Likopo tse Atolositsoeng le Litebello tsa Nts'etsopele ea Sodium Cyanide indastering

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), e le thepa e tala ea lik'hemik'hale e chefo haholo empa e sebetsa hantle, e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka indastering ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebeliso ea eona e akaretsa liindasteri tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, ho tloha ho Nts'oeng ha Litšepe tsa Bohlokoa ho isa ho motsoako o motle oa lik'hemik'hale. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho tiea ha melaoana ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ho phahama ha mahlale a matala, nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang ea Sodium Cyanide e tobane le liphephetso le menyetla e mecha.

I. Libaka tsa Kopo ea Core ea Sodium Cyanide

1. Ho Nkoa ha Litšepe Tsa Bohlokoa le Ts'ebetso ea Liminerale

Sodium cyanide ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa merafo ea khauta le silevera. Ka mokhoa oa cyanidation, e ka etsa li-complexes tse qhibilihang ka khauta le silevera, e leng se nolofalletsang ho ntšoa ha litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa ho ores ea boemo bo tlase. Reaction equation ke e latelang:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Ho sa tsotellehe kotsi ea chefo, mokhoa oa cyanidation o ntse o ikarabella ho feta 80% ea molumo oa lefats'e oa ho ntšoa ha khauta ka lebaka la theko e tlaase le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho hlaphoheloa.

2. Electroplating le Surface Treatment

Indastering ea ho polata ka motlakase, sodium cyanide , e le sesebelisoa se rarahaneng, e ka tsitsisa li-ion tsa tšepe (tse kang koporo, zinki le cadmium) ho netefatsa hore lera la ho polata le tšoana ebile le teteaneng. Mohlala, ts'ebetso ea ho polata ka zinki ea cyanide e ka ntlafatsa haholo khanyetso ea ts'enyeho ea tšepe. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la likhatello tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, mahlale a ho polata ka motlakase a se nang cyanide (a kang ho polata ka zinki ea zinki) butle-butle a nkela mekhoa ea setso sebaka.

3. Organic Synthesis le Pharmaceutical Intermediates

Sodium cyanide ke ntho ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa motsoako oa metsoako ea nitrile. Ka liphetoho tsa nucleophilic substitution, sehlopha sa CN⁻ se ka kenngoa ka har'a limolek'hule tsa tlhaho ho hlahisa li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa tse kang acrylonitrile (bakeng sa li-synthetic fibers) le adiponitrile (bakeng sa nylon 66). Ka mohlala:

CH₂=CHCH₂Cl + NaCN → CH₂=CHCH₂CN + NaCl

Lefapheng la meriana, Sodium cyanide e ameha tlhahisong ea vithamine B12, meriana e loantšang kankere, jj.

4. Meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana le e bolaeang likokoanyana

Sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa ho lokisa mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana, joalo ka fenvalerate (sebolaea-likokoanyana sa pyrethroid). Motsoako oa eona, thiocyanate (SCN⁻), e boetse e sebelisoa ho li-herbicides le fungicides.

5. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Indasteri

• Ho Hloekisa Tšepe : Ho tlosa lera la oxide holim'a tšepe;

• Sethibela-mafu sa ho Sebetsa ha Diminerale : Ho lokisa boitshwaro ba ho phaphamala ha diminerale;

• Selelekela sa Libetsa tsa Lik'hemik'hale : Tšebeliso e bonolo e hlokang taolo e tiileng.

II. Melemo ea Ntlafatso: Liphephetso le Menyetla li Kopane

1. Tšireletso ea Tikoloho le Likhatello tsa Polokeho

Chefo e phahameng ea sodium cyanide e qobelletse lefatše ho matlafatsa taolo. Mohlala, Regulation ea EU's Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation e e thathamisa e le ntho e amehang haholo (SVHC), e hlokang hore likhoebo li senole litaba tsa tšebeliso. Likotsi tsa ho lutla li ka lebisa ho likoluoa ​​​​tsa tikoloho (joalo ka ketsahalo ea ho phatloha ha Tianjin Port naheng ea China ka 2015), ho etsa hore indasteri e fetohe ho fihlela sepheo sa "zero emission".

2. Boqapi ba Theknoloji le Litharollo tse ling

• Ho tumisa Mekhoa e se nang Cyanide :

• Ho Ntša Khauta : Mekhoa ea theknoloji e kang mokhoa oa ho ntša leaching oa thiourea le bromination e ntse e hola butle-butle;

• Ho betla ka motlakase : Ho sebedisa di-complexing agents tse kang citrate le ethylenediamine ho nkela cyanides sebaka ;

• Mekhoa ea ho Kopanya Lintho ka Botala : Ho kopanya metsoako ea nitrile ka mekhoa ea biocatalysis (joalo ka ho sebelisa nitrile hydratase ho hlahisa acrylamide);

• Mohlala oa Moruo o Selikalikoe : Ho nts'etsapele mahlale a ho hlaphoheloa ha cyanide (joalo ka karohano ea lera le phapanyetsano ea li-ion) ho fokotsa tšebeliso.

3. Monyetla oa Kholiso Makhapheng a Keketso ea boleng bo Holimo

• Lisebelisoa tse Ncha tsa Matla : Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho kopanyeng lintho tse tlang pele ho thepa ea cathode ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion (tse kang lithium nickel cobalt manganate);

• Lik'hemik'hale tsa Elektroniki : Li sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho qoelisa ha ho etsoa li-wafer tsa semiconductor;

• Meriana e Mahareng : Ka ho potlaka ha lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea meriana e mecha, tlhoko ea sodium cyanide lik'hemik'haleng tse ntle e ka 'na ea tsoela pele ho hola.

4. Phapang ea 'Maraka ea Libaka

• Linaha tse Tsoetseng Pele : Tlhoko e atisa ho ba e tsitsitseng, ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng theknoloji le ho latela melao ea tikoloho;

• Mebaraka e Hlahang : Katoloso ea meralo ea motheo le indasteri ea tlhahiso e khanna tlhoko, joalo ka nts'etsopele ea merafo ea khauta Asia Boroa-bochabela le Afrika.

III. Mekhoa ea Bokamoso le Likarabo tsa Indasteri

1. Lintlafatso tsa Theknoloji : Ho nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tse nang le mahloriso a tlase a sodium cyanide le ho ntlafatsa maemo a karabelo ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso;

2. Tsamaiso ea Dijithale : Ho beha leihlo tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ka nako ea sebele ka Inthanete ea Lintho (IoT) ho ntlafatsa polokeho;

3. Tataiso ea Leano : Mmuso o hloka ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa indasteri le lipheo tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho le ho khothaletsa "Tsamaiso ea Cyanide e nang le Boikarabello" (joalo ka Khoutu ea Tsamaiso ea Cyanide ea Machaba, ICMI);

4. Puisano ea Sechaba : Ho matlafatsa ponaletso ea indasteri le ho fokotsa leeme la kelello la sechaba mabapi le cyanide.

fihlela qeto e

Boleng ba indasteri ea sodium cyanide bo tsamaisana le likotsi tsa eona tsa chefo. Nakong e tlang, nts'etsopele ea eona e tla itšetleha ka phello ea synergistic ea tlhahiso ea theknoloji le tlhokomelo e tiileng. Leha e tobane le likhatello tsa ho nkela sebaka mafapheng a mang, ho se nkeloe sebaka ke liindasteri tsa boleng bo holimo, hammoho le katleho ea lits'ebetso tse tala, e ntse e ka bula libaka tse ncha tsa kholo bakeng sa eona. Joalo ka lintho tse ling tse kotsi indastering ea lik'hemik'hale, tsela ea nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea sodium cyanide e "laola likotsi le ho lokolla boleng".