Pollution Control Technologies yeSodium Cyanide muIndasitiri yeGoridhe

ziviso

The indasitiri yegoridhe yakagara ichivimba nayo sodium cyanide mukuita kwekuchera nekuda kwekuita kwayo mukunyungudutsa goridhe kubva kuores, kunyangwe yakaderera - giredhi. Kubva payakatanga kushandiswa muna 1887 pakuchera goridhe nesirivheri, nzira yecyanidation yave huru muchikamu chepasi rose chemigodhi yegoridhe. Mhedzisiro yemakemikari inobatanidzwa ndeye 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂)+ 4NaOH, apo goridhe riri mumatombo rinopindirana cyanide maion pamberi peokisijeni kuti iite soluble gold cyanide complexes. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe Sodium Cyanide inounza njodzi dzakakura dzekusvibiswa, zvichiita kuti kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwe kudzora kusvibiswa matekinoroji akakosha.

Zvakatipoteredza uye Kuchengetedza Kunetseka Kwakabatana neSodium Cyanide

Muchetura uye Kusvibiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza

Cyanide chinhu chine chepfu zvakanyanya. Sodium cyanide waste liquid inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza. Kunyangwe muhushoma, hunogona kuuraya zvipenyu zvemumvura uye kutyisidzira hutano hwevanhu kana hukasvibisa matsime emvura. Mukuita kwekuchera goridhe, kuraswa kwakashata kwecyanide - ine tsvina kunogona kutungamira mukusvibiswa kwevhu, pamusoro pemvura, uye pasi pevhu. Semuyenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinocherwa goridhe, kudonha kwecyanide - maswe akapfuma kwakakonzera kufa kwehove munzizi dziri pedyo uye kudzikira kwemhando yemvura, zvichikanganisa raramo yenharaunda dzinorarama nemvura.

Kuchengetedzeka Njodzi Mukubata

Kutakura, kuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa kwe Sodium cyanide zvinoda matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza. Ikemikari yakakosha inoda rezenisi rekunze uye chekupedzisira-mushandisi chitupa usati waunza kunze kwenyika. Panguva yekuchengetera, haifanirwe kuiswa pamwe chete neasidhi, nitrites, nitrate, uye zvimwe zvinhu, sezvo kuratidzwa kune acidic nharaunda kunogona kukonzera kuburitswa kwehupfu hydrogen cyanide gasi, kudzikisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye mhedzisiro yekushandisa. Inofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo inofefetera uye yakaoma, zviri nani mune yakakosha imba yekuchengetera kana kaviri - yakakiyiwa yakakosha kabati. Kugara uchitarisa, kuchengetedza, uye kutonga kwekushisa uye hunyoro hwenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinodiwa, pamwe chete neakakodzera mhepo kana dehumidification matanho. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanirawo kunge ine masiki egasi anoenderana, masiki, zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, uye midziyo yekudzima moto. Njodzi panguva yekubata, dzakadai semarara kana kubuda, dzinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kuvashandi uye nharaunda yakapoteredza.

Kusvibisa Kudzora Technologies

Source Reduction

1.Process Optimization

• Mimwe migodhi yegoridhe iri kutora nzira itsva dzekuchera kuderedza kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide. Semuyenzaniso, kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kweasiri cyanide leaching agents ari kuongororwa. Kunyangwe iyo cyanidation nzira iri kutonga, mamwe matekinoroji sekushandisa thiosulfate - based leaching agents anoratidza kugona. Aya asiri-cyanide agents anogona kubvisa goridhe pasi pemamwe mamiriro pasina njodzi yakanyanya yehupfu inosanganiswa necyanide.

• Imwe nzira ndeyekuvandudza ore - dressing process. Nekushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzekukuya nekuparadzanisa, goridhe riri muore rinogona kunyanya kunyura pamberi penhanho yekudonha. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweore inoda kurapwa necyanide, nokudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwecyanide yose.

2.Equipment Upgrades

• Kuvandudza michina inogonawo kubatsira mukuderedza sosi. Semuyenzaniso, yemazuva ano goridhe - yekubvisa michina yakagadzirirwa kuve yakavharika - loop, kuderedza mukana wekudonha kwecyanide. Yepamusoro-tekinoroji leaching matangi ane epamberi yekuvharisa nzira anogona kudzivirira kupukunyuka kwecyanide - ine magasi uye zvinwiwa panguva yekubvisa.

Maitiro Ekutonga

1.Kutarisa uye Kugadzirisa Kushandiswa kweCyanide

• Chaiyo - nguva yekutarisa masisitimu ari kuiswa mune yakawanda goridhe - migodhi mashandiro kudzora huwandu hwecyanide inoshandiswa. Aya masisitimu anogona kuongorora kuumbwa kweore uye kugadzirisa iyo cyanide dosage zvinoenderana. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo goridhe iri muore yakadzikira, sisitimu inogona kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide yakawedzerwa, ichiri kuona kudhirowa kwakanaka.

• Uye zvakare, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kweiyo cyanide yekusangana mune leaching mhinduro inobvumira kugadzirisa nekukurumidza. Kana iyo cyanide yakawandisa, haingotambisi zviwanikwa chete asiwo inowedzera njodzi yekusvibiswa. Nekuchengetedza iyo yakakwana cyanide yekumisikidza, iyo yekubvisa inoshanda inogona kukwidziridzwa uku ichideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

2.Kurapwa kweNhamba dzepakati

• Tekinoroji dzekurapa marara epakati anogadzirwa panguva yegoridhe - yekubvisa maitiro zvakare chikamu chekugadzirisa maitiro. Semuyenzaniso, kana iri nyaya yemarara ine cyanide uye kumwe kusvibiswa, nzira dzakadai seion - exchange inogona kushandiswa kubvisa uye kudzoreredza simbi dzakakosha uku ichideredza cyanide. Izvi hazvibatsire chete mukudzoreredza zviwanikwa asi zvakare zvinoderedza huturu hwemarara isati yawedzera kurapwa kana kuraswa.

Kuchenesa mvura

1.Chemical Oxidation

• Kuoxidation yemakemikari inzira yakajairika yekurapa mvura yakasviba ine cyanide. Kurapa nehydrogen peroxide kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kana hydrogen peroxide ikapindirana ne sodium cyanide waste liquid, sodium bikabhoniGasi remafuta neammonia zvinogadzirwa. Maitiro aya ekubvisa oxidation nekuparadza anobudirira uye asingadhuri zvakanyanya. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti oxidation ivepo zvakaita se ozone zvinogona kushandiswawo. Ozone ine simba guru rekubvisa oxidation uye inogona kukurumidza kupwanya ma cyanide compounds mumvura yakasviba, zvichiita kuti ive zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya.

2.Biological Treatment

• Nzira dzekurapa kwebhayoloji dziri kubudawo senge sarudzo inoshanda. Mamwe mabhakitiriya uye ma microorganisms anogona kugadzira cyanide makomisheni. Mune yakanyatsogadzirwa-yakagadzirwa biological treatment system, aya ma microorganisms anogona kugadzirwa mune reactor uko cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura inopfuudzwa. Utachiona huduku hunopwanya cyanide kuita carbon dioxide, ammonia, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi. Iyi nzira ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza sezvo isingaunze mamwe makemikari anosvibisa, asi inoda kungwarira kudzora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza senge tembiricha, pH, uye kuwanikwa kwechikafu kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwakanaka uye kuita kwehutachiona.

Solid Waste Management

1.Kurasa Kwakachengeteka kweCyanide - Ine Miswe

• Kune cyanide - ine miswe, kuraswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha. Imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa marara akachengeteka akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide munzvimbo. Aya madhishi akaiswa mitsetse yakawanda yezvinhu zvisingapindiki, zvakaita sevhu uye mamembrane ekugadzira, kumisa kutama kwecyanide - ine zvinosvibisa.

• Imwe sarudzo ndeye kurapwa kwemiswe yekudzikisa yavo cyanide yemukati isati yaraswa. Matekiniki akadai sekudzikamiswa kwemakemikari anogona kushandiswa kusunga cyanide mumaswe, zvichiita kuti isanyanya kusvetukira mukati menharaunda.

2.Resource Recovery kubva Tailings

• Pamusoro pekuraswa kwakachengeteka, kuedza kuri kuitwa kudzoreredza zviwanikwa zvakakosha kubva kucyanide - ine maswe. Nekushandisa nzira dzepamusoro dzekuparadzanisa, goridhe uye dzimwe simbi dzinogona kunge dzichiripo mumisara dzinogona kutorwa. Izvi hazvingodzikisi kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvemasairi asiwo zvinopa humwe hupfumi hunobatsira. Semuyenzaniso, mimwe migodhi iri kushandisa flotation uye nzira dzekupatsanura magineti kutora goridhe nezvimwe zvicherwa kubva mumiswe, kuderedza marara uye kuwedzera mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa.

Case Studies

Zijin Mining's Application

Zijin Mining yakabudirira kushandisa nzira yecyanidation vachishandisa sodium cyanide muZijinshan Gold Mine. Nekupfapfaidza cyanide solution (sodium cyanide solution) pane yakapwanyika yakaderera - giredhi ores yegoridhe, vakawana yakaderera - kutorwa kwegoridhe. Zvisinei, vanopawo ngwariro huru kukudzora kusvibiswa. Vakaisa masisitimu epamusoro ekuchenesa mvura yetsvina anoshandisa musanganiswa wemakemikari oxidation uye biological nzira dzekurapa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti cyanide - ine tsvina yemvura inosangana neyakaomesesa zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza isati yaburitswa. Panyaya yekutonga tsvina yakasimba, vakagadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekuchengetera matailings ane lining chaiyo uye masystem ekutarisa kudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide.

Western Arid Region Gold Mine

Mumugodhi wegoridhe munharaunda yakaoma yekumadokero, murwi wenhaka yenhoroondo - leaching cyanide tailings yaive dambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza. Miswe, iyo yakanga yasiiwa isina kugadziriswa kwenguva yakareba, yaisa njodzi yekusvibisa ivhu rakapoteredza nemvura yepasi. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, in-situ sealing uye blocking nzira yakagamuchirwa. Miswe yakanga yakafukidzwa nezvikamu zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvisingapindiki, kusanganisira ivhu uye geomembranes. Izvi zvakanyatsovhara kupararira uye kubuda kwezvinosvibisa kuburikidza nekunaya kwemvura. Mushure mekunge chirongwa ichi chaitwa, mhedzisiro yekutarisisa yakaratidza kuti kuwanda kwecyanide uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa munzvimbo yakatenderedza kwakadzikira zvakanyanya, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zveinjiniya zvinotarisirwa.

Ramangwana Maitiro

1.Kuvandudzwa kweNon - Cyanide Extraction Technologies

• Indasitiri yegoridhe inotarisirwa kuona kwakawanda kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kuedza kwakanangana neasiri-cyanide yekuchera matekinoroji. Sezvo mitemo yezvakatipoteredza ichiwedzera kusimba uye kuziva kweveruzhinji nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuchikura, kudiwa kwenzira dzisiri dzehupfu dzekuchera kuchawedzera. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukushambadzira kwevatsva vasiri cyanide leaching agents uye maitiro munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

2.Kubatanidzwa kweAdvanced Monitoring uye Control Systems

• Yepamberi yekutarisisa uye kutonga masisitimu ichaita basa rinowedzera kukosha muindasitiri yegoridhe. Iko kushandiswa kweInternet yezvinhu (IoT) tekinoroji, semuenzaniso, inogona kugonesa chaiyo-nguva yekutarisisa mashandisirwo ecyanide, mhando yemvura yetsvina, uye mamiriro ezvivakwa zvekuchengetera matailings. Iyi data inogona kuongororwa munguva chaiyo, ichibvumira gadziriso yekukurumidza kune yekubvisa maitiro kuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza.

3.Circular Economy Approaches

• Pachave nekunyanya kukoshesa nzira dzehupfumi hwedenderedzwa muindasitiri yegoridhe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete chete kudzoserwa kwegoridhe nemamwe masimbi akakosha kubva mumaswe asiwo kudzokorodza uye kushandiswa patsva kwemvura nezvimwe zviwanikwa mukuchera. Nekudzikisa marara uye nekuwedzera mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, indasitiri yegoridhe inogona kuve yakagadzikana uye ine hushamwari.

Mukupedzisa, matekinoroji ekudzora kusvibiswa kwesodium cyanide muindasitiri yegoridhe akakosha kudzikisa njodzi yezvakatipoteredza uye yekuchengetedza ine chekuita nekutorwa kwegoridhe. Kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wekudzikisira sosi, kudzora maitiro, kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina, uye marara akasimba, indasitiri yegoridhe inogona kuramba ichishanda ichideredza kukanganisa kwayo nharaunda. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani uye kugamuchirwa kwemaitiro akasimba, ramangwana reindasitiri yegoridhe rinogona kuve rinoenderana nenharaunda uye rakagadzikana.