Emergency Response kune Sodium Cyanide Leakage Tsaona

ziviso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sesimbi, electroplating, uye migodhi yegoridhe. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekunyanyisa kwayo toxicity, chero kuvuza kwe sodium cyanide zvinogona kuunza njodzi yakakomba kuutano hwevanhu nemhoteredzo. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuve neyakatsanangurwa uye inoshanda dambudziko rinopindura ronga zvinhu zvakadaro.

Zvivakwa uye Njodzi dzeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikiristiri chena yakasimba. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye inogona kuburitsa hydrogen cyanide gasi (HCN) paine maasidhi kana pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekunze. Hydrogen cyanide igasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura zvikuru rine hunhu hunovava - hwemaamanda (kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anogona kuona kunhuwa uku).

Kusadzivirirwa ku Sodium Cyanide inogona kuitika kuburikidza nekufema, kunwa, kana kubata ganda. Kufema hydrogen cyanide gasi kunogona kukonzera kukurumidza kutanga kwezviratidzo, zvinosanganisira dzungu, kutemwa nemusoro, kushomeka kwekufema, kuoma kwechipfuva, kusvotwa, kurutsa, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuziva, pfari, uye kufa. Kupinza kwe Sodium cyanide inogona zvakare kuuraya, uye kubata kweganda kunogona kukonzera kushatirwa uye kunyura kwechepfu mumuviri.

Emergency Response Procedus

1. Kutanga Kuona uye Kushuma

• Immediate Notification: Pakangofungidzirwa kuti sodium cyanide leakage inofungidzirwa kana kuwonekwa, vekutanga-pane-vashandi vanofanirwa kukurumidza kuzivisa chiitiko ichi kune akakodzera emukati ekupindura matimu, akadai sedhipatimendi rekuchengetedza chirimwa, uye zviremera zvekunze, kusanganisira madhipatimendi emoto emunharaunda, masangano ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye mahofisi ekuchengetedza emergency. Ipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezve nzvimbo yekudonha, huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwesodium cyanide inosanganisirwa, uye chero zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekukuvadza kana njodzi dzinogona kuitika.

• Hazard Assessment: Nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa dzinofanirwa kukurumidza kuita ongororo yekutanga njodzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona kupararira kungangoitika kweyadeuka sodium cyanide, mukana wekuburitswa kwegasi (kana mamiriro ezvinhu achikodzera kugadzirwa kwehydrogen cyanide), uye kukanganisa kunobvira pahuwandu hwepedyo, zvitubu zvemvura, uye nzvimbo dzakatipoteredza dzinonetsa.

2. Kubuda uye Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe

• Kubviswa Kwevanhu: Bvisa vese vasiri-vakakosha kubva munzvimbo yakakanganisika uye yakachengeteka buffer zone yakaitenderedza. Gadzira nzira dzakajeka dzekubuda nemhepo dzenzvimbo yekuvuza kuti uderedze njodzi yekusangana nemagasi ane chepfu. Shandisa masisitimu ekero dzeruzhinji, maalarm, uye zviratidzo zvinooneka kuti uzivise vanhu. Ipa rubatsiro kune avo vakaremara kana zvakakosha panguva yekubuda.

• Kuparadzaniswa kweNzvimbo: Misa perimeter yakatenderedza saiti yekuvuza kudzivirira kupinda kusina mvumo. Hukuru hwenzvimbo yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe hunofanirwa kutariswa zvichibva pazvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu hwesodium cyanide yakadeuka, nzvimbo, uye mafambiro emhepo. Tumira zviratidzo uye zvipingamupinyi kuti unyatsomaka nzvimbo yakarambidzwa.

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kune Vanopindura

• Kudzivirirwa kwekufema: Vanopindura vanopinda munzvimbo yakasvibiswa vanofanirwa kupfeka zvakakodzera kudzivirira kufema. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira midziyo yekufema yega (SCBA) yemamiriro ezvinhu apo pane njodzi huru yekufemba gasi rehydrogen cyanide. Muzviitiko zvishoma-zvakanyanya apo kuwanda kwemhepo inosvibiswa nemhepo yakaderera, mhepo - yekuchenesa kufema ine cartridges yakakodzera (yakagadzirirwa kusefa kunze kwe cyanide compounds) inogona kushandiswa, asi mushure mekuongorora kwakakodzera kwengozi.

• Kudzivirira Muviri: Pfeka masutu emakemikari-anodzivirira anovhara muviri wese, kusanganisira magirovhosi, bhutsu, uye hood. Aya masutu anofanirwa kuve asingapindire kune sodium cyanide uye chero inosanganisirwa kemikari maitiro ezvigadzirwa. Ita shuwa kuti iyo PPE yakarongedzerwa zvakanaka uye iri muchimiro chakanaka usati washandisa.

4. Containment of the Leak

• Diki Leaks: Kune maburi madiki e sodium cyanide, zvinhu zvinonyudza zvakaita seyakagadziriswa kabhoni, vermiculite, kana jecha zvinogona kushandiswa kunyudza chinhu chadururwa. Bvisa chinhu chanyudzwa wochiisa mumidziyo yakavharwa, yakanyorwa kuti uraswe zvakanaka. Geza nzvimbo yakabatwa nemvura yakawanda, uchingwarira kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinde mumigero yemvura kana masisitimu etsvina.

• Mavuza Makuru: Panyaya yekuvuza kukuru, kuedza kunofanira kuitwa kuve nesodium cyanide uchishandisa zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuvaka madhiki kana kushandisa mabhomu anonwisa kudzivirira kupararira kwemvura sodium cyanide. Kana kubuda kwacho kwaitika pedyo nemvura, funga kushandisa madhamu anofema kana imwe nzira yekutsausa kuyerera kwemvura ine tsvina kubva munzvimbo dzinonetsa. Usaedze kuchenesa maburi makuru pasina kudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye michina. Mirira kusvika kwezvikwata zvekupindura zvine njodzi.

5. Kubvisa tsvina

• Decontamination of People: Chero ani anga asangana nesodium cyanide, kungave kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga kana kuve pedyo neinobvinza, anofanira kubviswa hutachiona. Bvisa mbatya dzose dzine utachiona pakarepo woisa mumabhegi epurasitiki akavharwa. Geza muviri zvakakwana nemvura yakawanda kweinenge maminitsi gumi nemashanu, uchinyatsoteerera nzvimbo dzakadai sechiso, maoko, uye chero maronda akazaruka. Kana maziso akaonekwa, diridza nemvura yakachena kwemaminitsi angangoita gumi nemashanu. Ipa rubatsiro rwekurapa kune vanhu vakafumurwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

• Decontamination of the Area: Mushure mekunge yabuda, nzvimbo ine hutachiona inoda kusvibiswa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugeza pasi nemhinduro yebleach (sodium hypochlorite) nemvura. Chiyero che bleach kumvura chinofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nekuoma kwekusvibiswa uye nekutevera akakodzera mirairo yekuchengetedza. Iyo decontamination process inofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vakadzidziswa vakapfeka yakakodzera PPE.

6. Kurapwa Kwevanhu Vakafumurwa

• First Aid pa - Site: Ipa nekukurumidza rubatsiro rwekutanga kune avo vakasangana nesodium cyanide. Tarisa uone zviratidzo zvekufema uye kurova. Kana munhu wacho asiri kufema, tanga kumutsidzira mwoyo (CPR) nekukurumidza. Isai oxygen kana iripo. Usanonoke kuendesa munhu wacho kuchipatara.

• Kurapa Kwekurapa: Pachipatara, varwere vanogona kurapwa nemishonga chaiyo yecyanide poisoning, yakadai sehydroxocobalamin kana sodium nitrite / sodium thiosulfate musanganiswa. Kusarudzwa kwemushonga kunoenderana nekuoma kwekuratidzwa uye mamiriro emurwere. Mamwe marapiro anotsigira, akadai semvura inopinza mutsinga, manejimendi ekubatwa, uye kugadzirisa metabolic acidosis, inogona zvakare kudikanwa.

7. Environmental Monitoring

• Air Monitoring: Ramba uchitarisa kunaka kwemhepo mukati uye kwakatenderedza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekuda kwekuvapo kwehydrogen cyanide gasi. Shandisa inotakurika gasi ma detectors kuyera huwandu hwegasi munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye panguva nenguva. Misa zviteshi zvekutarisa zvakagadziriswa kana zvichidikanwa kuti utarise kupararira kwenguva refu kwegasi.

• Water Monitoring: Kana iyo sodium cyanide inodonha ichikwanisa kusvibisa zvitubu zvemvura, tarisa kunaka kwemvura kuzasi kwenzvimbo inodonha. Edza kuvepo kweiyo cyanide ion mumvura yepamusoro, pasi pemvura, uye chero mvura inoshandiswa kunwa kana zvimwe zvakakosha. Rongedza pamwe nenzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura kuti uone kuti matanho akakodzera anotorwa kubvisa cyanide kubva pamvura kana yakanganiswa.

8. Kurasa Zvinhu Zvakasvibiswa

• Tsvina Yakasimba: Zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvinonyura, PPE yakashandiswa, uye chero zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasangana nesodium cyanide zvinofanira kuiswa mumidziyo yakavharwa, yakanyorwa. Magaba aya anofanirwa kuendeswa kunzvimbo ine rezenisi yekurasa tsvina ine ngozi kuti iraswe zvakanaka.

• Liquid Waste: Chero tsvina yemvura inogadzirwa panguva yekuchenesa, senge mvura ine hutachiona kubva mukusvibiswa kana kuyerera kubva panzvimbo inobuda mvura, inofanirwa kuunganidzwa nekugadziriswa. Nzira dzekurapa dzingasanganisira kukwirisa makemikari (semuenzaniso, kushandisa hydrogen peroxide kana chlorine - based oxidants) kuputsa makemikari ecyanide kuita zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvishoma. Kana yangogadziriswa, mvura inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mazinga ecyanide ari mukati memiganhu inogamuchirwa yezvakatipoteredza isati yaburitswa.

Post - chiitiko Evaluation

Mushure memhinduro yekukurumidzira kune sodium cyanide kuvuza kwapera, ita yakadzama post - chiitiko chekuongorora. Kuongorora uku kunofanira kusanganisira kuongororwa kwekushanda kwechirongwa chekupindura kwechimbichimbi, kuzivikanwa kwezvikanganiso zvose mukugadzirisa mhinduro, uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekuvandudza. Gadzirisa hurongwa hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva muchiitiko kuti uwedzere kugadzirira uye kugona kupindura mune ramangwana.

mhedziso

Njodzi dzekuvuza dzeSodium cyanide zviitiko zvine njodzi zvakanyanya zvinoda kukurumidza, kurongeka, uye kurongeka kwakanyatsorongwa mhinduro. Nekutevera maitiro ekupindura kwechimbichimbi atsanangurwa pamusoro, njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda inogona kudzikiswa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri ese anobata sodium cyanide ave nehurongwa hwemhinduro dzekukurumidzira munzvimbo, uye kuti vashandi vagare vachidzidziswa maitiro ekuita kune zviitiko zvakadaro. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kuvandudzwa kwekugona kupindura kwechimbichimbi kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda uye kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda.