Toxicity uye Environmental Impact yeSodium Cyanide

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine muchetura uye ine njodzi yakanyanya kukwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kune zvese hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri, senge migodhi, electroplating, uye makemikari synthesis. Nekudaro, kubata zvisina kunaka, kuchengetedza, kana kuburitswa netsaona kwe Sodium cyanide zvinogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro ine ngozi. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekuongorora zvizere toxicity ye Sodium Cyanide uye iyo Kusvibiswa kwehupenyu.

Toxicity yeSodium Cyanide

Mechanism yeToxicity

Iyo yakanyanya toxicity ye sodium cyanide kunyanya kunobva ku Cyanide ion (CN⁻). Kana yangopinzwa, kufemerwa, kana kunyudzwa mukati meganda, iyo cyanide ion inokurumidza kusunga kune cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme yakaoma mumitochondria yemasero. Kusunga uku kunovhiringidza yakajairika maerekitironi ekutakura cheni, ichitadzisa kufema kwemasero. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero haakwanise kushandisa oxygen zvinobudirira, zvichiita kuti pave neiyo cellular asphyxiation. Kunyange shoma shoma ye sodium cyanide inogona kukurumidza kukanganisa mabasa anokosha emuviri pamasero emasero.

Acute Toxicity kune Vanhu

Kuratidzwa kune sodium cyanide kunogona kukonzera chepfu yakanyanya ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezviratidzo. Kufema cyanide gasi kana guruva kunogona kutungamirira kukukurumidza kufema kunetseka, kufema nekukurumidza, uye kunzwa kwekudzipwa. Kunwa sodium cyanide kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakadai sekusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, uye kunhuwa kweamondi kunovava pakufema, icho chiratidzo chechiratidzo che cyanide chepfu. Sezvo chepfu inofambira mberi, panogona kuve nekurasikirwa kwekuziva, kugwinha, uye pakupedzisira, kusungwa kwemoyo uye kufa. Mushonga unouraya wesodium cyanide kuvanhu wakadzikira zvakanyanya, kazhinji uri pakati pe50 - 250 milligrams, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehuremu hwemuviri uye nzira yekuratidzwa.

Chronic Toxicity

Yenguva refu, yakaderera-yero kuratidzwa kune sodium cyanide inogona zvakare kuve nekusingaperi mhedzisiro pahutano hwevanhu. Inogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwetsinga, zvichitungamirira kuzviratidzo zvakadai semusoro, dzungu, kukanganisa kwendangariro, uye kukuvara kwetsinga. Kugara kuratidzwa kunogona kukanganisawo tsinga dzemwoyo, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kweBP uye kukuvara kwenguva refu kune tsandanyama yemoyo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuratidzwa kakawanda kunogona kuderedza immune system, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanyanye kubatwa nezvirwere.

Environmental Impact yeSodium Cyanide

Fate in the Environment

Kana sodium cyanide inoburitswa mumhepo, inopinda maitiro akasiyana. Mumvura, inogona kuparadzaniswa kuva cyanide ions. Cyanide ions ine simba rekuita uye inogona kuwirirana nezvimwe zvinhu. Mukuvapo kwechiedza chezuva uye mamwe ma microorganisms, cyanide inogona kuve yakasvibiswa kune mafomu asina muchetura akadai secyanate (CNO⁻). Nekudaro, iyi oxidation process inogona kunonoka, uye mune anaerobic mamiriro, cyanide inogona kuramba iri mumvura kwenguva yakareba. Muvhu, sodium cyanide inokwanisa kuita zvidimbu zvevhu, uye kufamba kwayo kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semhando yevhu, pH, uye organic matter content.

Impact paAquatic Ecosystems

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu zvemumvura. Kunyangwe pakudzika kwakadzika, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru kuhove, invertebrates, uye humwe hupenyu hwemvura. Cyanide inhibisa ma enzymes ekufema muzvisikwa zvemumvura, zvichitungamira kushaikwa kweokisijeni uye pakupedzisira kufa. Miti yemvura inogonawo kukanganiswa, sezvo cyanide inogona kukanganisa maitiro avo ephotosynthetic. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwe sodium cyanide mumiviri yemvura kunogona kukanganisa chikafu chese chekudya. Semuenzaniso, kufa kwediki invertebrates nekuda kwechepfu yecyanide kunogona kutungamirira mukushaikwa kwechikafu chezvipenyu zvakakura zvinovimba nazvo, zvichikonzera kudonha kwemhepo mukati mese ecosystem.

Impact paTerestrial Ecosystems

Munzvimbo dzepasi, sodium cyanide inogona kusvibisa ivhu, izvo zvingave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamiti. Inogona kutadzisa midzi kukura uye kutora kudya kunovaka muviri muzvirimwa, zvichiita kuti zvikure nekuderera kwegoho. Masikirwo evhu, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwekudya uye kubereka kwevhu, anogona zvakare kukanganiswa zvakanyanya necyanide. Kuvapo kwesodium cyanide muvhu kunogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya anobatsira uye fungi, zvichikanganisa maitiro evhu. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakare hutano hwenguva refu uye goho revhu.

Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo uye Atmospheric Impact

Kana sodium cyanide ikaburitswa muchimiro inobvumira kuti iite volatilize mumhepo, senge mutsaona dzemaindasitiri dzinosanganisira kuburitswa kwecyanide - ine magasi, inogona kukonzeresa kutyisa kwemweya. Cyanide mumhepo inogona kufemerwa nevanhu nemhuka dziri pedyo, zvichikonzera matambudziko ehutano nekukurumidza sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro. Mumhepo, cyanide inogona kuita pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinosvibisa uye inobatsira pakuumbwa kwechipiri chinosvibisa, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwekuita kwakadaro huchiri nzvimbo yekuenderera mberi kwekutsvakurudza.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine muchetura wakanyanya kune zvese hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Hunhu hwayo hwakanyanya uye husingaperi kuvanhu hunogona kuve nemhedzisiro inotyisidzira hupenyu, nepo kuburitswa kwayo mukati mezvakatipoteredza kunogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwakapararira kune zvipenyu zvemvura uye zvepasi. Tichifunga nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza uye mirau akakosha mune ese maindasitiri maitiro anosanganisira kushandiswa kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa nharaunda yekuvapo kwecyanide uye kutsvagisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa kwakakosha kudzikamisa zvinokuvadza zveichi chinhu chine muchetura.