Sei Sodium Cyanide Yakanyatso Kutariswa?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yagara iri nyaya yekufarira kwakanyanya uye kunetseka munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunhu hwayo hwehupfu uye nehupamhi - hwekushandisa muindasitiri.

Toxicity: A Lethal Threat

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya kuvanhu. Kunyange mari shoma, zvishoma se5% yetipuni, inogona kuuraya. Kana ichipinda mumuviri wemunhu, inozviparadzanisa kuita cyanide ions (CN⁻). Aya maion ane hukama hwakasimba hwesimbi mu cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakakosha kune ketani yekutakura maerekitironi mukufema kweserura. Nekusunga kusimbi, cyanide ions inhibisa basa re enzyme, ichivharira kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa kugona kwemuviri kugadzira simba muchimiro cheATP. Izvi zvinotungamira kukurumidza kusashanda kwemasero, lactic acidosis (sese masero anochinja kune anaerobic metabolism), uye pakupedzisira kufa. Zviratidzo zve sodium cyanide chepfu zvinosanganisira kufema kunetseka, kugwinha, kurasikirwa nekuziva, uye kusungwa kwemoyo. Tichifunga izvi zvakanyanya kuuraya, chero mukana wekusangana nawo Sodium Cyanide, ingave mutsaona dzemaindasitiri kana zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokurumidza kusimudza zvakakomba zvehutano hweveruzhinji uye kuchengetedzeka.

Yakapararira Industrial Applications

Ndarama Kuchera

Imwe yekutanga kushandiswa kwe Sodium cyanide iri mune mugodhi wegoridhe industry. Yakawanda yegoridhe renyika haiwanikwe mumagumbeze makuru asi sezvimedu zvakatsetseka zvakaparadzirwa mumatombo. Kutora goridhe kubva mumatombo aya, nzira inonzi cyanidation inowanzoshandiswa. Mushure mekunge ore yakacherwa uye yakanyungudutswa muhupfu hwakatsetseka, inowedzerwa kune mhinduro ye sodium cyanide. Iyo goridhe inoumba zvisungo zvakasimba nemamorekuru ecyanide, ichigadzira goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes. Aya macomplexes anogona kubva apatsanurwa kubva kune mamwe mamineral ari muore, sezvo ari kunyungudika mumvura. Zvadaro, zinc inowedzerwa kune mhinduro, iyo inopindirana negoridhe - cyanide complexes, zvichiita kuti goridhe riwedzere sechinhu chakasimba. Ichi chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinobva chanyungudutswa kuti goridhe chairo rive roga. Iko kudiwa kwepasi rose kwegoridhe, kunosundwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekugadzira zvishongo, kudyara, uye maindasitiri mafomu, zvinoreva kuti yakawanda sodium cyanide inoshandiswa mukucherwa kwegoridhe pasi rose. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chero nyaya dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide mune ino mamiriro, senge kubata kwayo kwakachengeteka, kuchengetedza, uye kutakura, inokwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwekukosha kwehupfumi hweindasitiri.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso Zvemaindasitiri

Sodium cyanide inoitawo basa rakakosha mune mamwe maindasitiri. Mumunda we electroplating, inoshandiswa sechikamu mune mamwe mabhati ekuputira. Inobatsira mukuwana yakapfava uye yakafanana kupfekedzwa kwesimbi semhangura, sirivheri, cadmium, uye zinc pane akasiyana substrates. Mukugadzira organic makemikari, sodium cyanide inoshanda sekiyi yekutanga zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kweimwe mishonga yemishonga, inoshandiswa kuunza boka recyano (-CN) mumamolekemu ehupenyu, iyo inokosha pakuumbwa kwemishonga yakawanda inokosha yemishonga. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira shinda dzekugadzira, mapurasitiki, uye dhayi. Muindasitiri yedhayi, inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwemakomisheni senge (cyanuric chloride), inova yakakosha yepakati pakugadzira madhayi anochinja uye inoshandawo sechinhu chakabikwa chekugadzira zvinopenya zvinopenya. Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwayo mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri maitiro, chero kukanganisa mukugovera, kubata, kana kuchengetedzeka kwesodium cyanide kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro inosvika kure mune zvehupfumi.

Zviitiko uye Mabatiro Azvo

Zviitiko zvepamusoro-soro zvinosanganisira sodium cyanide zvakawedzera kusimudzira mukurumbira wayo mumeso everuzhinji. Semuenzaniso, kuputika kweTianjin muna 2015 kwaiva chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chakaunza sodium cyanide muchiedza. Panzvimbo yakaputika, murwi mukuru wematani 700 esodium cyanide wakawanwa, uyo waipfuura ka70 kupfuura muganhu wepamutemo. Kuputika uku kwakasimudza kushushikana pamusoro pekugona kuburitswa kwekemikari ine muchetura mumhoteredzo. Kudai sodium cyanide yakanga yabudiswa ikasangana nemvura kana tembiricha yakakwira, ingadai yakagadzira gasi rehydrogen cyanide, chinhu chine ngozi zvikuru uye chinoputika. Hydrogen cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya kana ikafemerwa uye inogona kukurumidza kupararira mumhepo, ichiisa hupenyu hwevanhu vari panjodzi. Kunyangwe zviremera zveChinese zvakatora danho rekukasika kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, senge kurapa kurashikirwa nehydrogen peroxide kuderedza kuumbwa kwemamwe makomisheni ane njodzi, chiitiko ichi chichiri kuratidza njodzi dzakakura dzine chekuita nekuchengetedza uye kubata sodium cyanide. Kuziva kweveruzhinji nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzesodium cyanide kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye zvakakonzera kuwedzera kuongororwa kwemitemo yekuchengetedza uye maitiro mumaindasitiri anobata nekemikari iyi.

Mukupedzisa, sodium cyanide yakakwira toxicity, kushandiswa kwakawanda mumaindasitiri akakosha semigodhi yegoridhe nekugadzira makemikari, uye kubatanidzwa kwayo muzviitiko zvikuru zvese zvinopa chimiro chayo sekemikari inotariswa zvakanyanya. Iko kudikanwa kwekuenzanisa kushandiswa kwayo kwemaindasitiri nematanho akasimba ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda inoramba iri dambudziko rakakura.