Ts'ebetso eohle ea slime cyanidation bakeng sa mefuta ea khauta e hasantsoeng

1. Selelekela

Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea indasteri ea merafo ea khauta, mehloli ea tšepe ea khauta e sebetsoang habonolo e ntse e fokotseha butle-butle. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho ithuta mekhoa ea ho rua molemo le ho qhibilihisa ha ores ea khauta ea refractory, joalo ka ores ea khauta e nang le arsenic - antimony vein - mofuta o phatlalalitsoeng. Li-ores tsena li khetholloa ka botlalo

x mieralogy, moo arsenopyrite le stibnite li amanang haufi-ufi le liminerale tsa gangue ka mokhoa o hasaneng, ho etsa hore ho ntšoa ha khauta ho be thata. Ts'ebetso ea slime cyanidation ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho ntšoa ha khauta, empa bakeng sa mofuta ona oa tšepe, hangata e tobana le mathata a kang sekhahla se tlase sa ho tsoa ha khauta le tšebeliso e phahameng ea reagent. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ena ho ka ntlafatsa ka nepo sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa le melemo ea moruo ea merafo ea khauta.

2. Litšobotsi tsa Arsenic - Antimony Vein - Mefuta e Phahamisitsoeng ea Ores ea Khauta

2.1 Sebopeho sa Mineralogical

Ka arsenic - antimony vein - ores ea mofuta oa khauta e hasaneng, arsenopyrite le stibnite ke liminerale tse ka sehloohong tse amang ho ntšoa ha khauta. Likaroloana tsa khauta tsa tlhaho tse ka har'a tšepe li na le boholo bo sa lekanang haholo. Li ajoa haholo-holo mapetsong le libakeng tsa granular tsa pyrite le arsenopyrite, kapa li phuthetsoe ka hare ho tsona. Ka linako tse ling, khauta e kopana le stibnite, 'me karolo ea eona e kenngoa ka har'a liminerale tsa gangue tse kang limonite kapa quartz. Karolo e 'ngoe ea pyrite ka har'a ore e teng e le phepelo e ntle ea liminerale tsa gangue mme e na le kamano e haufi ea symbiotic le arsenopyrite le marcasite. Arsenopyrite ka kakaretso e na le boholo bo batlang bo lekana 'me e amana haufi-ufi le pyrite. Sebopeho sa ore haholo-holo ke methapo - e ajoang, ka boholo ba stibnite le arsenopyrite e kopantsoeng le liminerale tsa gangue ka mokhoa o hasaneng.

2.2 Lintho Tse Kotsi

Boteng ba arsenic (As) le antimony (Sb) ka hara ore ha bo ratehe haholo bakeng sa ho ntsha ha gauta ka cyanidation. Dikarolo tsena di ka arabela le cyanide le oksijene tshebetsong ya cyanidation, tsa ja di-reagent tse ngata mme tsa fokotsa sekgahla sa ho ntsha ha gauta. Mohlala, arsenic e ka etsa metsoako e fapaneng ya arsenic e nang le arsenic ka hara tharollo ya cyanide, e seng feela e jang cyanide empa hape e ka etsa difilimi tsa passivation hodima dikarolwana tsa gauta, e sitisang ho kopana pakeng tsa di-ion tsa gauta le cyanide.

3. Mathata a teng ho Tsohle - Ts'ebetso ea Slime Cyanidation

3.1 Sekhahla se Tlase sa Khauta ea Leaching

Ka ho toba tsohle - slime cyanidation ea arsenic - antimony vein - mefuta ea lirafshoa tsa khauta e hasaneng hangata e fella ka sekhahla se tlase sa ho tsoa ha khauta. Ka lebaka la sebopeho se rarahaneng sa mineralogical le boteng ba lintho tse kotsi, khauta e thata ho qhibiliha ka ho feletseng ke cyanide. Bakeng sa ores tse ling, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha slime cyanidation ke hoo e ka bang 47.62%.

3.2 Tšebeliso e phahameng ea Reagent

Ts'ebetso ea cyanidation e hloka palo e kholo ea cyanide joalo ka moemeli oa leaching. Leha ho le joalo, ka pel'a arsenic, antimony le lintho tse ling tse kotsi, tšebeliso ea cyanide e eketseha haholo. Ntle le moo, boteng ba liminerale tse ling tsa sulfide ka har'a ore le bona bo ka sebetsana le cyanide, 'me ho eketsa tšebeliso ea reagent. Mohlala, karabelo ea liminerale tsa sulfide ka cyanide e ka theha mefuta e fapaneng ea li-cyano - li-complexes, tsa fokotsa khatello ea mahala ea cyanide ka har'a slurry le ho khutlisa leaching ea khauta.

4. Maano a Ntlafatso bakeng sa Bohle - Ts'ebetso ea Slime Cyanidation

4.1 Mekhoa ea ho Phekola Pele

4.1.1 Alkaline Leaching Pretreatment

Ho sebelisa NaOH joalo ka alkaline leaching agent ho ka tlosa ka katleho likarolo tse ling tse kotsi. Ka liteko tsa orthogonal factorial, ho fumanoe hore bakeng sa ores tse ling, ha botle ba ho sila liminerale bo le - 200 mesh accounting bakeng sa 85%, alkaline leaching concentration ke 60 kg / t, nako ea leaching ea alkaline ke 32 h, 'me mocheso oa alkaline leaching ke 26 °C, phello e latelang e ka ntlafatsoa cyanid. Leaching ea alkaline e ka qhala arsenic - le antimony - e nang le liminerale ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea bona e mpe ts'ebetsong ea cyanidation.

4.1.2 Kalafo ea Asiti esale Pele

Phekolo ea asiti pele ho oli, joalo ka ho sebelisa nitric acid (HNO₃) le hydrochloric acid (HCl), le eona e ka sebetsa hantle. Phekolo ea asiti pele ho oli e ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide. Mohlala, kamora phekolo ea asiti pele ho oli, tšebeliso ea cyanide e ka fokotsoa ka 340 - 210 mg/L ka ho latellana, 'me sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha khauta se tsamaellanang se ka eketseha ho fihlela ho 98.87% le 95.11%. Phekolo ea asiti pele ho oli e ka qhala liminerale tse ling tsa Carbon ate le karolo ea liminerale tsa sulfide ka har'a ore, e leng se fokotsang tšitiso ea liminerale tsena ts'ebetsong ea cyanidation.

4.1.3 Ho Besoa Phekolo Pele

Ho besa ore ho 600 - 1000 °C ka lihora tse 0.5 - 2 pele ho silafatswa ha cyanidation le hona ho ka fihlella diphetho tse ntle. Diphetho tsa silafatswa ha cyanidation disampoleng tse besitsweng di bontsha hore tshebediso ya silafatswa ha cyanide e fokotsehile haholo ka 1150 mg/L, mme sekgahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha kgauta se eketseha ka 5.2%. Ho phaella moo, dikahare tsa arsenic, antimony, cadmium, le MERCURY sampole e besitsweng (e besitsweng ho 1000 °C ka dihora tse 2) di fokotsehile haholo. Ho besa ho ka fetola diminerale tsa sulfide hore e be di-oxide tsa tshepe, e leng se etsang hore kgauta e fumanehe habonolo bakeng sa ho dutla ha silafatswa ha cyanide.

4.2 Ntlafatso ea Maemo a Cyanidation

4.2.1 Tekanyo ea Cyanide

Bakeng sa li-ores tse nang le litšobotsi tse fapaneng, mahloriso a nepahetseng a cyanide a hloka ho khethoa. Bakeng sa mofuta oa pele oa sampole ea ore e nang le 10.5 ppm khauta e nang le arsenic e phahameng le antimone, khatello e nepahetseng ea cyanide ke 4000 mg/L, ha mofuta oa bobeli oa sampole ea ore e nang le khauta e tlase (2.5 ppm) empa e na le silevera e ngata (160 ppm), khatello e nepahetseng ea cyanide ke 2500 mg/L. Ho fetola khatello ea cyanide ho latela thepa ea ore ho ka etsa bonnete ba hore khauta e tsoa hantle ha e ntse e fokotsa litšila tsa reagent.

4.2.2 pH Boleng

Boleng ba pH ba tharollo ea cyanidation le bona bo na le phello e kholo ho phello ea leaching. Bakeng sa sampole ea pele, pH e nepahetseng ke 11.1. 'me bakeng sa sampole ea bobeli, pH e nepahetseng ke 10.5. Ho boloka boleng bo nepahetseng ba pH ho ka netefatsa botsitso ba tharollo ea cyanide le ho khothaletsa karabelo lipakeng tsa khauta le li-ion tsa cyanide.

4.2.3 Nako ea Cyanidation

Nako ea cyanidation e boetse e lokela ho ntlafatsoa. Bakeng sa mefuta e 'meli ea mehlala e boletsoeng ka holimo, nako e loketseng ea cyanidation ke 24 h. Ho lelefatsa nako ea cyanidation ho ka 'na ha se ke ha eketsa sekhahla sa ho khutlisa khauta haholo empa ho tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Ka hona, ho fumana nako e nepahetseng ea cyanidation ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso.

4.2.4 Tšebeliso ea Liente tsa Oxidizing

Ho sebelisa li-oxidizing agents tse kang H₂O₂ (0.015 M), moea (0.15 L/min), kapa motsoako oa H₂O₂ le moea ho ka ntlafatsa kinetics ea ho ntša khauta. Har'a bona, ente ea moea e na le phello e molemo ka ho fetisisa ho kinetics ea leaching. Lisebelisoa tsa oxidizing li ka fetola lintho tse ling tse fokotsehileng ka har'a ore hore e be mefuta e nang le oxidized, e khothalletsang ho qhibiliha ha khauta.

5. Lithuto Tsa Litaba

Morafong oa khauta Gansu, ts'ebetso ea ho ntša letsoai la slime ea mofuta oa arsenic - antimony vein - e hasantsoeng e ile ea ntlafatsoa. ​​Ka ho phekola ka alkaline leaching pele ho NaOH, ho ntlafatsa ho sila hantle, ho bokellana ha alkaline leaching, nako le mocheso, ebe ho etsoa cyanidation ka mahloriso a nepahetseng a NaCN le nako ea cyanidation, sekhahla sa ho ntša cyanide se eketsehile ho tloha ho 47.62% ea pele ho isa ho 85.04%. Tabeng e 'ngoe, sebakeng sa khauta se nang le motsoako o rarahaneng oa ore, kamora ho phekola ka asiti le ho besa pele ho kalafo, ebe ho fetoloa Maemo a Cyanidation , sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha khauta se ile sa ntlafala haholo, 'me tšebeliso ea cyanide e ile ea fokotseha ka katleho.

6. Qetello

Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea slime cyanidation bakeng sa arsenic - antimony vein - ores ea mofuta oa khauta e phatlalalitsoeng ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho ntšoa ha khauta le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Ka ho khetha mekhoa e nepahetseng ea kalafo e joalo ka alkaline leaching, pretreatment ea acid, le ho halika pele, le ho ntlafatsa maemo a cyanidation ho kenyelletsa mahloriso a cyanide, boleng ba pH, nako ea cyanidation, le ho sebelisa li-oxidizing, lintlafatso tse kholo li ka fihlelleha ho sekhahla sa ho tsoa ha khauta le tšebeliso ea reagent. Meepo e fapaneng ea khauta e lokela ho khetha maano a ho ntlafatsa ho latela litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ore ho fihlela melemo e metle ea moruo le tikoloho.