Ndeapi maitiro ekubvisa sodium cyanide kubva kumarara egoridhe?

ziviso

Muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, cyanide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuita kwekuchera nekuda kwekubudirira kwayo mukunyungudutsa goridhe kubva kune ores. Nekudaro, kuvepo kwe cyanide mumisara kunokonzeresa njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwekushanda Cyanide Kubviswa maitiro akakosha zvakanyanya. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa cyanide dzinoshandiswa mukurapa Gold Tailings, nechinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro aripo.

Alkaline Chlorination Method

Principle

The alkaline chlorination method is one of the most commonly used processes for cyanide removal. In this method, chlorine-based oxidants are added to the tailings slurry under alkaline conditions. The chlorine reacts with cyanide ions (CN-) to form less toxic products. The reaction occurs in two main stages. In the first stage, cyanide is oxidized to cyanate (CNO-), and in the second stage, cyanate is further decomposed into nitrogen gas, kabhoni dioxide, and other harmless substances.

Advantages

• Kubudirira Kwepamusoro: Inogona kunyatso kudzikisa yakanyanya kuwanda kwecyanide mune goridhe tailings kuti isangane nemirairo yekuburitsa miganho.

• Kunyatsoshanda: Inokodzera huwandu hwakasiyana hwemiswe ine akasiyana cyanide concentrations uye maumbirwo.

• Zvakanaka - Yakasimbiswa Tekinoroji: Maitiro acho anonzwisiswa zvakanaka, uye kune yakakura maindasitiri ruzivo mukushandiswa kwayo.

payakaipira

• Corrosive Reagents: Chlorine - based oxidants inogona kukanganisa kumidziyo, zvichitungamira kumitengo yepamusoro yekugadzirisa uye hupenyu hupfupi hwemidziyo.

• Toxic By - zvigadzirwa: Panguva yekuita, pane njodzi yekugadzira chepfu ne-zvigadzirwa zvakaita se chlorine gasi kana maitiro asina kudzorwa zvakanaka.

• High Chemical Consumption: Inoda huwandu hwakakura hweklorini - based oxidants, inogona kuwedzera mari yekushandisa.

Case Study

Mugodhi wegoridhe wakashandisa nzira yealkaline chlorination kurapa cyanide yayo - ine maswe. Nekunyatsodzora pH ye tailings slurry inosvika 10 - 11 uye kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfu hwebleaching (a common chlorine - based oxidant), iyo yakazara cyanide yemukati mumiswe yakaderedzwa kubva pakatanga kusangana ye200 mg/L kusvika isingasviki 0.1 mg/L mushure mekurapwa. Miswe yakagadziriswa yaienderana nemamiriro ekunze ekuburitsa zviyero.

INCO Maitiro (Sulfur Dioxide - Air Process)

Principle

Iyo INCO maitiro, anozivikanwawo sesarufa dioxide - mhepo process, ndeimwe yakakosha tekinoroji yekubvisa cyanide. Mukuita uku, sulfur dioxide nemhepo zvinounzwa mumatailings slurry pamberi pemhangura inokonzeresa. Iyo sulfur dioxide yakasvibiswa kuva sulfate, uye okisijeni iri mumhepo inobatsira mukusvibiswa kwecyanide. Iyo catalyst yemhangura inomhanyisa mwero wekuita, ichishandura cyanide kuita kabhoni dioxide, nitrogen, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Advantages

• Lower Chemical Consumption: Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira, inoda kushomeka kwemakemikari sezvo inoshandisa mweya sechinhu chinopisa.

• Yakaderedzwa Toxic By - zvigadzirwa: Inogadzira mashoma ane chepfu ne-zvigadzirwa zvichienzaniswa nealkaline chlorination, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo ine hushamwari.

• Mutengo - Unoshanda: Inogona kudhura-inoshanda pamabasa makuru nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wesulfur dioxide nemhepo.

payakaipira

• Catalyst Chinodiwa: Kudiwa kwemhangura catalyst kunowedzera kuomarara kune maitiro. Iyo catalyst inoda kunyatsochengetedzwa uye kutariswa, uye kurasikirwa kwayo kana kudzima kunogona kukanganisa maitiro ekuita.

• pH Sensitivity: Maitiro acho anonzwa kune iyo pH ye tailings slurry. Optimal pH mamiriro anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuti akwanise kubvisa cyanide, kazhinji iri pakati pe8 - 9.

• Inononoka Rection Rate: The reaction rate inononoka kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe oxidation maitiro, izvo zvingangoda hombe reaction midziyo uye nguva refu yekugara.

Case Study

Basa rakakura rekuchera goridhe mukuita maitiro eINCO. Nekuisa yakatsaurirwa reaction system yekuunza sulfur dioxide nemhepo, uye nekunyatso kudzora iyo copper catalyst dosage, vakakwanisa kudzikisa cyanide concentration mumisara yavo kubva pa150 mg/L kusvika pasi pe50 mg/L. Izvi zvakasangana neindasitiri - yakagamuchirwa isina simba - acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide level zvinodiwa pakurasa miswe.

Biological Treatment Nzira

Principle

Biological kurapwa kwecyanide - ine goridhe tailings inosanganisira kushandisa tupukanana senge mabhakitiriya uye fungi. Aya ma microorganisms anogona kugadzira cyanide sechitubu chenitrogen kana kabhoni. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona kushandura cyanide kuita ammonia kuburikidza nekuita enzymatic. Iyo yese maitiro akateedzana akaomesesa maitiro ebiochemical maitiro apo ma microorganisms anopwanya cyanide molecule pasi pemamiriro ekunze akadai setembiricha yakakodzera, pH, uye kuwanikwa kwechikafu.

Advantages

• Zvemagariro Shamwari: Biological kurapwa isarudzo yakagadzikana sezvo isingaunze mamwe makemikari anokuvadza munzvimbo.

• Low - Mutengo: Kana iyo microbial tsika yatangwa, mutengo wekushandisa unogona kunge wakadzikira sezvo tupukanana tunokwanisa kuzvidzokorora uye kushandisa zvinovaka muviri.

• Selective Treatment: Mamwe tupukanana anogona kunanga cyanide, achisiya mamwe mamineral anokosha mumaswe asina kukanganiswa.

payakaipira

• Slow Process: Biological process kazhinji ine inononoka kuita mareti kana ichienzaniswa nemakemikari oxidation nzira. Izvi zvinogona kuda mahombe-anoita bioreactor uye nguva refu yekurapa.

• Sensitivity kune Environmental Conditions: Microorganisms inonzwa zvakanyanya kune shanduko yekushisa, pH, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu mumaswe. Kunyangwe kusiyanisa kushoma kunogona kukanganisa hutachiona uye kuderedza kushanda kwekubvisa cyanide.

• Kutanga Complexity: Kugadzira yakagadzikana uye inoshanda hutachiona tsika yekusvibisa cyanide inogona kuve yakaoma. Zvinoda kunyatsosarudzwa uye acclimatization yeakakodzera microorganisms.

Case Study

Mugodhi wegoridhe mukuyedza nebiological treatment system. Vakashandisa yakanyatsogadzirwa bioreactor yakazadzwa nemubatanidzwa wecyanide - bhakitiriya inosvibisa. Mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu uye kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza mubioreactor, vakakwanisa kuderedza cyanide concentration mumaswe kubva pa80 mg/L kusvika pa10 mg/L. Nekudaro, kuita uku kwaida mwedzi yakati wandei yekutanga uye kugadzirisa kuti uwane kuita kwakagadzikana.

Kugeza Miswe uye Pond Stripping (WPS) Maitiro

Principle

Maitiro eWPS ane matanho makuru maviri: tailings slurry washing uye dziva kana tangi kubvisa cyanide. Muchikamu chekugeza, counter-current high - rate thickeners inoshandiswa kushambidza tailings slurry. Izvi zvinobatsira mukubvisa huwandu hwakakosha hwecyanide - ine mhinduro kubva kumaswe. Kufashukira kwemvura, iyo ine cyanide, inobva yaiswa padhamu kana kubviswa tangi. Mukubvisa, iyo cyanide - yakapfuma mhinduro inoratidzwa kumhepo kana zvimwe zvinobvisa. Iyo cyanide, iri muchimiro chehydrogen cyanide gasi, inobviswa mumushonga uye inogona kudzoserwa kana kurapwa zvakare. Mvura yakabviswa inogona kudzokororwa zvakare kune yekugezesa nhanho, iyo inobatsira mukugadzirisa kuenzanisa kwemvura.

Advantages

• Resource Recovery: Maitiro acho anobvumira kudzoreredzwa kwecyanide, iyo inogona kudzokororwa kudzokera kune leaching process, kuderedza iyo yakazara cyanide kushandiswa mumugodhi.

• Water Management: Nekugadzirisa zvakare mvura yakabviswa, inobatsira mukugadzirisa chiyero chemvura mukushanda kwemigodhi, kuderedza kudiwa kwemvura yakachena yekunwa uye kuderedza kubuda kwemvura yakasviba.

• Kushandiswa Kwezvivakwa Zviripo: Maitiro eWPS anogona kazhinji kushandisa zvivakwa zvechirimwa zviripo senge makobvu uye kugadzira madziva emvura, kuderedza kudiwa kwekudyara kukuru.

payakaipira

• Kuoma muKushanda: Maitiro acho anosanganisira matanho akati wandei uye anoda kungwarira kudzora ma paramita akadai sekuwacha zvakanaka, chiyero chekubvisa, uye reshiyo yekudzokorodza mvura.

• Cyanide Recovery Efficiency: Kushanda kwe Cyanide Recovery inogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakadai sekutanga cyanide concentration mumaswe, kunaka kwekugezwa uye kubvisa maitiro, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa.

• Kunhuwa uye Kunetseka Kwekuchengetedza: Maitiro ekubvisa anogona kuburitsa hydrogen cyanide gasi, ine hwema hwakasimba uye ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuve aripo kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi.

Case Study

Kambani inochera goridhe yakaita hurongwa hweWPS. Nekudzoreredza makobvu avo aivepo kuti awedzere kuwacha nekuvaka dziva rakavharwa rekubvisa cyanide, vakakwanisa kuwana cyanide yekudzoreredza mwero unosvika 70%. Iyo cyanide yakadzoserwa yakadzokororwa zvakabudirira kudzokera kudunhu reLeaching, ichidzikisa mutengo wavo wekutenga cyanide nemari yakakura.

mhedziso

Kubviswa kwecyanide kubva mumisara yegoridhe kwakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye miitiro inochengetedza migodhi. Imwe neimwe yemaitiro ekubvisa cyanide anokurukurwa, anosanganisira alkaline chlorination, iyo INCO maitiro, biological kurapwa, uye iyo WPS maitiro, ine yayo yakasarudzika mabhenefiti neyakaipira. Sarudzo yemaitiro akanyatsokodzera zvinoenderana nezvakasiyana siyana senge yekutanga cyanide kusungwa mumaswe, kuumbwa kwemaswe, hupfumi huripo, uye mutengo - ongororo yekubatsira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, musanganiswa weaya maitiro anogona kudikanwa kuti uwane yakanyanya kunaka uye inodhura - inoshanda cyanide kubviswa. Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba yakatarisana nekuwedzera kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuenderera mberi kwekutsvagisa uye kusimukira mumatekinoroji ekubvisa cyanide kuchave kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakachena uye rakasimba.