Zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvinofanirwa kuteverwa sei pakutakura sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha chakakosha chemakemikari mbishi zvinhu, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji akadai semigodhi, electroplating, uye kugadzira makemikari. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kuchetura chepfu, chero kuvuza kana kubata zvisina kunaka panguva kutakura zvinogona kuunza njodzi yakakomba kuutano hwevanhu nemhoteredzo. Naizvozvo, kutakurwa kwe Sodium Cyanide inofanira kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba.

1. Kudzvinyirira Kuenderana

1.1 Chimiro cheMutemo

Munyika dzakawanda, kutakurwa kwe sodium cyanide inodzorwa zvakanyanya nemitemo nemirau yakakodzera. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, Dhipatimendi Rezvokufambisa (DOT) rine mitemo yakadzama muMutemo weFederal Regulations (CFR), Title 49. Mitemo iyi inosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sokurongedza, kunyora, kuisa mapepa, uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi vezvifambiso. MuChina, iyo "Mitemo paKuchengetedzwa Kwekuchengetedza kweHazardous Chemicals" inotsanangura zvakajeka zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kutakura kwemakemikari ane muchetura zvakanyanya senge. Sodium cyanide. Vatengesi vekunze vanofanirwa kuwana mvumo kunze kwenyika kwemakemikari anodzorwa kubva kune zviremera zvenyika vasati vatumira kunze kwenyika, uye chitupa chekushandisa chinodiwa kuti uwane mvumo yekuburitsa kunze.

1.2 Zvibvumirano uye Marezenisi

Makambani ekufambisa anofanirwa kuwana marezenisi chaiwo uye marezinesi ekutakura sodium cyanide. Maremiti aya anowanzo kupihwa nemapazi ehurumende akakodzera mushure mekuongorora kwakadzama kwehurongwa hwekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwekambani, michina yekufambisa, uye zvikwaniriso zvevashandi vayo. Semuenzaniso, mukutakurwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi muEuropean Union, makambani anofanirwa kutevedzera ADR (European Agreement maererano neInternational Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) mirau uye kuwana zvitupa zvinodiwa zveADR.

2. Packaging uye Labeling

2.1 Packaging Zvishandiso

• Solid sodium cyanide: Solid sodium cyanide inowanzotakurwa mumadhiramu esimbi ane uremu hwemambure e50 kg. Aya madhiramu akashongedzerwa nemukati PE mabhegi kudzivirira kuvuza. Plywood mabhokisi ane huremu hwemambure e1000 kg, akaiswa mukati PE uye PP laminated mabhegi akarukwa, anowanzoshandiswa. Zvekurongedza zvinofanirwa kunge zviri corrosion - zvisingaite uye zvine simba rakakwana kuti rikwanise kumira zvakajairwa kubata uye kuvhunduka kwekufambisa.

• Sodium Cyanide Solution: Aqueous sodium cyanide inowanzotakurwa mu "tight - fill" (yakavharwa - loop) systems. Zvekutakura njanji, inotakurwa kana kuburutswa mumotokari dzechitima kuburikidza nemakemikari hoses kana PTFE - yakamisikidzwa kurodha maoko. Matangi marori anoshandiswa kutakura sodium cyanide mhinduro anofanirwa kusangana neakatemerwa DOT zvinodiwa, senge MC 307 kana yakaderera - pressure kemikari ISO midziyo. Matrailer ese anofanirwa kunge aine mavharuvhu ekuyamura, uye ayo ane pasi pepasi anofanira kunge akashongedzerwa neremote - controlled stop valves.

2.2 Kuisa Mazita uye Kuisa

• Yambiro Labels: Ese mapakeji ane sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuve akanyorwa zvakajeka nemavara ekunyevera. Aya mavara anofanirwa kuratidza zita rekemikari, huturu hwayo, uye yambiro yengozi inodiwa, senge "Poison," "Toxic by Inhalation," uye "Danger: Inogona Kukonzera Rufu." Mapepa acho anofanira kunge ari mumutauro unonzwisiswa zviri nyore munzvimbo yezvokufambisa.

• Makabati: Mota dzinotakura sodium cyanide dzinofanira kuratidza zvikwangwani zvakakodzera kumativi mana ose. Aya mabhodhi mahombe, madhaimani-akaumbwa zviratidzo zvinonyatso ratidza njodzi yezvakatakura. Kune sodium cyanide, iyo placard ichawanzoratidza nhamba yeUN (UN1689 yesodium cyanide yakasimba uye UN3414 ye sodium cyanide solution), kirasi (Kirasi 6.1. inomiririra zvinhu zvine chepfu), uye chiratidzo chengozi yakakodzera.

3. Zvishandiso zvekutakura uye Mamiriro ezvinhu

3.1 Zvinodiwa zveMota

• Rail Transportation: Sodium cyanide inowanzotumirwa mu 26.000 - galoni DOT - 111 insulated kana isina-insulated tank motokari dzine mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza. Motokari dzenjanji dzine dhayamita rekunze rinoita mamita mapfumbamwe uye kureba kwese kwema 9 - 45 tsoka, ine 55' x 6' pakati pekuvhura kana kuvharisa mabhokisi ekuparara. Mota dzematangi dzinofanirwa kugara dzichiongororwa kana paine zviratidzo zvekuora, kuvuza, kana kukuvara.

• Yekutakura Mugwagwa: Matangi marori anoshandiswa kutakura sodium cyanide anofanirwa kusangana neakasimba kuchengetedza zviyero. Vanofanirwa kunge vakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekuchengetedza senge emergency shut - off valves, pressure gauges, uye anti - rollover protection. Mota idzi dzinofanirwawo kunge dziine mabhureki akavimbika uye dzichengetedzwe zvakanaka kuitira kuti dzifambiswe zvakanaka mumugwagwa.

• Kufambisa Kwemhepo: Pakutakura sodium cyanide nemhepo, kungwarira kwakakosha kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe nyaya apo 25.7 matani ecyanide aida kutakurwa kubva kuXi'an kuenda kuMongolia, mutakuri akatora matanho ekuchengetedza akawanda. Mutoro wacho waive wakazara mu "sealed bag inner package + steel drum outer package". Madhiramu esimbi akazadzwa nesodium cyanide akanyatsonamisikidzwa pane yekumanikidza - inotakura tireyi kudzivirira kudhumhana uye kufamba panguva yekubhururuka. Vendege vanowanzo govera vashandi vendege vane ruzivo kundege dzinotakura zvinhu dzakakosha.

3.2 Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza

• Tembiricha uye Humidity Control: Sodium cyanide inofanira kutakurwa munzvimbo inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro. Tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuchinja kwemakemikari, uye hunyoro hunogona kukonzera kuti yakasimba sodium cyanide itore unyoro uye inogona kuburitsa muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi. Mota uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa tembiricha yakakodzera uye maturusi ekudzora mwando kana zvichidikanwa.

• Kudzivisa Kuvhunduka uye Kudedera: Panguva yekufambisa, mota inofanirwa kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwakanyanya uye kudedera. Kutyaira kwakashata, sekugara uchierekana mabhureki uye kutendeuka kwakapinza, zvinogona kukonzera kuti mapakeji abonderane uye anogona kukanganisa kurongedza, zvichikonzera kuvuza. Nokudaro, vatyairi vanofanira kudzidziswa kutyaira zvakanaka uye kudzivisa mamiriro akadai.

4. Kudzidziswa Kwevashandi uye Matanho Ekuchengetedza

4.1 Zvinodiwa Pakudzidzisa

• General Awareness Training: Vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukutakurwa kwesodium cyanide, kusanganisira vatyairi, vanotakura zvinhu, uye vatariri, vanofanirwa kuwana ruzivo rwekuziva nezvezvinhu zvine njodzi. Kudzidziswa uku kunosanganisira ruzivo rwezvimiro zvesodium cyanide, njodzi dzinogona kuunza, uye maitiro ekuchengetedza ekutanga ekutevera.

• Basa - Kunyatsodzidziswa: Vashandi vanofanirwawo kugamuchira basa - kudzidziswa kwakanangana nemabasa avo. Semuenzaniso, vatyairi vanofanirwa kuziva maitiro ekupindura kune mamiriro ekukurumidzira panguva yekufambisa, sekuteuka kana tsaona yemotokari. Vatakuri vanofanira kudzidziswa kurodha uye kurodha kwakafanira kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemutoro uye ivo pachavo.

• Recurrent Training: Kugara uchidzidzira kudzidziswa kunodiwa kuchengetedza ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwevashandi kusvika parizvino. Izvi zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanogara vachiziva nezve yazvino mirairo yekuchengetedza uye maitiro akanakisa mukutakura kwe sodium cyanide.

4.2 Matanho ekuchengetedza

• Chidziviriro Chekushandisa (PPE): Pakubata sodium cyanide, vashandi vese vanofanirwa kupfeka PPE yakakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira magirovhosi erabha, maapuroni, bhutsu, magogi, uye huruva - proof kana gasi masks. PPE inobatsira kudzivirira kusangana kwakananga nekemikari uye inhalation yehutsi hwayo hune muchetura.

• kufefetedza: Nzvimbo dzekutakurisa nekudzikisa, pamwe nemukati memotokari dzekutakura, dzinofanirwa kunge dzakanyatsofefeterwa. Kufefetedza kwakanaka kunogona kuderedza kuwanda kwemagasi ane muchetura mumhepo uye kuderedza njodzi yekufemerwa nevashandi. Munzvimbo umo sodium cyanide inobatwa kwenguva yakareba, mechanical ventilation equipment inofanira kuiswa.

• Zvirongwa zveEmergency Response: Makambani ezvekufambisa anofanirwa kunge aine hurongwa hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi huripo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kudonongodza nzira dzinofanirwa kutevedzwa kana pakaitika kurashikirwa, kubuda, kana imwe emergency. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira ruzivo rwekufonerana kune akakodzera masangano emhinduro dzechimbichimbi, akadai semadhipatimendi emoto emuno, masangano ekuchengetedza nharaunda, uye nzvimbo dzekudzivirira chepfu.

5. Emergency Response uye Spill Management

5.1 Emergency Response Plan

• Pre-yakarongwa Maitiro: Kana pakaitika tsaona kana kurasika kunosanganisira sodium cyanide, chirongwa chemhinduro yechimbichimbi chakafanorongwa chinofanira kuitwa nekukasika. Urongwa uhwu hunofanirwa kudonongodza matanho anotorwa kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu, kudzivirira kupararira kwekuteuka, uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, inofanirwa kutsanangura nzira yekubvisa munzvimbo yakatenderedza, maitiro ekuisa spill, uye maitiro ekuita neutralize sodium cyanide.

• kutaurirana: Kukurukurirana kwakajeka uye kunoshanda kwakakosha panguva yenjodzi. Kambani yekufambisa inofanirwa kuzivisa nekukurumidza masangano emunharaunda ekupindura kwechimbichimbi, pamwe nevakuru vane chekuita nekutonga. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzekutaurirana dzinofanirwa kuumbwa nenharaunda dzakatenderedza kuti dzivazivise nezvemamiriro ezvinhu uye chero nzira dzinodiwa dzekubuda kana kuchengetedza.

5.2 Spill Management

• containment: Kana kurasika kuchiitika, danho rekutanga nderekuva nesodium cyanide kudzivirira kupararira kwayo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa zvinhu zvinonyudza, sejecha kana kuparara kwakakosha - control booms. Nzvimbo yakatenderedza kurashikirwa inofanira kuvharirwa kudzivirira kupinda kusina mvumo.

• Neutralization: Liquid hydrogen cyanide (inogadzirwa kana sodium cyanide inopindirana nemvura) uye chero yakasara sodium cyanide inofanira kuderedzwa. Nechinangwa ichi, yakasimba oxidizing agents sehydrogen peroxide kana sodium thiosulfate inogona kushandiswa. Iyo neutralization maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa nenyanzvi dzakadzidziswa achitevera akasimba ekuchengetedza maitiro.

• Kuchenesa - kumusoro uye Kurasa: Mushure mekuita neutralization, zvinhu zvakasvibiswa, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotora uye chero ivhu kana mvura yakakanganiswa nekuputika, inofanira kucheneswa zvakanaka uye kuraswa. Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kutakura zvinhu zvacho kuenda kunzvimbo ine rezinesi yekurasa tsvina ine njodzi kuti irapwe zvisina njodzi.

Mukupedzisa, kutakurwa kwesodium cyanide kwakanyatso kudzorwa uye kuchengetedza - yakakosha kushanda. Nekunyatsotevedzera zvese zvinodiwa zvine chekuita ne Kuteerera Kwemitemo, kurongedza, midziyo yekufambisa, kudzidziswa kwevashandi, uye mhinduro yechimbichimbi, njodzi dzine chekuita nekutakura iyi kemikari ine muchetura inogona kudzikiswa zvinobudirira, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye nharaunda.