Mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee Leaching Cyanidation Gold

Cyanidation Dahab, geeddi-socodka hydrometallurgical ee halbowlaha u ah, ayaa ahaa rukunka soo saarista dahabka in ka badan qarni laga soo bilaabo ganacsigeedii 1890-meeyadii. Maqaalkani waxa uu si qoto-dheer u falanqeynayaa hababka kiimikaad ee asaasiga ah iyo kuwa jireed ee ka dambeeya leaching cyanidation ee dahabka, iyada oo siinaya faham buuxa oo farsamadan lagama maarmaanka ah ee warshadaha macdanta dahabka.

Falcelinta Kiimikada: Wadnaha Cyanidation

Habka cyanidation-ku wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay falcelinta gaarka ah ee dahabka ee joogitaanka ion cyanide ah (CN⁻) iyo oksidant, sida caadiga ah ogsijiinta hawada ka timaada. Fal-celinta kiimikada aasaasiga ah waxaa lagu soo koobi karaa sida soo socota: Afar mole oo dahab ah (Au), oo ka fal-celinaya siddeed mole Sodium cyanide (NaCN), hal mole of oxygen (O₂) oo ka yimaada hawada, iyo laba moles oo biyo ah (H₂O), waxay soo saaraan afar moles oo ah sodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) iyo afar moles oo ah sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Dareen-celintan, atamka dahabka ah ayaa oksaydhaysan ilaa +1 gobolka oksaydhka waxayna sameeyaan dhismooyin dicyanoaurate (I) deggan \ ([Au (CN)_2] ^ - \). Cyanide ions waxay u dhaqmaan sida wakiilada isku dhafan, xasilinta ion dahabka ee xalka, halka oksijiin ay u adeegto sida aqbalaha elektarooniga ah, oo wadista oksaydhka dahabka. Dib-u-habayntan - habka kakanaanta ayaa awood u siinaya kala dirida xulashada dahabka ah ee ka soo baxa macdanaheeda, xitaa marka loo eego mid hooseeya. cyanide uruurinta (0.01 - 0.1%).

Nidaamyada Jirka: Wareejinta tirada badan iyo Kinetics Leaching

Marka laga reebo falcelinta kiimikada, waxtarka cyanidation dahab ah waxaa lagu maamulaa hababka jireed sida wareejinta ballaaran iyo faafinta. Heerka dheecaanka dareeraha guud waxa saameeya fidinta fal-celinta (cyanide iyo oksijiin) ee dusha dahabka iyo fidinta dhismayaasha dicyanoaurate ee la sameeyay oo ka fog dusha sare. Marka loo eego moodeelka xudunta u ah yaraanaya, leaching dahabku wuxuu ku dhacaa saddex tallaabo oo isku xigta:

1. Kala wareejinta tirada dibadda: Cyanide iyo ogsijiin waxay ku faafaan lakabka xadka ee ku wareegsan qaybta dahabka.

2. falcelinta dusha sare: Oxidation iyo kakanaanta waxay ka dhacaan muraayadda xalalka dahabiga ah.

3. Faafin gudaha ah: Dahabka la sameeyay - dhismayaasha cyanide ayaa ka soo baxa qaybta. Inta ugu yar ee tillaabooyinkan ayaa go'aamiya heerka leaching guud, inta badan waa wareejin ballaaran dibadda ama falcelinta dusha, ku xiran tahay xaaladaha shaqada.

Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee Waxtarka Cyanidation

Dhowr arrimood oo muhiim ah ayaa si weyn u saameeya waxqabadka cyanidation-ka dahabka:

• Isku-duubnaanta CyanideCyanide ku filan ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo dhismayaal xasiloon, laakiin xaddi xad dhaaf ah waxay keeni kartaa kharash koror iyo walaac deegaan. Heerarka ugu fiicani way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo lagu saleynayo sifooyinka macdanta.

• Helitaanka OgsajiintaOgsajiinta ku filan ayaa muhiim u ah falcelinta oksaydhka. Hababka hawo-mareenka, sida kicinta farsamada ama hawada, ayaa la adeegsadaa si kor loogu qaado wareejinta ogsijiinta.

• Xakamaynta pHHabka waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu fuliyaa pH sare (9 - 11) si loo xakameeyo samaynta sunta hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Lime waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa si loo ilaaliyo heerka pH ee la doonayo.

• Macdanta macdantaJoogitaanka sulfide-ka, Carbonwalxaha aceous, iyo macdanaha kale waxay faragelin karaan cyanidation. Tusaale ahaan, sulfide-ku waxay cuni karaan cyanide iyo oksijiin, halka maaddada kaarboonku ay nuugi karto isku-dhafka dahabka - cyanide, taasoo keenta "dhac uurka."

Hababka Lagu Kordhiyo Waxqabadka Cyanidation

Si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka soo saarista dahabka, farsamooyinka kobcinta ee kala duwan ayaa la isticmaalaa:

• Daawaynta ka horDubidda, oksaydhaynta cadaadiska, ama bio-oxidation ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa macdan-celinta refractory si meesha looga saaro macdanaha faragelinta iyo soo bandhigidda dusha dahabka.

• lagu daroIsku-dhafka sida thiourea ama ammonia ayaa lagu dari karaa si loo hagaajiyo heerka kala dirida ama la xakameeyo falcelinta dhinaca.

• Naqshadaynta Qalabka La HagaajiyeyDib-u-kicinta sare leh oo leh awood isku-dhafan oo la wanaajiyey iyo awood wareejinta tirada badan, sida kicinta - reactors-taangiyada ama nidaamyada dheecaan-qaadista, waxay kor u qaadi kartaa waxqabadka guud ee habka.

Gebagebadii, leaching cyanidation dahabku waa nidaam adag oo aad waxtar u leh kaas oo isku dara fal-celin kiimikaad, wareejinta tirada jirka, iyo xakamaynta taxaddarka leh ee cabbirro hawleedyo badan. Fahamka mabaadi'dan aasaasiga ah ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah hagaajinta hababka soo saarista dahabka, hubinta dhaqaalaha dhaqaalaha, iyo yaraynta saameynta deegaanka ee warshadaha macdanta dahabka. Maaddaama ay sii socoto baahida dahabka, cilmi-baarista socota waxay diiradda saareysaa horumarinta farsamooyinka cyanidation ee waxtarka leh, waara, iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo leh.