Ndeapi maindasitiri anoshandiswa ecyanide?

Cyanide, kemikari ine boka recyano ine kabhoni atomu katatu - yakabatana neatomu yenitrogen, inozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakawanda. Zvisinei, inoitawo mabasa akakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana.

1. Mining Indasitiri

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha maapplication e Cyanide iri mune Indasitiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya pakucherwa kwesimbi dzinokosha segoridhe nesirivha. Iyo nzira inonzi cyanidation kana iyo cyanide Process.

goridhe

uye ilver ExtractionS

• Ore Processing: Cyanide mhinduro dzinoshandiswa kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivheri kubva kune yakacherwa ore. Ndarama, muchimiro chayo chekuzvarwa, ine yakakwira oxidation inokwanisa. Asi kana iri pamberi pe cyanide ions (\(CN^-\)), goridhe rinoumba iyoni inonyungudika. Kudyidzana kwekemikari uku kunoita kuti goridhe rinyunguduke mumushonga wecyanide, uchipatsanura kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zveore.

• Saizvozvo kune sirivheri, inopindirana ne cyanide nenzira yakafanana kuti iite soluble complex, ichibvumira kuti ibudiswe kubva kune ore matrix.

• Mushure mekunge simbi dzakakosha dzanyungudika mumushonga wecyanide, dzinogona kudzoserwa kuburikidza nemaitiro emagetsi akadai se electrowinning. Mukuhwina kwemagetsi, magetsi emagetsi anopfuudzwa nemugadziriso, zvichiita kuti ayoni esimbi aiswe pane cathode. Imwe nzira ndeye kunaya kwemvura, semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera simbi inoshanda se zinc. Iyo zinc inobvisa goridhe kana sirivheri kubva kune yakaoma ion mumhinduro, zvichiita kuti kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi dzakakosha.

2. Chemical Manufacturing

Cyanide makomisheni akakosha epakati mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana siyana emakemikari.

mapurasitiki

• Cyanide derivatives inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwerabha yakagadzirwa nemapurasitiki. Semuenzaniso, acrylonitrile, ine boka recyano, inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwe polyacrylonitrile (PAN). PAN inoshandiswa kugadzira acrylic fibers, ayo anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemachira kugadzira zvipfeko, makapeti, uye upholstery. Kuburikidza nemaitiro epolymerization, ma acrylonitrile mamorekuru anobatana kuti aumbe cheni refu dzepolyacrylonitrile.

Dyes

• Mamwe machira edhayi anogadzirwa achishandisa cyanide - based chemicals. Cyanide - ine makomisheni inogona kushandiswa kuunza mapoka anoshanda mumamorekuru edhayi, ayo anogona kukanganisa ruvara rwavo, kunyungudika, uye kukurumidza hunhu. Semuenzaniso, mamwe madhayi anoshanda anogona kugadzira covalent zvisungo nemucheka fibers panguva yekudhayiwa anogona kunge aine cyanide - inotorwa mashandiro emapoka, zvichibatsira mukukwanisa kwedhayi kunamatira uye kupenda jira zvinobudirira.

Pharmaceuticals

• Cyanide inobata basa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga uye inoshanda yemishonga yemishonga (APIs). Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwe cyanide mumishonga kwakanyatsogadziriswa nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, inogona kubatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwemakemikari panguva yekubatanidza kwemakemikari akaoma. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe akawanda-nhanho ekugadzira nzira dzemishonga, cyanide inogona kushandiswa kuunza boka recyano mumorekuru. Iri boka recyano rinogona kugadziridzwa zvakare kuburikidza nemaitiro ehydrolysis kuita carboxylic acids, kana kuderedzwa kuita maamines, ayo akakosha anoshanda mapoka mumishonga yakawanda.

3. Electroplating uye Metal Treatment

Cyanide mhinduro dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu electroplating maitiro.

Jewelry Manufacturing

• Mukugadzirwa kwezvishongo zvemhando yepamusoro, cyanide - based electroplating solutions inoshandiswa kuisa simbi dzakaita segoridhe, sirivheri, uye mhangura panzvimbo. Cyanide inoshanda seyakaomesesa agent, iyo inobatsira mukuwana yakatsetseka, yunifomu, uye inonamatira simbi coating. Semuenzaniso, mugoridhe electroplating, iyo goridhe - cyanide yakaoma mumhinduro inobvumira kudzora zvirinani kweyero yekuisa uye kunaka kweiyo goridhe layer pane zvishongo substrate. Munguva ye electroplating, iyo goridhe - cyanide yakaoma inoparadzanisa pa cathode, uye iyo goridhe ion inoderedzwa kuita yakatetepa, kunyange dhizaini yegoridhe pamusoro pechishongo.

Electronics

• Muindasitiri yemagetsi, cyanide - based electroplating inoshandiswa kupfeka zvinhu. Izvi zvinovandudza conductivity uye corrosion resistance yezvikamu zvemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, mhangura - cyanide electroplating inoshandiswa kuisa hutete hwakatsetseka hwemhangura pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs). Iyo mhangura yemhangura inopa yakanaka conductivity yemagetsi, uye kushandiswa kwecyanide mubhati ye electroplating inobatsira pakuwana yunifomu uye kukanganisa - kusununguka kwemhangura yemhangura, iyo inokosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwePCB.

4. Zvimwe Zvishandiso zveMaindasitiri

Metal Quenching

• Mishonga yeCyanide inogona kushandiswa mukupisa kupisa kwesimbi, kunyanya mukuita kunonzi cyaniding. Mune cyaniding, zvikamu zvesimbi zvinopisa mubhati rine cyanide munyu. Iyi nzira inopinza kabhoni nenitrogen pamusoro pesimbi, ichiomesa. Sezvo cyanide inoora pakupisa kwakanyanya, maatomu ecarbon nenitrogen anopararira mukati mesimbi, achigadzira zvinhu zvakaomarara senge iron nitrides uye carbides. Aya makomisheni anowedzera kusakara uye kuneta kuramba kwesimbi, zvichiita kuti igare yakasimba kune akasiyana maapplication.

Organic Synthesis

• Cyanide inoshandiswa kuunza boka recyano (\(-CN\)) muma organic molecules, kugadzira organic. cyanides (nitriles). Aya ma nitriles anogona kushandurwazve kuita mamwe mapoka anoshanda. Semuenzaniso, hydrolysis ye nitrile pamberi peasidhi kana chigadziko chinogona kuburitsa carboxylic acid. Kuderedzwa kwe nitrile kunogona kutungamirira pakuumbwa kwemamine. Izvi zvinoita kuti cyanide ive chivakwa chakakosha chekuvakisa mukuumbwa kweakasiyana siyana emakomponi, kusanganisira ayo anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinonhuhwirira, zvinonhuwirira, uye mamwe makemikari akasarudzika.

Kugadzirwa Kwemamwe Makemikari

• Cyanide inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari akadai secyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride yakakosha yepakati mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yesora, mishonga yezvipembenene, uye dhayi. Inobudiswa ne trimerization ye cyanogen chloride, iyo inowanzogadzirwa kubva kune cyanide zvinyorwa. Kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwekemikari uku, cyanide inobatsira mukugadzirwa kwemakomisheni akakosha kumaindasitiri akasiyana, kubva pakurima kusvika pakudhaya machira.

Mukupedzisa, kunyangwe ine muchetura zvakanyanya, cyanide yakasarudzika kemikari reactivity inoita kuti ive yakakosha musanganiswa mumaindasitiri akawanda maitiro. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakanyanyisa, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza uye mirau yezvakatipoteredza iripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekubata kwayo, kushandiswa, uye kuraswa kwayo mumaindasitiri.