carbon monoxide. Iyo yakakwirira - tembiricha pyrolysis nzira inogona zvinobudirira kubvisa cyanides, asi inoda huwandu hukuru hwesimba rekushandisa, uye inorema simbi inogona kunyungudika pasi pepamusoro-tembiricha mamiriro, kuwedzera kuoma kwekutevera muswe gasi kurapwa.

2. Adsorption nzira: Zvinodzikisa mweya zvakaita se Yakagadziriswa Carbon uye zeolite zvinoshandiswa kunyudza cyanides. Adsorbents ane nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo uye anogona kunyudza cyanides pamusoro pawo, nokudaro achizadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa chepfu. Nzira yekunyudza iri nyore kushandisa, asi kugona kwemunyu kunyudza kwemunyu kushoma, uye munyu unofanirwa kutsiviwa nguva nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa kwemunyu kunyudza kwakaomawo.

Detoxification Process

Kufungidzira

1. Kupwanya uye kuongorora: Iwo makuru ecyanide tailings anopwanyika kuti aderedze saizi yavo, kuitira kuti inotevera detoxification reaction inogona kuenderera zvizere. Zvimedu zvinopwanya zvinosanganisira shaya dzinopwanya, zvimedu zvekoni, zvichingodaro. Iyo yakapwanyika miswe inozoongororwa kuburikidza nemidziyo yekuongorora senge vibrating masikirini kuti iburitse zvidimbu zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana, zvichipa zvinhu zvine masaizi akakodzera ekurapwa kunotevera.

2. Leaching: Kuti uite kuti cyanides ibatane zviri nani uye iite neiyo detoxification reagent, mvura kana zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zvakakodzera zvinowanzoshandiswa kusveta cyanide tailings. Iyo leaching process inoitwa mune yakamutswa tangi, uye tailings uye solvent zvinosanganiswa zvizere nekukurudzira. Zvinhu zvakadai senguva yekurejesa, tembiricha, uye mvura-kusvika-yakasimba chiyero zvinokanganisa iyo leaching maitiro, uye kazhinji inoda kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo.

Detoxification Operation

1. Kushanda Maitiro eKemikari Oxidation Method: Kutora nzira yealkaline chlorination semuenzaniso, mukugadzirisa tailings mushure mekucheka, sodium hydroxide inotanga kuwedzerwa kugadzirisa pH kukosha kwekugadzirisa kusvika 10 - 11. Zvadaro, chlorine gasi inotangwa zvishoma nezvishoma kana sodium hypochlorite solution inowedzerwa, uye kubvongodza kunoitwa panguva imwe chete kuita kuti mhinduro ienderere mberi zvizere. Munguva yekuita maitiro, iyo cyanide yakasungwa mune mhinduro inoda kutariswa munguva chaiyo. Kana iyo cyanide concentration yakaderedzwa kusvika pasi peyero yakatarwa, kuwedzera kweiyo oxidant kunomiswa.

2. Kushanda Maitiro eBiological Oxidation Method: Kana iyo microbial leaching nzira yakagamuchirwa, iyo yakasimudzwa Thiobacillus ferrooxidans uye mamwe ma microorganisms anoiswa mune leaching solution ine cyanide tailings. Kupisa kweiyo reaction system inodzorwa mukati meiyo yakakodzera kukura kwemhando yemicroorganisms (kazhinji 25 - 35 ℃), uye iyo pH kukosha inogadziriswa kune yakakodzera renji (kazhinji 2 - 4). Mukati mekuita maitiro, kudya kunoda kugara kuchizadzikiswa kuti risangane nekukura kwezvido zveutachiona. Kufambira mberi kweiyo detoxification reaction inotongwa nekutarisa cyanide concentration uye kukura kwemicroorganisms.

Kutevera Kurapwa

1. Yakasimba - Liquid Separation: Mushure mekuita kwe detoxification kwapera, iyo yakarapwa tailings inoda kuiswa pasi yakasimba - yemvura kuparadzaniswa. Yakajairika yakasimba - nzira dzekuparadzanisa mvura dzinosanganisira kusefa uye centrifugation. Kuburikidza nemidziyo yekusefa yakaita sendiro - uye - furemu mafirita, masimbi akasimba anopatsanurwa kubva kumvura. Mvura yakapatsanurwa inoda kuongororwazve cyanide uye heavy metal yemukati kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kuburitswa mushure mekusangana nezviyero zvekuburitsa.

2. Tailings Disposal: Mushure me detoxification uye yakasimba - kuparadzaniswa kwemvura, kana iyo inorema simbi yemukati mumisara ichiri yakakwirira, kumwe kurapwa kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo yekusimbisa uye kudzikamisa tekinoroji inogamuchirwa, uye miswe inosanganiswa neanosimbisa maajenti senge simende uye lime kuti agadzirise masimbi anorema mumuviri wakaomeswa uye kuderedza kufamba kwavo munharaunda. Miswe yakarapwa inogona kuzadzwa pasi kana kushandiswa zvizere zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo, sekushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka.

mhedziso

Iyo detoxification kurapwa kwecyanide tailings kwakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa huturu dzine zvadzo zvakanakira nekuipira. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, nzira dzakakodzera dzedetoxification uye maitiro anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvizere zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehunhu hwecyanide tailings, mutengo wekurapa, uye nharaunda zvinodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, matekinoroji matsva ekubvisa muto uye maitiro ari kuramba achibuda. Mune ramangwana, zvinotarisirwa kukudziridza nzira dzakasimba, dzakatenderedza nharaunda, uye dzehupfumi detoxification yecyanide tailings, ichipa mhinduro dziri nani kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza anounzwa necyanide tailings.